MyMedR

Fulltext High proportion of knowlesi malaria in recent malaria cases in Malaysia

Yusof R, Lau YL, Mahmud R, Fong MY, Jelip J, Ngian HU, et al.

Malar J, 2014;13:168.

PMID: 24886266 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-168

Plasmodium knowlesi is a simian parasite that has been recognized as the fifth species causing human malaria. Naturally-acquired P. knowlesi infection is widespread among human populations in Southeast Asia. The aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the incidence and distribution of malaria parasites, with a particular focus on human P. knowlesi infection in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Fatal motorcycle crashes: a growing public health problem in Cambodia

Roehler DR, Ear C, Parker EM, Sem P, Ballesteros MF

Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot, 2015;22(2):165-71.

PMID: 24499413 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2013.876050

This study examines the risk characteristics of fatal motorcycle crashes in Cambodia over a 5-year period (2007-2011). Secondary data analyses were conducted using the Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System, the only comprehensive and integrated road crash surveillance system in the country. Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Handicap International found that (1) males are dying in motorcycle crashes roughly seven times more frequently than females; (2) motorcyclist fatalities increased by about 30% from 2007 to 2011; (3) the motorcyclist death rates per 100,000 population increased from 7.4 to 8.7 deaths from 2007 to 2011; and (4) speed-related crashes and not wearing motorcycle helmet were commonly reported for motorcyclist fatalities at approximately 50% and over 80% through the study years, respectively. Additionally, this study highlights that Cambodia has the highest motorcycle death rate in South-East Asia, far surpassing Thailand, Malaysia, and Myanmar. By recognising the patterns of fatal motorcycle crashes in Cambodia, local road-safety champions and stakeholders can design targeted interventions and preventative measures to improve road safety among motorcyclists.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Reversal of myoblast aging by tocotrienol rich fraction posttreatment

Lim JJ, Ngah WZ, Mouly V, Abdul Karim N

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2013;2013:978101.

PMID: 24349615 DOI: 10.1155/2013/978101

Skeletal muscle satellite cells are heavily involved in the regeneration of skeletal muscle in response to the aging-related deterioration of the skeletal muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity, termed as sarcopenia. This study focused on the effect of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) on regenerative capacity of myoblasts in stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). The myoblasts was grouped as young control, SIPS-induced, TRF control, TRF pretreatment, and TRF posttreatment. Optimum dose of TRF, morphological observation, activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-galactosidase), and cell proliferation were determined. 50 μg/mL TRF treatment exhibited the highest cell proliferation capacity. SIPS-induced myoblasts exhibit large flattened cells and prominent intermediate filaments (senescent-like morphology). The activity of SA-β-galactosidase was significantly increased, but the proliferation capacity was significantly reduced as compared to young control. The activity of SA-β-galactosidase was significantly reduced and cell proliferation was significantly increased in the posttreatment group whereas there was no significant difference in SA-β-galactosidase activity and proliferation capacity of pretreatment group as compared to SIPS-induced myoblasts. Based on the data, we hypothesized that TRF may reverse the myoblasts aging through replenishing the regenerative capacity of the cells. However, further investigation on the mechanism of TRF in reversing the myoblast aging is needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Factors influencing macrosomia in pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia

Yadav H, Lee N

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2014 Feb;40(2):439-44.

PMID: 24147966 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12209

To identify the risk factors influencing the development of macrosomia among pregnant women and to develop a regression model to predict macrosomia.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Biodiversity and clinico-demographic characteristics of human rhinoviruses from hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Malaysia

Etemadi MR, Othman N, Savolainen-Kopra C, Sekawi Z, Wahab N, Sann LM

J Clin Virol, 2013 Dec;58(4):671-7.

PMID: 23932333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.017

BACKGROUND: There is accumulating evidence that human rhinovirus (HRV) causes acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI). Recently, HRV-C was identified as a new species of HRV, but its spectrum of clinical disease is not well understood.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the molecular epidemiology, demographic and clinical characteristics of HRVs among hospitalized children with ALRIs.

STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and sixty-five nasopharangeal aspirates taken from children <5 years hospitalized with ALRTIs in Serdang Hospital, Malaysia, were subject to reverse transcriptase-PCR for HRV. Phylogenetic analysis on VP4/VP2 and 5'-NCR regions was used to further characterize HRV. Other respiratory viruses were also investigated using semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR assay. Clinical parameters were analyzed between HRV, RSV and IFV-A mono-infections and between HRV species.

RESULTS: HRV was detected in 54 (33%) patients for both single (36 samples) and multiple (18 samples) infections, 61.1% (22/36) represents HRV-A strains while the remaining 14 HRV-C. Strain P51 was the first reported representative of HRV98. The majority of the single HRV cases were in the second half of infancy; HRV-C occurred among older children compared with HRV-A. HRV children were admitted significantly earlier and less febrile than RSV and IFV-A infection. HRV-C infected children were more likely to have rhonchi and vomiting as compared to HRV-A. Pneumonia was the most common discharge diagnosis followed by bronchiolitis and post-viral wheeze in HRV patients.

