Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 230 in total

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  1. Fulltext A Marine Actinomycete Rescues Caenorhabditis elegans from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection through Restitution of Lysozyme 7
    Fatin SN, Boon-Khai T, Shu-Chien AC, Khairuddean M, Al-Ashraf Abdullah A
    Front Microbiol, 2017;8:2267.
    PMID: 29201023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02267
    The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to conventional antimicrobial treatment is a major scourge in healthcare. Therefore, it is crucial that novel potent anti-infectives are discovered. The aim of the present study is to screen marine actinomycetes for chemical entities capable of overcoming P. aeruginosa infection through mechanisms involving anti-virulence or host immunity activities. A total of 18 actinomycetes isolates were sampled from marine sediment of Songsong Island, Kedah, Malaysia. Upon confirming that the methanolic crude extract of these isolates do not display direct bactericidal activities, they were tested for capacity to rescue Caenorhabditis elegans infected with P. aeruginosa strain PA14. A hexane partition of the extract from one isolate, designated as Streptomyces sp. CCB-PSK207, could promote the survival of PA14 infected worms by more than 60%. Partial 16S sequence analysis on this isolate showed identity of 99.79% with Streptomyces sundarbansensis. This partition did not impair feeding behavior of C. elegans worms. Tested on PA14, the partition also did not affect bacterial growth or its ability to colonize host gut. The production of biofilm, protease, and pyocyanin in PA14 were uninterrupted, although there was an increase in elastase production. In lys-7::GFP worms, this partition was shown to induce the expression of lysozyme 7, an important innate immunity defense molecule that was repressed during PA14 infection. GC-MS analysis of the bioactive fraction of Streptomyces sp. CCB-PSK207 revealed the presence of methyl esters of branched saturated fatty acids. In conclusion, this is the first report of a marine actinomycete producing metabolites capable of rescuing C. elegans from PA14 through a lys-7 mediated activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  2. Fulltext Application of response surface methodology for optimization of decolorization and mineralization of triazo dye Direct Blue 71 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Hafshejani MK, Ogugbue CJ, Morad N
    3 Biotech, 2014 Dec;4(6):605-619.
    PMID: 28324306 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0192-7
    The decolorization and degradation of Direct Blue 71 were investigated using a mono culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacterium was able to decolorize the dye medium to 70.43 % within 48 h under microaerophilic conditions. The medium was then aerated for 24 h to promote the biodegradation of the aromatic amines generated from azo bond cleavage. Reduction in total organic carbon in dye medium was 42.58 % in the microaerophilic stage and 78.39 % in the aerobic stage. The degradation metabolites formed were studied using UV-vis techniques, high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. Data obtained provide evidence for the formation of aromatic amines and their subsequent oxidative biodegradation by a single strain of P. aeruginosa during successive microaerophilic/aerobic stages in the same flask. The influence of incubation temperature (20-45 °C), medium pH (5-10) and initial dye concentration (25-150 mg/L) on decolorization was evaluated to greatly influence decolorization extent. The optimal decolorization conditions were determined by response surface methodology based on three-variable central composite design to obtain maximum decolorization and to determine the significance and interaction effect of the variables on decolorization. The optimal conditions of response were found to be 35.15 °C, pH 8.01 and 49.95 mg/L dye concentration giving an experimental decolorization value of 84.80 %. Very high regression coefficient between the variables and the response (R(2) = 0.9624) indicated a good evaluation of experimental data by polynomial regression model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  3. Control of Attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia to Surfaces by Shear Force
    Hui YW, Narayanan K, Dykes GA
    Water Environ Res, 2016 Nov 01;88(11):2040-2046.
    PMID: 26704787 DOI: 10.2175/106143016X14504669767292
      The effect of physical shearing on the attachment of six Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and six Burkholderia cepacia strains to glass, stainless steel, polystyrene and Teflon® was determined. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in hydrophobicity was apparent for all P. aeruginosa strains (17-36%) and B. cepacia, MS 5 (20%) after shearing. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in attachment of some P. aeruginosa (0.2-0.5 log CFU/cm2) and B. cepacia (0.2-0.4 log CFU/cm2) strains to some surface types was apparent after shearing. Significant (p < 0.05) correlation was observed for both numbers of flagellated cells and hydrophobicity against attachment to glass, stainless steel and polystyrene for P. aeruginosa while only hydrophobicity showed significant correlation against the same surfaces for B. cepacia. Scanning electron microscopy and protein analysis showed that shearing removed surface proteins from the cells and may have led to the observed changes in hydrophobicity and attachment to abiotic surfaces.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. Fulltext In Vitro Influence of ZnO, CrZnO, RuZnO, and BaZnO Nanomaterials on Bacterial Growth
    Abdallah EM, Modwi A, Al-Mijalli SH, Mohammed AE, Idriss H, Omar AS, et al.
