Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 1023 in total

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  1. Xanthorrhizol exhibits antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells via apoptosis induction
    Cheah YH, Azimahtol HL, Abdullah NR
    Anticancer Res, 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6B):4527-34.
    PMID: 17201174
    Xanthorrhizol is a natural sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb (Zingiberaceae). Xanthorrhizol was tested for a variety of important pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. An antiproliferation assay using the MTT method indicated that xanthorrhizol inhibited the proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, with an EC50 value of 1.71 microg/ml. Three parameters including annexin-V binding assay, Hoechst 33258 staining and accumulation of sub-G1 population in DNA histogram confirmed the apoptosis induction in response to xanthorrhizol treatment. Western-blotting revealed down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein expression. However, xanthorrhizol did not affect the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, bax, at a concentration of 1 microg/ml, 2.5 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml. The level of p53 was greatly increased, whilst PARP-1 was cleaved to 85 kDa subunits, following the treatment with xanthorrhizol at a dose-dependent manner. These results, thereby, suggest that xanthorrhizol has antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis through the modulation of bcl-2, p53 and PARP-1 protein levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
  2. Analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from multiple tissues of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
    Ho CL, Kwan YY, Choi MC, Tee SS, Ng WH, Lim KA, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2007;8:381.
    PMID: 17953740
    Oil palm is the second largest source of edible oil which contributes to approximately 20% of the world's production of oils and fats. In order to understand the molecular biology involved in in vitro propagation, flowering, efficient utilization of nitrogen sources and root diseases, we have initiated an expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis on oil palm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  3. Fulltext The relationship between metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis: a review
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    Nutrients, 2016 Jun 07;8(6).
    PMID: 27338453 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060347
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  4. Fulltext Network Analysis for the Identification of Differentially Expressed Hub Genes Using Myogenin Knock-down Muscle Satellite Cells
    Malik A, Lee EJ, Jan AT, Ahmad S, Cho KH, Kim J, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0133597.
    PMID: 26200109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133597
    Muscle, a multinucleate syncytium formed by the fusion of mononuclear myoblasts, arises from quiescent progenitors (satellite cells) via activation of muscle-specific transcription factors (MyoD, Myf5, myogenin: MYOG, and MRF4). Subsequent to a decline in Pax7, induction in the expression of MYOG is a hallmark of myoblasts that have entered the differentiation phase following cell cycle withdrawal. It is evident that MYOG function cannot be compensated by any other myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). Despite a plethora of information available regarding MYOG, the mechanism by which MYOG regulates muscle cell differentiation has not yet been identified. Using an RNA-Seq approach, analysis of MYOG knock-down muscle satellite cells (MSCs) have shown that genes associated with cell cycle and division, DNA replication, and phosphate metabolism are differentially expressed. By constructing an interaction network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using GeneMANIA, cadherin-associated protein (CTNNA2) was identified as the main hub gene in the network with highest node degree. Four functional clusters (modules or communities) were identified in the network and the functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes included in these clusters significantly contribute to skeletal muscle development. To confirm this finding, in vitro studies revealed increased expression of CTNNA2 in MSCs on day 12 compared to day 10. Expression of CTNNA2 was decreased in MYOG knock-down cells. However, knocking down CTNNA2, which leads to increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes (type I collagen α1 and type I collagen α2) along with myostatin (MSTN), was not found significantly affecting the expression of MYOG in C2C12 cells. We therefore propose that MYOG exerts its regulatory effects by acting upstream of CTNNA2, which in turn regulates the differentiation of C2C12 cells via interaction with ECM genes. Taken together, these findings highlight a new mechanism by which MYOG interacts with CTNNA2 in order to promote myoblast differentiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation*
  5. Fulltext Differential Gene Expression Reflects Morphological Characteristics and Physiological Processes in Rice Immunity against Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
    Azizi P, Rafii MY, Mahmood M, Abdullah SN, Hanafi MM, Nejat N, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0126188.
