Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 213 in total

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  1. Goh V, Nihalani D, Yeung KWS, Corbet EF, Leung WK
    J Periodontal Res, 2018 Jun;53(3):324-333.
    PMID: 29105779 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12517
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Risk for deterioration in treated aggressive periodontitis (AgP) individuals remained unclear. This retrospective cohort study investigated 7-26 years of periodontal outcomes and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young adults with advanced periodontitis.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-nine previously treated patients with AgP were re-examined. Clinical and radiographic parameters before treatment discontinuation and at re-examination were compared. OHRQoL at re-call was assessed with the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14S).

    RESULTS: None of the subjects adhered to suggested periodontal therapy and maintenance after discharge. Mean percentage of sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm at re-examination was 4.5 ± 5.9%. A total of 182 teeth had been lost over time. Tooth loss rate was 0.14/patient/year. From 68 subjects with documented favorable treatment outcomes, higher percentage of sites with PPD ≥6 mm at re-examination and higher radiographic proximal bone loss was associated with current smoking status. Patients with AgP with <20 teeth at re-call had worse OHRQoL than those with ≥20 teeth. Patients with higher full-mouth mean PPD also reported poorer OHRQoL.

    CONCLUSION: Treatment in patients with AgP who smoke and neglect proper supportive care, risk periodontal disease progression. Substantial tooth loss and higher full-mouth mean PPD led to poorer OHRQoL in this cohort.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong/epidemiology
  2. Nichol ST, Arikawa J, Kawaoka Y
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000 Nov 07;97(23):12411-2.
    PMID: 11035785
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong/epidemiology
  3. Yanty NA, Marikkar JM, Nusantoro BP, Long K, Ghazali HM
    J Oleo Sci, 2014;63(9):885-92.
    PMID: 25174674
    A study was carried out to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the oil derived from papaya seeds of the Hong Kong/Sekaki variety. Proximate analysis showed that seeds of the Hong Kong/Sekaki variety contained considerable amount of oil (27.0%). The iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and free fatty acid contents of freshly extracted papaya seed oil were 76.9 g I2/100g oil, 193.5 mg KOH/g oil, 1.52% and 0.91%, respectively. The oil had a Lovibond color index of 15.2Y + 5.2B. Papaya seed oil contained ten detectable fatty acids, of which 78.33% were unsaturated. Oleic (73.5%) acid was the dominant fatty acids followed by palmitic acid (15.8%). Based on the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, seven species of triacylglycerols (TAGs) were detected. The predominant TAGs of papaya seed oil were OOO (40.4%), POO (29.1%) and SOO (9.9%) where O, P, and S denote oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, respectively. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that papaya seed oil had its major melting and crystallization transitions at 12.4°C and -48.2°C, respectively. Analysis of the sample by Z-nose (electronic nose) instrument showed that the sample had a high level of volatile compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  4. Reid CM, Yan B, Wan Ahmad WA, Bang LH, Hian SK, Chua T, et al.
    Int J Cardiol, 2014 Mar 1;172(1):72-5.
    PMID: 24480180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.030
    Clinicians and other stakeholders recognize the need for clinical registries to monitor data in order to improve the outcome and quality of care in the delivery of medical interventions. The establishment of a collaboration across the Asia Pacific Region to inform on variations in patient and procedural characteristics and associated clinical outcomes would enable regional benchmarking of quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  5. Tucker AP, Miller A, Sweeney D, Jones RW
    Anaesth Intensive Care, 2006 Dec;34(6):765-9.
    PMID: 17183895
    The continuing medical education (CME) needs of anaesthetists within Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore have been largely unknown. The aim of this study was to undertake a comprehensive survey of the attitude to CME, learning preferences, attitudes and abilities relating to self-paced material, literature and information searching, preferred content and preferred approach to CME of anaesthetists within these countries. A survey tool was developed and refined for ease of use by pilot-testing. The survey was mailed to 3,156 anaesthetists throughout Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. Three options for data return were offered; postal reply, facsimile and a data entry web-page. There were 1,800 responses, which represented a response rate of 57%. The demographics of the respondents were similar to the overall demographics of Fellows of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. A large majority of respondents (92%) stated that their involvement in CME improved patient care. However, almost half the respondents reported that they have difficulty either in participating in current CME activities (31%) or implementing new knowledge into their workplace (14%). Anaesthetists within this region appear to be motivated by the need to make better decisions based on independent standards of practice. While Australia is a world leader in flexible education, it is still emerging as a discipline. Flexible education may be used to facilitate anaesthetists' participation in CME activities and in implementation of new knowledge in their workplace.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  6. Raymundo N, Yu-cheng B, Zi-yan H, Lai CH, Leung K, Subramaniam R, et al.
    Climacteric, 2004 Sep;7(3):312-8.
    PMID: 15669556
    We investigated the effects of 2 months of treatment with topical estrogens on atrophic vaginitis and gynecological health in Asian women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  7. Wu DB, Roberts C, Lee VW, Hong LW, Tan KK, Mak V, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2016;12(2):403-16.
    PMID: 26451658 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1067351
