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  1. Fulltext Liposomes derived from Mycobacterium smegmatis promote immune activation of mice bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
    Mat Luwi NE, Kadir R, Mohamud R, A Garcia-Santana ML, Acevedo R, Sarmiento ME, et al.
    Int J Mycobacteriol, 2020 8 31;9(3):261-267.
    PMID: 32862158 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_82_20
    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality due to infectious diseases. The development of new generation vaccines against TB is of paramount importance for the control of the disease. In previous studies, liposomes obtained from lipids of Mycobacterium smegmatis (LMs) demonstrated their immunogenicity and protective capacity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. To characterize the immunomodulatory capacity of this experimental vaccine candidate, in the current study, the stimulatory capacity of LMs was determined on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from mice.

    Methods: LMs were obtained and incubated with mature BMDCs. The internalization of LMs by BMDCs was studied by confocal microscopy, and the LMs immune-stimulatory capacity was determined by the expression of surface molecules (CD86 and MHCII) and the cytokine production (interleukin [IL]-12, interferon-Υ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10) 24 h after exposure to LMs.

    Results: The interaction of LMs with BMDCs and its internalization was demonstrated as well as the immune activation of BMDCs, characterized by the increased expression of CD86 and the production of IL-12. The LMs internalization and immune activation of BMDCs were blocked in the presence of cytochalasin, filipin III and chlorpromazine, which demonstrated that internalization of LMs by BMDCs is a key process for the LMs induced immune activation of BMDCs.

    Conclusions: The results obtained support the further evaluation of LMs as a mycobacterial vaccine, adjuvant, and in immunotherapy.

  2. Mycobacterium smegmatis proteoliposome induce protection in a murine progressive pulmonary tuberculosis model
    Tirado Y, Puig A, Alvarez N, Borrero R, Aguilar A, Camacho F, et al.
    Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2016 12;101:44-48.
    PMID: 27865396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.07.017
    Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity. The TB vaccine, BCG, is not fully protective against the adult form of the disease and is unable to prevent its transmission although it is still useful against severe childhood TB. Hence, the search for new vaccines is of great interest. In a previous study, we have shown that proteoliposomes obtained from Mycobacterium smegmatis (PLMs) induced cross reactive humoral and cellular response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens. With the objective to evaluate the protective capability of PLMs, a murine model of progressive pulmonary TB was used. Animals immunized with PLMs with and without alum (PLMs/PLMsAL respectively) showed protection compared to non-immunized animals. Mice immunized with PLMsAL induced similar protection as that of BCG. Animals immunized with BCG, PLMs and PLMsAL showed a significant decrease in tissue damage (percentage of pneumonic area/lung) compared to non-immunized animals, with a more prominent effect in BCG vaccinated mice. The protective effect of the administration of PLMs in mice supports its future evaluation as experimental vaccine candidate against Mtb.
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