CONCLUSION: Our study showed high prevalence of HRVs and detection of HRV-C among hospitalized children with ALRTIs in Malaysia. Analysis of clinical parameters suggested specific features associated with HRVs infections and specific HRV groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Persistent valve of systemic venous sinus: a cause of neonatal cyanosis

Qureshi AU, Latiff HA, Sivalingam S

Cardiol Young, 2014 Aug;24(4):756-9.

PMID: 24016801 DOI: 10.1017/S1047951113001200

Incomplete involution of valve of systemic venous sinus can present across a spectrum of anatomical lesions ranging from eustachian valve to division of right atrium (cor triatriatum dexter) with overlapping features. We present the case of a neonate presenting with cyanosis, having persistent valve of systemic venous sinus with anatomical details of the redundant tissue in right atrium suggesting an intermediate form between Chiari network and division of right atrium.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext The significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia in a low resource setting

Abdul Rahman Z, Hamzah SH, Hassan SA, Osman S, Md Noor SS

J Infect Dev Ctries, 2013 Jun;7(6):448-52.

PMID: 23771288 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2535

INTRODUCTION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of micro-organisms that are increasingly implicated as a cause of significant infection and the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). One important predictor of true BSI is the isolation of CoNS from multiple blood cultures, presuming that the isolates represent the same species. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective laboratory study which was initiated in June 2007 and lasted until July 2008. CoNS isolates were obtained from patients who had two positive blood cultures within a 14-day interval. CoNS were identified to the species level using an API-Staph, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute specifications. Strain relatedness was confirmed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
RESULTS: During the study period, 202 CoNS-positive samples were isolated from 101 patients. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (59.0%), and 83.2% of the patients isolated the same species of CoNS from repeated blood cultures. Among the isolates of the same species, only 40.7% had the same antibiogram. CoNS with the same species and antibiogram had 93.3% probability of belonging to the same strain. Most (65.5%) of the patients were treated with antibiotics, primarily from the glycopeptides group.
CONCLUSION: Speciation and antibiogram of CoNS from repeated blood cultures are adequate in determining the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Risk factors associated with unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Malaysian neonates

Wong F, Boo N, Othman A

J Trop Pediatr, 2013 Aug;59(4):280-5.

PMID: 23640907 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmt023

To investigate the risk factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Malaysian neonates.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Rotavirus genotypes in Malaysia and universal rotavirus vaccination

Lee WS, Lim BT, Chai PF, Kirkwood CD, Lee JK

Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2012 Oct;8(10):1401-6.

PMID: 23022710 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21577

Group A rotavirus (RV-A) genotypes isolated in Malaysia was studied to estimate the effectiveness of a universal RV-A vaccination in Malaysia. A simple mathematical model was used, with input from a two-year, two-center, prospective study on hospitalization of RV-A gastroenteritis (RVGE) in young children, published data on RV-A hospitalizations and genotypes, mortality on childhood GE and published genotype-specific efficacy data on two RV-A vaccines. Assuming a 95% vaccine coverage, the overall projected effectiveness was 75.7 to 88.1% for Rotateq and 78.7 to 90.6% for Rotarix® against RVGE-related hospitalizations. The projected annual reduction in RVGE-related deaths was 27 to 32 deaths (from 34 deaths) for Rotateq and 28 to 32 deaths annually for Rotarix. A universal RV-A vaccine is efficacious in reducing RVGE-related hospitalizations and mortality in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Prevalence and sociodemographic factors of malnutrition among children in Malaysia

Khambalia AZ, Lim SS, Gill T, Bulgiba AM

Food Nutr Bull, 2012 Mar;33(1):31-42.

PMID: 22624296

For many developing countries undergoing rapid economic growth and urbanization, trends in nutritional status indicate a decrease in malnutrition with an associated rise in the prevalence of obesity. An understanding of the situation among children in Malaysia is lacking.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Barriers to neonatal care in developing countries: parents' and providers' perceptions

Martinez AM, Khu DT, Boo NY, Neou L, Saysanasongkham B, Partridge JC

J Paediatr Child Health, 2012 Sep;48(9):852-8.

PMID: 22970681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02544.x

Hospital care and advanced medical technologies for sick neonates are increasingly available, but not always readily accessible, in many countries. We characterised parents' and providers' perceptions of barriers to neonatal care in developing countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

The nasopharynx in infants with cleft lip and palate

Rajion ZA, Al-Khatib AR, Netherway DJ, Townsend GC, Anderson PJ, McLean NR, et al.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Feb;76(2):227-34.

PMID: 22136741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.11.008

The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography data and computer imaging technology to assess the skeletal components of the naso-pharyngeal area in patients with cleft lip and palate and to quantify anatomical variations.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Variants of organic anion transporter polypeptide 2 gene are not risk factors associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Wong FL, Boo NY, Ainoon O, Wang MK

Malays J Pathol, 2009 Dec;31(2):99-104.

PMID: 20514852 MyJurnal

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of four variants of organic anion transporter polypeptide 2 (OATP2) gene, and their association with severe hyperbilirubinemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Does the granting of legal privileges as an indigenous people help to reduce health disparities? Evidence from New Zealand and Malaysia

Phua KL

Pac Health Dialog, 2009 Nov;15(2):117-27.