    Molecules, 2022 Nov 28;27(23).
    PMID: 36500402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238309
    In this work, ZnO, CrZnO, RuZnO, and BaZnO nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized in order to study their antibacterial activity. The agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC35218, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 7000603, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 278533. The well-diffusion test revealed significant antibacterial activity against all investigated bacteria when compared to vancomycin at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The most susceptible bacteria to BaZnO, RuZnO, and CrZnO were Staphylococcus aureus (15.5 ± 0.5 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.2 ± 0.5 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.7 ± 0.5), respectively. The MIC values indicated that they were in the range of 0.02 to 0.2 mg/mL. The MBC values showed that the tested bacteria's growth could be inhibited at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/mL. According to the MBC/MIC ratio, BaZnO, RuZnO, and CrZnO exhibit bacteriostatic effects and may target bacterial protein synthesis based on the results of the tolerance test. This study shows the efficacy of the above-mentioned nanoparticles on bacterial growth. Further biotechnological and toxicological studies on the nanoparticles fabricated here are recommended to benefit from these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  5. Fulltext GC-MS Based Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Solvent Extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus Leaves
    Swamy MK, Arumugam G, Kaur R, Ghasemzadeh A, Yusoff MM, Sinniah UR
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2017;2017:1517683.
    PMID: 28424737 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1517683
    This study evaluates the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves extracted in different solvents. The methanol extract contained the highest total phenolic (94.37 ± 1.24 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (26.90 ± 1.35 mg RE/g) and exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (90.13 ± 3.32%) followed by the acetone extract (80.23 ± 3.26%) at 500 μg/mL concentration. Similarly, the highest ferric ion reduction potential (849.63 ± 30.95 μM of Fe (II)/g dry weight) was exhibited by the methanol extract followed by the acetone extract (695.92 ± 25.44 μM of Fe (II)/g dry weight). The methanol extract showed greater antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). However, both hexane and acetone extracts failed to inhibit E. coli. S. aureus and C. albicans were more susceptible to all the extracts. Further, GC-MS analysis confirmed the occurrence of a total 46 phytocompounds in different solvent extracts. Some of the major compounds included carvacrol (37.7%), tetracontane (16.6%), squalene (15.6%), tetrapentacontane (13.7%), and Phytol (12.9%). In conclusion, extraction solvents influenced the recovery of phytocompounds and the highest pharmacological activities of the methanol extract could be correlated to the presence of additional bioactive compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  6. Effects of Methanol Extract of Wedelia chinensis Osbeck (Asteraceae) Leaves against Pathogenic Bacteria with Emphasise on Bacillus cereus
    Darah I, Lim SH, Nithianantham K
    Indian J Pharm Sci, 2013 Sep;75(5):533-9.
    PMID: 24403653
    The antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Wedelia chinensis leave was studied and tested against three pathogenic Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Stapylococcus aureus) and three pathogenic Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the disk diffusion assay and broth dilution methods. The extract exhibited favourable antibacterial activity against the bacterial cells but was more potent against Gram positive bacteria with the minimum inhibition concentration of 3.12 to 6.25 mg/ml compared to the Gram negative bacteria which had minimum inhibition concentration values of 25 mg/ml. The time-kill study suggested that the extract possessed bactericidal properties at higher concentrations and eradicated the growth of bacterial cells. The major abnormalities occurred to the bacterial cells after exposed to the extract were complete alterations in their morphology and collapsed of the cells beyond repair. The methanol extract of W. chinensis may be an effective antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  7. Fulltext Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Malaysian Hospital
    Pathmanathan SG, Samat NA, Mohamed R
    Malays J Med Sci, 2009 Apr;16(2):27-32.