    PMID: 26001124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126188
    The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a serious pathogen that jeopardises the world's most important food-security crop. Ten common Malaysian rice varieties were examined for their morphological, physiological and genomic responses to this rice blast pathogen. qPCR quantification was used to assess the growth of the pathogen population in resistant and susceptible rice varieties. The chlorophyll content and photosynthesis were also measured to further understand the disruptive effects that M. oryzae has on infected plants of these varieties. Real-time PCR was used to explore the differential expression of eight blast resistance genes among the ten local varieties. Blast disease has destructive effects on the growth of rice, and the findings of our study provide evidence that the Pikh, Pi9, Pi21, and Osw45 genes are involved in defence responses in the leaves of Malaysian rice at 31 h after inoculation with M. oryzae pathotype P7.2. Both the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis were reduced, but the levels of Pikh gene expression remained constant in susceptible varieties, with a developed pathogen population and mild or severe symptoms. The Pi9, Pi21, and Osw45 genes, however, were simultaneously upregulated in infected rice plants. Therefore, the presence of the Pikh, Pi9, Pi21, and Osw45 genes in the germplasm is useful for improving the resistance of rice varieties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant*
  6. Comparative EST analyses provide insights into gene expression in two asexual developmental stages of Eimeria tenella
    Ng ST, Sanusi Jangi M, Shirley MW, Tomley FM, Wan KL
    Exp Parasitol, 2002 11 13;101(2-3):168-73.
    PMID: 12427472
    The protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella has a complex life cycle that includes two major asexual developmental stages, the merozoite and the sporozoite. The expressed sequence tag (EST) approach has been previously used to study gene expression of merozoites. We report here the generation and analysis of 556 ESTs from sporozoites. Comparative analyses of the two datasets reveal a number of transcripts that are preferentially expressed in a specific stage, including previously uncharacterised sequences. The data presented indicate the invaluable potential of the comparative EST analysis for providing information on gene expression patterns in the different developmental stages of E. tenella.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics*
  7. Fulltext Age-dependent electrocardiographic changes in Pgc-1β deficient murine hearts
    Ahmad S, Valli H, Salvage SC, Grace AA, Jeevaratnam K, Huang CL
    Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2018 02;45(2):174-186.
    PMID: 28949414 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12863
    Increasing evidence implicates chronic energetic dysfunction in human cardiac arrhythmias. Mitochondrial impairment through Pgc-1β knockout is known to produce a murine arrhythmic phenotype. However, the cumulative effect of this with advancing age and its electrocardiographic basis have not been previously studied. Young (12-16 weeks) and aged (>52 weeks), wild type (WT) (n = 5 and 8) and Pgc-1β-/- (n = 9 and 6), mice were anaesthetised and used for electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. Time intervals separating successive ECG deflections were analysed for differences between groups before and after β1-adrenergic (intraperitoneal dobutamine 3 mg/kg) challenge. Heart rates before dobutamine challenge were indistinguishable between groups. The Pgc-1β-/- genotype however displayed compromised nodal function in response to adrenergic challenge. This manifested as an impaired heart rate response suggesting a functional defect at the level of the sino-atrial node, and a negative dromotropic response suggesting an atrioventricular conduction defect. Incidences of the latter were most pronounced in the aged Pgc-1β-/- mice. Moreover, Pgc-1β-/- mice displayed electrocardiographic features consistent with the existence of a pro-arrhythmic substrate. Firstly, ventricular activation was prolonged in these mice consistent with slowed action potential conduction and is reported here for the first time. Additionally, Pgc-1β-/- mice had shorter repolarisation intervals. These were likely attributable to altered K+ conductance properties, ultimately resulting in a shortened QTc interval, which is also known to be associated with increased arrhythmic risk. ECG analysis thus yielded electrophysiological findings bearing on potential arrhythmogenicity in intact Pgc-1β-/- systems in widespread cardiac regions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  8. Fulltext Phylogeny and putative virulence gene analysis of Bartonella bovis
    Tay ST, Kho KL, Lye SF, Ngeow YF
    J Vet Med Sci, 2018 Apr 18;80(4):653-661.
    PMID: 29311425 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0448
    Bartonella bovis is a small Gram-negative bacterium recognized as an etiological agent for bacteremia and endocarditis in cattle. As few reports are available on the taxonomic position of B. bovis and its mechanism of virulence, this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of B. bovis and investigate putative virulence genes based on whole genome sequence analysis. Genome-wide comparisons based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and orthologous genes were performed in this study for phylogenetic inference of 27 Bartonella species. Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) analysis was used for annotation of putative virulence genes. The phylogenetic tree generated from the genome-wide comparison of orthologous genes exhibited a topology almost similar to that of the tree generated from SNP-based comparison, indicating a high concordance in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Bartonella spp. The analyses show consistent grouping of B. bovis in a cluster related to ruminant-associated species, including Bartonella australis, Bartonella melophagi and Bartonella schoenbuchensis. RAST analysis revealed genes encoding flagellar components, in corroboration with the observation of flagella-like structure of BbUM strain under negative straining. Genes associated with virulence, disease and defence, prophages, membrane transport, iron acquisition, motility and chemotaxis are annotated in B. bovis genome. The flagellin (flaA) gene of B. bovis is closely related to Bartonella bacilliformis and Bartonella clarridgeiae but distinct from other Gram-negative bacteria. The absence of type IV secretion systems, the bona fide pathogenicity factors of bartonellae, in B. bovis suggests that it may have a different mechanism of pathogenicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology
  9. Fulltext Comprehensive functional profiling of long non-coding RNAs through a novel pan-cancer integration approach and modular analysis of their protein-coding gene association networks
    Walters K, Sarsenov R, Too WS, Hare RK, Paterson IC, Lambert DW, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2019 Jun 03;20(1):454.
