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A mini review of recent progress in the removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical waste using various adsorbents

Ahammad NA, Ahmad MA, Hameed BH, Mohd Din AT

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Dec;30(60):124459-124473.
PMID: 35314938 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19829-0

The presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) originating from pharmaceutical waste in water, wastewater, and marine ecosystems at various geographical locations has been clearly publicised. This review paper presents an overview of current monitoring data on the occurrences and distributions of ECs in coastal ecosystem, tap water, surface water, ground water, treated sewage effluents, and other sources. Technological advancements for EC removal are also presented, which include physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid treatments. Adsorption remains the most effective method to remove ECs from water bodies. Various types of adsorbents, such as activated carbons, biochars, nanoadsorbents (carbon nanotubes and graphene), ordered mesoporous carbons, molecular imprinting polymers, clays, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks have been extensively used for removing ECs from water sources and wastewater. Extensive findings on adsorptive performances, process efficiency, reusability properties, and other related information are thoroughly discussed in this mini review.
Optimizing chemotherapy treatment outcomes using metaheuristic optimization algorithms: A case study

Samy PG, Kanesan J, Badruddin IA, Kamangar S, Ahammad NA

Biomed Mater Eng, 2023 Dec 21.
PMID: 38143334 DOI: 10.3233/BME-230149

BACKGROUND: This study explores the dynamics of a mathematical model, utilizing ordinary differential equations (ODE), to depict the interplay between cancer cells and effector cells under chemotherapy. The stability of the equilibrium points in the model is analysed using the Jacobian matrix and eigenvalues. Additionally, bifurcation analysis is conducted to determine the optimal values for the control parameters.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the model and control strategies, benchmarking simulations are performed using the PlatEMO platform.
METHODS: The Pure Multi-objective Optimal Control Problem (PMOCP) and the Hybrid Multi-objective Optimal Control Problem (HMOCP) are two different forms of optimal control problems that are solved using revolutionary metaheuristic optimisation algorithms. The utilization of the Hypervolume (HV) performance indicator allows for the comparison of various metaheuristic optimization algorithms in their efficacy for solving the PMOCP and HMOCP.
RESULTS: Results indicate that the MOPSO algorithm excels in solving the HMOCP, with M-MOPSO outperforming for PMOCP in HV analysis.
CONCLUSION: Despite not directly addressing immediate clinical concerns, these findings indicates that the stability shifts at critical thresholds may impact treatment efficacy.

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