    PMID: 22589655 MyJurnal
    Ongoing surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance against antimicrobial agents is fundamental to monitor trends in susceptibility patterns and to appropriately guide clinicians in choosing empirical or directed therapy. The in vitro activity level of eight antimicrobial drugs was assessed against 97 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected consecutively for three months in 2007 from a Malaysian hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the E-test method in addition to the hospital's routine diagnostic testing by the disk diffusion method. Respiratory and wound swab isolates were the most frequently encountered isolates. The E-test and disk diffusion methods showed high concordance in determining the in vitro activity of the antimicrobial agents against the E isolates. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active antimicrobial agent with 91.8% susceptibility, followed by the aminoglycosides (amikacin, 86.6% and gentamicin, 84.5%), the quinolone (ciprofloxacin, 83.5%) and the beta-lactams (cefepime, 80.4%, ceftazidime, 80.4%, imipenem, 79.4% and meropenem, 77.3%). Incidence of multidrug resistance was 19.6% (19 out of 97 isolates). Periodic antibiotic resistance surveillance is fundamental to monitor changes in susceptibility patterns in a hospital setting.

    Study site: Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  8. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and distribution of exoU and exoS in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a Malaysian hospital
    Idris SN, Desa MN, Aziz MN, Taib NM
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2012 Jan;43(1):116-23.
    PMID: 23082561
    This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and distribution of exoU and exoS among 44 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected from different patients over a 3-month period in 2010 at a major Malaysian hospital. Susceptibility data by disk diffusion method for cefepime (30 microg), ceftazidime (30 microg), gentamicin (10 microg), piperacillin-tazobactam (100/10 microg) and ciprofloxacin (5 microg) were available for 38 isolates. Resistance to ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam was the most common (74%) with five isolates not susceptible to three or more different antibiotics. PCR detection of exoU and exoS of all 44 isolates showed the former gene to be present in 18 and exoS in 41. In analyzing the two genes together, 17 isolates were detected for exoU and exoS with only two being negative for both genes. Only one isolate was detected for exoU alone whereas 24 for exoS alone. Distribution of the genes in relation to antibiotic susceptibility was inapplicable due to the majority of the isolates having similar susceptibility patterns, but the tendency of exoU-carrying isolates to be present in male patients (83%) and respiratory sites (61%) was observed (p < 0.050). The finding warrants further investigation in a larger sample of isolates.\

    Study site: Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL)
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects*; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism*
  9. Anti-infective potential of caffeic acid and epicatechin 3-gallate isolated from methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta (L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Perumal S, Mahmud R, Ramanathan S
    Nat Prod Res, 2015;29(18):1766-9.
    PMID: 25571920 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.999242
    Euphorbia hirta (L.) plant is traditionally used in Malaysia for the treatment of gastrointestinal, bronchial and respiratory ailments caused by nosocomial infectious agents. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of E. hirta and analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography have led to the isolation of two antibacterial compounds. These compounds were identified as caffeic acid (CA) and (-)-epicatechin 3-gallate (ECG) based on spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously published data. Using broth microdilution method, both ECG and CA had demonstrated significant minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 and 31.3 μg/mL respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Time-kill assessment of ECG and CA displayed bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects*
  10. Carboxymethylcellulose film for bacterial wound infection control and healing
    Wong TW, Ramli NA
    Carbohydr Polym, 2014 Nov 4;112:367-75.
    PMID: 25129756 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.002
    Infection control and wound healing profiles of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) films were investigated as a function of their anti-bacterial action, physical structures, polymer molecular weights and carboxymethyl substitution degrees. The films were prepared with in vitro polymer/film and in vivo microbe-colonized wound healing/systemic infection profiles examined. Adhesive high carboxymethyl substituted SCMC films aided healing via attaching to microbes and removing them from wound. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was removed via encapsulating in gelling low molecular weight SCMC film, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was trapped in tight folds of high molecular weight SCMC film. Incomplete microbe removal from wound did not necessary translate to inability to heal as microbe remnant at wound induced fibroblast migration and aided tissue reconstruction. Using no film nonetheless will cause systemic blood infection. SCMC films negate infection and promote wound healing via specific polymer-microbe adhesion, and removal of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa requires films of different polymer characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity
  11. Antimicrobial and in vitro wound healing properties of novel clay based bionanocomposite films
    Mishra RK, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Ismail MF, Majeed AB
    J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2014 Aug;25(8):1925-39.