    Pneumococcal disease causes large morbidity, mortality and health care utilization and medical and non-medical costs, which can all be reduced by effective infant universal routine immunization programs with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). We evaluated the clinical and economic benefits of such programs with either 10- or 13-valent PCVs in Malaysia and Hong Kong by using an age-stratified Markov cohort model with many country-specific inputs. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was calculated to compare PCV10 or PCV13 against no vaccination and PCV13 against PCV10 over a 10-year birth cohort's vaccination. Both payer and societal perspectives were used. PCV13 had better public health and economic outcomes than a PCV10 program across all scenarios considered. For example, in the base case scenario in Malaysia, PCV13 would reduce more cases of IPD (+2,296), pneumonia (+705,281), and acute otitis media (+376,967) and save more lives (+6,122) than PCV10. Similarly, in Hong Kong, PCV13 would reduce more cases of IPD cases (+529), pneumonia (+172,185), and acute otitis media (+37,727) and save more lives (+2,688) than PCV10. During the same time horizon, PCV13 would gain over 74,000 and 21,600 additional QALYs than PCV10 in Malaysia and Hong Kong, respectively. PCV13 would be cost saving when compared against similar program with PCV10, under both payer and societal perspective in both countries. PCV13 remained a better choice over PCV10 in multiple sensitivity, scenario, and probabilistic analyses. PCV13s broader serotype coverage in its formulation and herd effect compared against PCV10 were important drivers of differences in outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  8. Sha'ari HM, Haerian BS, Baum L, Tan HJ, Rafia MH, Kwan P, et al.
    Mol Neurobiol, 2016 07;53(5):2869-2877.
    PMID: 25876511 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9150-1
    Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Evidence suggested that abnormal activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Some previous studies identified association between genetic variants of BDNF and risk of epilepsy. In this study, this association has been examined in the Hong Kong and Malaysian epilepsy cohorts. Genomic DNA of 6047 subjects (1640 patients with epilepsy and 4407 healthy individuals) was genotyped for rs6265, rs11030104, rs7103411, and rs7127507 polymorphisms by using Sequenom MassArray and Illumina HumanHap 610-Quad or 550-Duo BeadChip arrays techniques. Results showed significant association between rs6265 T, rs7103411 C, and rs7127507 T and cryptgenic epilepsy risk (p = 0.00003, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.002, respectively) or between rs6265 and rs7103411 and symptomatic epilepsy risk in Malaysian Indians (TT vs. CC, p = 0.004 and T vs. C, p = 0.0002, respectively) as well as between rs6265 T and risk of cryptogenic epilepsy in Malaysian Chinese (p = 0.005). The Trs6265-Crs7103411-Trs7127507 was significantly associated with cryptogenic epilepsy in Malaysian Indians (p = 0.00005). In conclusion, our results suggest that BDNF polymorphisms might contribute to the risk of epilepsy in Malaysian Indians and Chinese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  9. Rigg JR, Jamrozik K, Myles PS, Silbert B, Peyton P, Parsons RW, et al.
    Control Clin Trials, 2000 Jun;21(3):244-56.
    PMID: 10822122
    The Multicenter Australian Study of Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia in Major Surgery (The MASTER Trial) was designed to evaluate the possible benefit of epidural block in improving outcome in high-risk patients. The trial began in 1995 and is scheduled to reach the planned sample size of 900 during 2001. This paper describes the trial design and presents data comparing 455 patients randomized in 21 institutions in Australia, Hong Kong, and Malaysia, with 237 patients from the same hospitals who were eligible but not randomized. Nine categories of high-risk patients were defined as entry criteria for the trial. Protocols for ethical review, informed consent, randomization, clinical anesthesia and analgesia, and perioperative management were determined following extensive consultation with anesthesiologists throughout Australia. Clinical and research information was collected in participating hospitals by research staff who may not have been blind to allocation. Decisions about the presence or absence of endpoints were made primarily by a computer algorithm, supplemented by blinded clinical experts. Without unblinding the trial, comparison of eligibility criteria and incidence of endpoints between randomized and nonrandomized patients showed only small differences. We conclude that there is no strong evidence of important demographic or clinical differences between randomized and nonrandomized patients eligible for the MASTER Trial. Thus, the trial results are likely to be broadly generalizable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  10. Bennett CL, Pei GK, Ultmann JE
    West. J. Med., 1996 Jul-Aug;165(1-2):37-42.
    PMID: 8855683
    Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia are initiating health care reform to meet the changing demands of populations with improved socioeconomic status and access to modern technologies and who are living longer than in previous generations. Hong Kong, in particular, is facing a unique set of circumstances as its people prepare for the transition in 1997 from a British colony to a Special Administrative Region of China. While spending only 4% of its gross domestic product on health care, it has a large and regulated public hospital system for most inpatient medical care and a separate, loosely regulated private health care system for most outpatient medical care. In 1993 the Secretary for Health and Welfare of Hong Kong initiated a year-long process to debate the pros and cons of 5 fundamental programs for health care reform. After a year of open consultation, options were chosen. We describe the Hong Kong health care system, the fundamental changes that have been adopted, and lessons for reformers in the United States.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  11. Martin PL
    Int Migr Rev, 1991;25(1):176-93.
    PMID: 12316776
    "A recent conference sponsored by the United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD) in Nagoya, Japan examined the growing importance of labor migration for four major Asian labor importers (Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore) and five major labor exporters (Bangladesh, Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, and Thailand).... The conference concluded that international labor migration would increase within Asia because the tight labor markets and rising wages which have stimulated Japanese investment in other Asian nations, for example, have not been sufficient to eliminate migration push and pull forces...."
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  12. Abeysinghe T
    J Appl Stat, 1991;18(2):275-86.
    PMID: 12343764
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  13. Van Noorden R
    Nature, 2018 06;558(7711):500-501.
    PMID: 29950637 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-05505-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  14. Kelly AM, Keijzers G, Klim S, Craig S, Kuan WS, Holdgate A, et al.
    Age Ageing, 2021 01 08;50(1):252-257.
    PMID: 32997140 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa121
    OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology and outcomes of non-traumatic dyspnoea in patients aged 75 years or older presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the Asia-Pacific region.