    PMID: 31159744 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5850-7
    BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of cellular processes in diseases such as cancer, although the functions of most remain poorly understood. To address this, here we apply a novel strategy to integrate gene expression profiles across 32 cancer types, and cluster human lncRNAs based on their pan-cancer protein-coding gene associations. By doing so, we derive 16 lncRNA modules whose unique properties allow simultaneous inference of function, disease specificity and regulation for over 800 lncRNAs.

    RESULTS: Remarkably, modules could be grouped into just four functional themes: transcription regulation, immunological, extracellular, and neurological, with module generation frequently driven by lncRNA tissue specificity. Notably, three modules associated with the extracellular matrix represented potential networks of lncRNAs regulating key events in tumour progression. These included a tumour-specific signature of 33 lncRNAs that may play a role in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through modulation of TGFβ signalling, and two stromal-specific modules comprising 26 lncRNAs linked to a tumour suppressive microenvironment and 12 lncRNAs related to cancer-associated fibroblasts. One member of the 12-lncRNA signature was experimentally supported by siRNA knockdown, which resulted in attenuated differentiation of quiescent fibroblasts to a cancer-associated phenotype.

    CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the study provides a unique pan-cancer perspective on the lncRNA functional landscape, acting as a global source of novel hypotheses on lncRNA contribution to tumour progression.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  10. A Rhythmic Gene Entrained to Midnight May Regulate Photoperiod-Controlled Flowering in Arabidopsis
    Yeang HY
    Yale J Biol Med, 2019 06;92(2):213-223.
    PMID: 31249482
    The widely held explanation for photoperiod-controlled flowering in long-day plants is largely embodied in the External Coincidence Hypothesis which posits that flowering is induced when activity of a rhythmic gene that regulates it (a putative "flowering gene") occurs in the presence of light. Nevertheless, re-examination of the Arabidopsis flowering data from non 24-hour cycles of Roden et al. suggests that External Coincidence is not tenable if the circadian rhythm of the "flowering gene" were entrained to sunrise as commonly accepted. On the other hand, the hypothesis is supported if circadian cycling of the gene conforms to a solar rhythm, and its entrainment is to midnight on the solar clock. Data available point to flowering being induced by the gene which peaks in its expression between 16 to 19 h after midnight. In the normal 24 h cycle, that would be between 4 p.m. and 7 p.m., regardless of the photoperiod. Such timing of the "flowering gene" expression allows for variable coincidence between gene activity and light, depending on the photoperiod and cycle period. A correlation is found between earliness of flowering and the degree of coincidence of "flowering gene" expression with light (r = 0.88, p<0.01).
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
  11. Changes of alternative splicing in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under different CO2 concentrations
    Huang W, Chen X, Guan Q, Zhong Z, Ma J, Yang B, et al.
    Gene, 2019 Mar 20;689:43-50.
    PMID: 30528270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.083
    Atmospheric CO2 level is one of the most important factors which affect plant growth and crop production. Although many crucial genes and pathways have been identified in response to atmospheric CO2 changes, the integrated and precise mechanisms of plant CO2 response are not well understood. Alternative splicing (AS) is an important gene regulation process that affects many biological processes in plants. However, the AS pattern changes in plants in response to elevated CO2 levels have not yet been investigated. Here, we used RNA-Seq data of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under different CO2 concentration to analyze the global changes in AS. We found that AS increased with the rise in CO2 concentration. Additionally, we identified 345 differentially expressed (DE) genes and 251 differentially alternative splicing (DAS) genes under the elevated CO2 condition. Moreover, the results showed that the expression of most of the DAS genes did not change significantly, indicating that AS can serve as an independent mechanism for gene regulation in response to elevated CO2. Furthermore, our analysis of function categories revealed that the DAS genes were associated mainly with the stimulus response. Overall, this the first study to explore the changes of AS in plants in response to elevated CO2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
  12. Novel SNPs in the SPAG11 gene and association with testicular biometric variables in Boer goats and application of the levelled-container technique
    Harighi MF, Wahid H, Thomson PC, Rafii MY, Jesse FFA
    Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2019 Sep;208:106113.