    PMID: 24831081 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5228-y
    The present study investigates the development of methyl cellulose (MC)-sodium alginate (SA)-montmorillonite (MMT) clay based bionanocomposite films with interesting wound healing properties. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the composite films revealed presence of single glass transition temperature (Tg) confirming the miscible nature of the ternary blended films. The increase in MMT ratio in the composite films reduced the mobility of biopolymer chains (MC/SA) which increased the Tg of the film. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that dispersion of clay (MMT) at nano level significantly delayed the weight loss that correlated with higher thermal stability of the composite films. It was observed that the developed films were able to exhibit antimicrobial activity against four typical pathogenic bacteria found in the presence of wound. The developed films were able to significantly inhibit (10 mg/ml) the growth of Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro scratch assay indicated potential wound closure activities of MC-2-4 bionanocomposite films at their respective highest subtoxic doses. In conclusion, these ternary bionanocomposite films were found to be promising systems for wound healing applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects
  12. Fulltext Anti-quorum sensing activity of the traditional Chinese herb, Phyllanthus amarus
    Priya K, Yin WF, Chan KG
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(11):14558-69.
    PMID: 24169540 DOI: 10.3390/s131114558
    The discovery of quorum sensing in Proteobacteria and its function in regulating virulence determinants makes it an attractive alternative towards attenuation of bacterial pathogens. In this study, crude extracts of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn, a traditional Chinese herb, were screened for their anti-quorum sensing properties through a series of bioassays. Only the methanolic extract of P. amarus exhibited anti-quorum sensing activity, whereby it interrupted the ability of Chromobacterium violaceum CVO26 to response towards exogenously supplied N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone and the extract reduced bioluminescence in E. coli [pSB401] and E. coli [pSB1075]. In addition to this, methanolic extract of P. amarus significantly inhibited selected quorum sensing-regulated virulence determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Increasing concentrations of the methanolic extracts of P. amarus reduced swarming motility, pyocyanin production and P. aeruginosa PA01 lecA::lux expression. Our data suggest that P. amarus could be useful for attenuating pathogens and hence, more local traditional herbs should be screened for its anti-quorum sensing properties as their active compounds may serve as promising anti-pathogenic drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects
  13. Use of intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fish to detect the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene
    Karami A, Christianus A, Ishak Z, Shamsuddin ZH, Masoumian M, Courtenay SC
    J Hazard Mater, 2012 May 15;215-216:108-14.
    PMID: 22417397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.038
    This study examined the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa abundance in the intestines of fish as an indicator of exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). P. aeruginosa populations were enumerated in juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) injected intramuscularly three days previous with 0, 10, 30, 40, 50 or 70mg/kg of BaP. Hepatic EROD and GST activities and biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) 1-OH BaP, 3-OH BaP, 7,8-D BaP and BaP were quantified to investigate agreements between the new indicator and established fish biomarkers. The shape of bacterial population (logarithm of colony-forming unit) dose-response curve generally matched those of biliary FACs concentrations. Conversely, the EROD and GST dose-response curves were generally the mirror images of the bacterial population curve. Changes in intestinal P. aeruginosa population appear to be an indirect effect of BaP exposure because exposure to 0-100μg/ml BaP had no effect on P. aeruginosa populations grown on agar plates containing BaP. Using intestinal P. aeruginosa population of fish as a universal indicator of BaP pollution in aquatic environments is discussed.Conversely, the EROD and GST dose-response curves were generally the mirror images of the bacterial population curve.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification*
  14. Fever/clinical signs and association with neutropenia in solid cancer patients--bacterial infection as the main cause
    Rasool Hassan BA, Yusoff ZB, Othman SB
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(5):1273-7.
    PMID: 21198276
    INTRODUCTION: Neutropenia remains one of the serious side effects of chemotherapeutics drugs making cancer patients face serious risk of infections. Fever and clinical signs are considered as important indicators. The objectives of this study were to assess fever and clinical signs with neutropenia onset and/ or severity in solid cancer cases, using culture tests to determine the type of bacteria predominating, whether gram positive or gram negative.

    METHODS: This observational retrospective study was conducted on files of all solid cancer patients who admitted to a general hospital between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2006. All data were categorical and analyzed for association with neutropenia.