    METHODS: A substudy of a prospective interrupted time series cohort study conducted at three time points in EDs in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia of patients presenting to the ED with dyspnoea as a main symptom. Data were collected over three 72-h periods and included demographics, co-morbidities, mode of arrival, usual medications, ED investigations and treatment, ED diagnosis and disposition, and outcome. The primary outcomes of interest are the epidemiology and outcome of patients aged 75 years or older presenting to the ED with dyspnoea.

    RESULTS: 1097 patients were included. Older patients with dyspnoea made up 1.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-1.9%] of ED presentations. The most common diagnoses were heart failure (25.3%), lower respiratory tract infection (25.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.6%). Hospital ward admission was required for 82.6% (95% CI 80.2-84.7%), with 2.5% (95% CI 1.7-3.6%) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In-hospital mortality was 7.9% (95% CI 6.3-9.7%). Median length of stay was 5 days (interquartile range 2-8 days).

    CONCLUSION: Older patients with dyspnoea make up a significant proportion of ED case load, and have a high admission rate and significant mortality. Exacerbations or worsening of pre-existing chronic disease account for a large proportion of cases which may be amenable to improved chronic disease management.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  15. Yang HK, Ji J, Han SU, Terashima M, Li G, Kim HH, et al.
    Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021 02;6(2):120-127.
    PMID: 33253659 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30315-0
    BACKGROUND: Peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer after curative surgical resection is common and portends a poor prognosis. Early studies suggest that extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL) might reduce the risk of peritoneal recurrence and improve survival. We aimed to evaluate the survival benefit of EIPL in patients with gastric cancer undergoing curative gastrectomy.

    METHODS: In this open-label, phase 3, multicentre randomised trial, patients aged 21-80 years with cT3 or cT4 gastric cancer undergoing curative resection were enrolled at 22 centres from South Korea, China, Japan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Patients were randomly assigned to receive surgery and EIPL (EIPL group) or surgery alone (standard surgery group) via a web-based programme in random permuted blocks in varying block sizes of four and six, assuming equal allocation between treatment groups. Randomisation was stratified according to study site and the sequence was generated using a computer program and concealed until the interventions were assigned. After surgery in the EIPL group, peritoneal lavage was done with 1 L of warm (42°C) normal 0·9% saline followed by complete aspiration; this procedure was repeated ten times. The primary endpoint was overall survival. All analyses were done assuming intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02140034.

