METHODS: We conducted this scoping review to collect evidence related to the antimicrobial potential of diverse natural compounds from Zingiberaceae plants and their synthetic derivatives. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases for relevant studies published from 2012 to 2023. A total of 28 scientific studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The authors of these studies implemented in vitro and in silico methods to examine the antimicrobial potency and underlying mechanisms of the investigated compounds.
RESULT: The evidence elucidates the antimicrobial activity of natural secondary metabolites from Zingiberaceae species and their synthetic derivatives against a broad panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses.
CONCLUSION: To date, researchers have proposed the application of bioactive compounds derived from Zingiberaceae plants and their synthetic analogues as antimicrobial agents. Nevertheless, more investigations are required to ascertain their efficacy and to broaden their commercial applicability.
METHOD: This was a retrospective study in which high-resolution computed tomography images of paediatric patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss were reviewed. A cochlear nerve canal diameter of 1.5 mm or less in the axial plane was classified as stenotic. Semicircular canals and other bony labyrinth morphology and abnormality were evaluated.
RESULTS: Cochlear nerve canal stenosis was detected in 65 out of 265 ears (24 per cent). Of the 65 ears, 17 ears had abnormal semicircular canals (26 per cent). Significant correlation was demonstrated between cochlear nerve canal stenosis and semicircular canal abnormalities (p < 0.01). Incomplete partition type II was the most common accompanying abnormality of cochlear nerve canal stenosis (15 out of 65, 23 per cent).
CONCLUSION: Cochlear nerve canal stenosis is statistically associated with semicircular canal abnormalities. Whenever a cochlear nerve canal stenosis is present in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss, the semicircular canal should be scrutinised for presence of abnormalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study used accidental sampling, conducted in the agricultural land of Ngadisari Village, Sukapura District, Probolinggo Regency, East Java for 3 weeks in November 2020. This study involved all farmers who were working on the land at the time of the study (n=30). The questionnaires consist of demographic, wound characteristics and wound treatment processes.
RESULTS: The practice of wound treatment for the Tengger Tribe farmers is divided into two stages, namely the initial wound stage (stopping bleeding) using gums of medical plants and the wound healing stage, which is divided into treatment for the outer body using mashed leaf herbs and for the inner body using herbs that function to increase body stamina.
CONCLUSION: The local wisdom Tengger ethnic-based wound treatment uses whatever is in nature to stop the bleeding and increase the wound healing process.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data of patients presented with ocular trauma injury to the Ampang Hospital during the COVID-19 era from 18 March 2020 to 17 September 2020 were retrieved and compared with the similar period of the previous non-COVID-19 era year.
RESULTS: Among the total number of 453 patients, 76.82% (n = 348) were predominantly males. The commonest age group was between 21 years old-40 years old (49.45%, n = 224), and the commonest location of ocular trauma injury occurred at the workplace (38.19%, n = 173); welding was the commonest work-related injury (13.83% in 2019; 12.50% in 2020). Injury-to-treatment time was significantly longer during the COVID-19 era, where patients who sought treatment within a day of injury were 27.27% (n = 69) in 2019 and 18.50% (n = 37) in 2020 (P = 0.030). During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with vision worse than 6/60 on presentation were higher at 8% compared with 3.56% before the COVID-19 pandemic (OR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.48; P = 0.047). Similarly, patients with a vision worse than 6/60 post-treatment during the COVID-19 period were significantly higher at 7.00% compared with 1.58% before the COVID-19 pandemic (OR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.53, 14.62; P = 0.007).
CONCLUSION: The majority of ocular trauma cases in this study population were male adults between 21 years old and 40 years old, and welding was the commonest work-related injury. COVID-19 era has a higher percentage of patients presented with severe visual impairment, longer injury-to-treatment time and poorer post-treatment visual outcomes.
METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional observational study done from November 2017 until December 2017 at ED Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim (HSAH), a 650-bedded tertiary hospital in the state of Kedah. All patients that were triaged to red zone, age 18 years and above, and involved in intra-hospital transfer to critical coronary unit, intensive care unit and wards were included. All cases were documented in proforma by the accompanying staff.
RESULTS: Among the 170 critically ill patients, only 29 patients (17.1%) experienced adverse events during intra-hospital transfer. The adverse events seen were hypotension (12.4%), desaturation (3.5%) and dislodged peripheral line (2.4%). Cardiorespiratory related diagnosis was the commonest presentation. Intra-hospital transfer during morning shift and evening shift has 79.5% (b=-1.59, OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.69, p=0.011) and 75.6% ((b=-1.41, OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.73, p=0.012) lesser odds of experiencing adverse events compare to night shift. Patients with vasopressor/inotropes had 9 times higher odds of experiencing adverse events during transportation, compared to patients with no vasopressor/inotropes (b=2.27, OR=9.70, 95% CI: 3.39, 27.72, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Critical care patients who are involved in intrahospital transfer were at risk of adverse events such as hypotension, desaturation and dislodge peripheral line. Risk identification and maintaining level of care is important to minimize the adverse events during transfer. Patients had higher rates of adverse events if they were transferred during night shifts and on inotropic/vasopressor support.