    RESULTS: 117 neutropenic patients were studied, 83 (70.9%) of them suffering from fever ranging between 38.5-39 °C, with hypotension (53; 27.3%) and headache 51 (26.3%) as the most common clinical signs. Only 34 (29.1%) neutropenic patients underwent culture testing and only 14 (41.2%) showed positive growth, gram negative types predominating (9; 64.2%), mainly Escherichia coli (5; 35.7%), with gram positive only in 5 (35.7%). Significant associations were found for fever and clinical signs with neutropenia severity (P<0.05), but not neutropenia onset (P>0.05). Logistic regression results showed strong significant association between presence of fever (P=0.02, OR=1.3) (95% confidence interval (CI)) hypotension and headache (P=0.001, OR=1.148) (95% CI) with neutropenia severity.

    CONCLUSION: Fever and clinical signs specifically headache and hypotension are symptoms associated with severe neutropenia in solid cancer patients. Both may primarily result from bacterial infection, particularly gram negative forms.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
  15. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital
    Raja NS, Singh NN
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2007 Feb;40(1):45-9.
    PMID: 17332906
    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized, critically ill patients and patients with underlying medical conditions such as cystic fibrosis, neutropenia, and iatrogenic immunosuppression. The prevalence of multiresistant P. aeruginosa isolates has been increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in P. aeruginosa strains isolated at a university teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    METHODS: The Laboratory Information System of the microbiology department was retrospectively reviewed to determine the susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa isolates to anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, from January to June 2005. Disk diffusion methods were employed and results were interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines.
    RESULTS: 505 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested. Major sources of these isolates included respiratory tract, wound, urine and blood. The rates of antimicrobial resistance of isolates were 6.73% to amikacin, 12.9% to gentamicin, 10.1% to netilmicin, 10.9% to ceftazidime, 11.3% to ciprofloxacin, 9.9% to imipenem, 10.8% to piperacillin, 9.4% to piperacillin-tazobactam and 0% to polymyxin B. Of the 505 isolates, 29 (5.74%) were found to be multidrug-resistant; these were most commonly isolated from respiratory tract specimens of patients in surgical units, followed by respiratory tract specimens in patients in medical units.
    CONCLUSIONS: The data in this study showed low rates of antibiotic resistance among P. aeruginosa isolates. Combinations of aminoglycosides plus beta-lactams or quinolones should be the appropriate choice for empirical therapy in P. aeruginosa infections. Active antibiotic susceptibility testing and surveillance should be continued in order to curtail the problem of antibiotic resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects*
  16. Cold plasma inactivation of chronic wound bacteria
    Mohd Nasir N, Lee BK, Yap SS, Thong KL, Yap SL
    Arch Biochem Biophys, 2016 09 01;605:76-85.
    PMID: 27046340 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.033
    Cold plasma is partly ionized non-thermal plasma generated at atmospheric pressure. It has been recognized as an alternative approach in medicine for sterilization of wounds, promotion of wound healing, topical treatment of skin diseases with microbial involvement and treatment of cancer. Cold plasma used in wound therapy inhibits microbes in chronic wound due to its antiseptic effects, while promoting healing by stimulation of cell proliferation and migration of wound relating skin cells. In this study, two types of plasma systems are employed to generate cold plasma: a parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge and a capillary-guided corona discharge. Parameters such as applied voltage, discharge frequency, treatment time and the flow of the carrier gas influence the cold plasma chemistry and therefore change the composition and concentration of plasma species that react with the target sample. Chronic wound that fails to heal often infected by multidrug resistant organisms makes them recalcitrant to healing. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are two common bacteria in infected and clinically non-infected wounds. The efficacies of the cold plasma generated by the two designs on the inactivation of three different isolates of MRSA and four isolates of P. aeruginosa are reported here.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
  17. Exhaustive study of the novel hyper alkalophil, thermostable, and chelator resistant metalloprotease
    Samie N, Haerian B, Muniandy S, Green D, Ashouri M
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2015 Apr;175(7):3397-417.
    PMID: 25820296 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1513-6
    Our newly discovered metalloprotease, designated as ALP NS12 was selected using gelatin agar plates with incubation at 100 °C. Subcloning of the fragments in to pUC118 to make E. coli HB101 (pPEMP01NS) with following two-step chromatography using diethylaminoethyl sepharose (DEAE-sepharose) and Sephadex G-100 columns to purify 97-kDa expressed enzyme was performed. Although activity of immobilized ALP NS12 on glass surface was established at temperatures between 70 and 120 °C and pH ranges 4.0-13.0, the optimum temperature and pH were achieved at 100 °C and 11.0, respectively. Enhancement of enzyme activity was obtained in the presence of 5 mM MnCl2 (91 %), CaCl2 (357 %), FeCl2 (175 %), MgCl2 (94 %), ZnCl2 (412 %), NiCl (86 %), NaCl (239 %), and Na-sulfate (81 %) while inhibition was observed with EDTA (5 mM), PMSF (3 mM), urea (8 M), and SDS (1 %) at 65, 37, 33, and 42 %, respectively. Consequently, the enzyme was well analyzed using crystallography and protein modeling. ALP NS12 can be applied in industrial processes at extreme temperatures and under highly basic conditions, chelators, and detergents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology*
  18. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of multidrug-resistant and -sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Malaysian hospital
    Thong KL, Lai KS, Ganeswrie R, Puthucheary SD
    Jpn J Infect Dis, 2004 Oct;57(5):206-9.