    FINDINGS: Between Sept 16, 2012, and Aug 3, 2018, 800 patients were randomly assigned to the EIPL group (n=398) or the standard surgery group (n=402). Two patients in the EIPL group and one in the standard surgery group withdrew from the trial immediately after randomisation and were excluded from the intention-to-treat analysis. At the third interim analysis on Aug 28, 2019, the predictive probability of overall survival being significantly higher in the EIPL group was less than 0·5%; therefore, the trial was terminated on the basis of futility. With a median follow-up of 2·4 years (IQR 1·5-3·0), the two groups were similar in terms of overall survival (hazard ratio 1·09 [95% CI 0·78-1·52; p=0·62). 3-year overall survival was 77·0% (95% CI 71·4-81·6) for the EIPL group and 76·7% (71·0-81·5) for the standard surgery group. 60 adverse events were reported in the EIPL group and 41 were reported in the standard surgery group. The most common adverse events included anastomotic leak (ten [3%] of 346 patients in the EIPL group vs six [2%] of 362 patients in the standard surgery group), bleeding (six [2%] vs six [2%]), intra-abdominal abscess (four [1%] vs five [1%]), superficial wound infection (seven [2%] vs one [<1%]), and abnormal liver function (six [2%] vs one [<1%]). Ten of the reported adverse events (eight in the EIPL group and two in the standard surgery group) resulted in death.

    INTERPRETATION: EIPL and surgery did not have a survival benefit compared with surgery alone and is not recommended for patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

    FUNDING: National Medical Research Council, Singapore.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  16. Ngan OMY, Bergstresser SM, Sanip S, Emdadul Haque ATM, Chan HYL, Au DKS
    Dev World Bioeth, 2020 06;20(2):105-114.
    PMID: 31241234 DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12239
    Cultural competence, a clinical skill to recognise patients' cultural and religious beliefs, is an integral element in patient-centred medical practice. In the area of death and dying, physicians' understanding of patients' and families' values is essential for the delivery of culturally appropriate care. Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the decline of cognitive functions. When the condition progresses and deteriorates, patients with advanced dementia often have eating and swallowing problems and are at high risk of developing malnutrition. Enteral tube feeding is a conventional means of providing artificial nutrition and hydration to meet nutritional needs, but its benefits to the frail population are limitedly shown in the clinical evidence. Forgoing tube feeding is ethically challenging when patients are mentally incompetent and in the absence of an advance directive. Unlike some developed countries, like the United States of America, death and dying is a sensitive issue or even a taboo in some cultures in developing countries that forgoing enteral tube feeding is clinically and ethically challenging, such as China and Malaysia. This article in three parts 1) discusses the clinical and ethical issues related to forgoing tube feeding among patients with advanced dementia, 2) describes how Hong Kong Chinese, North American, and Malaysian Islamic cultures respond differently in the decision-making patterns of forgoing tube feeding for patients with advanced dementia, and 3) reiterates the clinical implications of cultural competence in end-of-life care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  17. Concepcion MB
    Int Labour Rev, 1974;109(5-6):503-17.
    PMID: 12307194
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  18. Paxman JM
    IGCC News, 1979 Apr;4(4):1-3.
    PMID: 12179400
    PIP: A great deal of attention is being devoted to the use of nonphysicians to provide such fertility control services as contraception, sterilization, and abortion. Legal obstacles exist, however, which must be overcome before the role of nonphysicians can be expanded. Such obstacles include medical practice statutes, nursing and midwifery legislation, and laws and regulations directly related to such fertility control measures as the provision of contraceptions and the performance of sterilizations. On the other hand, the following 3 main approaches have been used to permit increased participation of nonphysicians: delegation of tasks by physicians, liberal interpretation of existing laws, and authorization. Thus, the important elements in expanding the roles of nonphysicians are 1) authorization; 2) training; 3) qualification; 4) supervision; and 5) opportunities for referrals to physicians. The ultimate role of paramedicals will depend upon the continued simplification of technology, the results of research on the quality of care which they can provide, the attitudes of the medical profession, and the elimination of the legal ambiguities and obstacles which exist.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
  19. Sundram CJ
    Int Dent J, 1973 Dec;23(4):603-21.
    PMID: 4520880
    Matched MeSH terms: Hong Kong
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