PMID: 20443525

Both the Maori of New Zealand and the Orang Asli of Malaysia are indigenous peoples who have been subjected to prejudice, discrimination and displacement in its various forms by other ethnic groups in their respective countries. However, owing to changes in the socio-political climate, they have been granted rights (including legal privileges) in more recent times. Data pertaining to the health and socio-economic status of the Maori and the Orang Asli are analysed to see if the granting of legal privileges has made any difference for the two communities. One conclusion is that legal privileges (and the granting of special status) do not appear to work well in terms of reducing health and socio-economic gaps.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

High direct healthcare costs of patients hospitalised with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza in Malaysia

Ong MP, Sam IC, Azwa H, Mohd Zakaria IE, Kamarulzaman A, Wong MH, et al.

J Infect, 2010 Nov;61(5):440-2.

PMID: 20708031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.08.001

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Pascual's beautiful home waterbirth in Malaysia

Beyer V

Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2010.

PMID: 20397536

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Laparoscopic localization and microlaparotomy for focal isolated perforation in necrotizing enterocolitis: an alternative approach to a challenging problem

Nah SA, Tan HL, Tamba RP, Aziz DA, Azzam N

J Pediatr Surg, 2011 Feb;46(2):424-7.

PMID: 21292104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.11.045

Necrotizing enterocolitis has a wide clinical spectrum of manifestation. We report a novel method of managing focal isolated perforation in necrotizing enterocolitis by using diagnostic laparoscopy to localize the site of perforation and by making a microincision over the perforation to perform exteriorization or limited resection and primary anastomosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Clinical features differentiating biliary atresia from other causes of neonatal cholestasis

Lee WS, Chai PF

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2010 Aug;39(8):648-54.

PMID: 20838708

INTRODUCTION: This study determined any clinical features which may help to differentiate biliary atresia (BA) from other causes of neonatal cholestasis (NC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective and observational study was conducted on consecutive infants with NC referred to the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, between November 1996 and May 2004.

RESULTS: The 3 most common causes of cholestasis among the 146 infants with NC studied were idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (n = 63, 43%), BA (n = 35, 24%) and congenital cytomegalovirus hepatitis (n = 13, 9%). Common clinical features at presentation were jaundice (100%), hepatomegaly (95%), splenomegaly (52%) and pale stools (47%). Three clinical features noted to be sensitive for BA were the presence of acholic or variably acholic stools on admission, a liver which was firm/hard in consistency and a palpable liver of ≥4 cm (sensitivity of 77%, 80% and 94%, respectively), but the corresponding specificity was poor (51%, 65% and 39%, respectively). The stools of 2 children with BA were pigmented initially but became acholic subsequently.

CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any single clinical feature with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to differentiate BA from other causes of NC. Repeated inspection of stools colour is necessary as occasionally, patients with BA may have initial pigmented stools. Biochemical assessment and imaging studies are important in the assessment of any infant with NC.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Effects of background noise on recording of portable transient-evoked otoacoustic emission in newborn hearing screening

Salina H, Abdullah A, Mukari SZ, Azmi MT

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2010 Apr;267(4):495-9.

PMID: 19727788 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-009-1080-y

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) is a well-established screening tool for universal newborn hearing screening. The aims of this study are to measure the effects of background noise on recording of TEOAE and the duration required to complete the test at various noise levels. This study is a prospective study from June 2006 until May 2007. The study population were newborns from postnatal wards who were delivered at term pregnancy. Newborns who were more than 8-h old and passed a hearing screening testing using screening auditory brainstem response (SABRe) were further tested with TEOAE in four different test environments [isolation room in the ward during non-peak hour (E1), isolation room in the ward during peak hour (E2), maternal bedside in the ward during non-peak hour (E3) and maternal bedside in the ward during peak hour (E4)]. This study showed that test environment significantly influenced the time required to complete testing in both ears with F [534.23] = 0.945; P < 0.001 on the right ear and F [636.54] = 0.954; P < 0.001 on the left. Our study revealed that TEOAE testing was efficient in defining the presence of normal hearing in our postnatal wards at maternal bedside during non-peak hour with a specificity of 96.8%. Our study concludes that background noise levels for acceptable and accurate TEOAE recording in newborns should not exceed 65 dB A. In addition, when using TEOAE assessment in noisy environments, the time taken to obtain accurate results will greatly increase.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext A structural equation model of the determinants of malnutrition among children in rural Kelantan, Malaysia

Cheah WL, Wan Muda WAM, Zamh ZH

Rural Remote Health, 2010;10(1):1248.

PMID: 20184392

Many studies had shown that poor growth in children is associated with malnutrition. The underlying factors are diverse, multisectoral and interrelated, ranging from biological to social, cultural and economically related. Because the highest levels of under-nutrition worldwide are found in South Asia, it is essential that policymakers in the region understand the underlying determinants, in order to design effective public health intervention programs. This is especially so if public resources are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine causal relationships among the biological, behavioural and environmental factors related to malnutrition in children aged 5 years and under.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Displaying publications 1301 - 1320 of 1801 in total