    PMID: 15507777
    Over a period of 6 months from January to June 2002, an unusual increase in the isolation of highly resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was observed in the various wards and intensive care units of a large general hospital in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. An equal number of multidrug resistant (MDR) and drug-susceptible strains were collected randomly from swabs, respiratory specimens, urine, blood, cerebral spinal fluid, and central venous catheters to determine the clonality and genetic variation of the strains. Macrorestriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the 19 MDR strains were genetically very homogenous; the majority showed the dominant profile S1 (n = 10), the rest very closely related profiles S1a (n = 1), S2 (n = 4), and S2a (n = 3), indicating the endemicity of these strains. In contrast, the 19 drug-sensitive strains isolated during the same time period were genetically more diverse, showing 17 pulsed-field profiles (F = 0.50-1.00), and probably derived from the patients themselves. The presence of the MDR clone poses serious therapeutic problems as it may become endemic in the hospital and give rise to future clonal outbreaks. There is also the potential for wider geographical spread.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics*
  19. Production and characterization of rhamnolipid using palm oil agricultural refinery waste
    Radzuan MN, Banat IM, Winterburn J
    Bioresour Technol, 2017 Feb;225:99-105.
    PMID: 27888734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.052
    In this research we assess the feasibility of using palm oil agricultural refinery waste as a carbon source for the production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant through fermentation. The production and characterization of rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 grown on palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) under batch fermentation were investigated. Results show that P. aeruginosa PAO1 can grow and produce 0.43gL(-1) of rhamnolipid using PFAD as the sole carbon source. Identification of the biosurfactant product using mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of monorhamnolipid and dirhamnolipid. The rhamnolipid produced from PFAD were able to reduce surface tension to 29mNm(-1) with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) 420mgL(-1) and emulsify kerosene and sunflower oil, with an emulsion index up to 30%. Results demonstrate that PFAD could be used as a low-cost substrate for rhamnolipid production, utilizing and transforming it into a value added biosurfactant product.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism*
  20. Changing drug resistance profile in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection among HIV patients from 2010-2017: A retrospective study
    Swathirajan CR, Rameshkumar MR, Solomon SS, Vignesh R, Balakrishnan P
    J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2019 03;16:274-277.
    PMID: 30389636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.019
    OBJECTIVES: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important aetiological agent causing pneumonia, urinary tract infections and bacteraemia. High antibiotic use in nosocomial settings and for immunocompromised conditions results in increasing multidrug resistance. This study analysed the antimicrobial resistance profile of P. aeruginosa isolates in an HIV setting.

    METHODS: A total of 7386 clinical specimens were collected from HIV patients attending YRG CARE from 2010-2017. P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens were identified conventionally, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.

    RESULTS: A total of 260 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated, with 165 P. aeruginosa (63.5%) being isolated from hospitalised patients. A higher incidence of P. aeruginosa infection (25.8%) was observed in 2017, and most of the P. aeruginosa were isolated from sputum specimens (57.3%). A high level of resistance was noted to ceftazidime (49.6%), followed by ticarcillin (41.5%). Imipenem and meropenem resistance was observed in 15.0% and 16.9% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. A high rate of imipenem resistance was noted in 2016 (46.2%) and a high rate of meropenem resistance was noted in 2017 (20.5%). An increasing resistance rate of P. aeruginosa was observed against aztreonam, cefepime, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin and tobramycin from 2010 to 2017.

    CONCLUSION: A constant increase in drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from HIV patients was observed from 2010 to 2017. Findings from this study urge the need for periodical monitoring and surveillance of the P. aeruginosa resistance profile, especially in hospitalised and immunocompromised patients in resource-limited settings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects*
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