    PMID: 31405472 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106113
    Testicular volume (TV) is one of the most important traits used in evaluation of the reproductive capacity of male animals. The levelled-container used in the present study was found to be reliable instrument to measure TV, based on a water displacement method. Sperm-associated antigen 11 (SPAG11) is an important gene that affects male reproductive performance. An objective of the present study, therefore, was to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a fragment of the SPAG11 gene could be used to determine associations with values of testicular biometric variables in Boer goats. Primers were designed to amplify the full length of the first two exons of SPAG11. The targeted fragment was generated using a molecular cloning technique. As the result, four SNPs, [g.1256A > G(ss19199134542), g.1270C > T(ss19199134541), g.1325A > G(ss19199134540) and g.1327 G > A (ss19199134543)], were detected using a single-base extension (SBE) method. Two of these SNPs were synonymous (ss19199134540 and ss19199134542). The other two SNPs were nonsynonymous, thus, there were changes in amino acid in the resulting protein: threonine to isoleucine (for ss19199134541) and arginine to glutamine (for ss19199134543). The SNP ss19199134543 was the only locus detected that was associated with TV (P = 0.002). None of the testes dimensions nor TW were associated with detected SPAG11 gene SNPs. Most likely, the ss19199134543 locus affects tissue structures adjacent to the testes, causing the change in TV. In conclusion, among the studied testicular biometric variables, TV had the greatest potential for preselecting of bucks with desirable semen quality. The use of the levelled-container as a TV measurement approach was an accurate and reliable method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  13. Fulltext Regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis by miRNA in Persicaria minor induced by Fusarium oxysporum
    Samad AFA, Rahnamaie-Tajadod R, Sajad M, Jani J, Murad AMA, Noor NM, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2019 07 16;20(1):586.
    PMID: 31311515 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5954-0
    BACKGROUND: Persicaria minor (kesum) is an herbaceous plant with a high level of secondary metabolite compounds, particularly terpenoids. These terpenoid compounds have well-established roles in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Although the terpenoids of P. minor have been studied thoroughly, the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in terpenoid regulation remains poorly understood and needs to be explored. In this study, P. minor plants were inoculated with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum for terpenoid induction.

    RESULT: SPME GC-MS analysis showed the highest terpenoid accumulation on the 6th day post-inoculation (dpi) compared to the other treatment time points (0 dpi, 3 dpi, and 9 dpi). Among the increased terpenoid compounds, α-cedrene, valencene and β-bisabolene were prominent. P. minor inoculated for 6 days was selected for miRNA library construction using next generation sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis showed that 58 miRNAs belonging to 30 families had significantly altered regulation.
    Among these 58 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 27 [corrected] miRNAs were upregulated, whereas 31 [corrected] miRNAs were downregulated. Two putative novel pre-miRNAs were identified and validated through reverse transcriptase PCR. Prediction of target transcripts potentially involved in the mevalonate pathway (MVA) was carried out by psRobot software, resulting in four miRNAs: pmi-miR530, pmi-miR6173, pmi-miR6300 and a novel miRNA, pmi-Nov_13. In addition, two miRNAs, miR396a and miR398f/g, were predicted to have their target transcripts in the non-mevalonate pathway (MEP). In addition, a novel miRNA, pmi-Nov_12, was identified to have a target gene involved in green leaf volatile (GLV) biosynthesis. RT-qPCR analysis showed that pmi-miR6173, pmi-miR6300 and pmi-nov_13 were downregulated, while miR396a and miR398f/g were upregulated. Pmi-miR530 showed upregulation at 9 dpi, and dynamic expression was observed for pmi-nov_12. Pmi-6300 and pmi-miR396a cleavage sites were detected through degradome sequence analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between miRNA metabolites and mRNA metabolites was validated using correlation analysis.

    CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that six studied miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate terpenoid biosynthesis in P. minor. This regulatory behaviour of miRNAs has potential as a genetic tool to regulate terpenoid biosynthesis in P. minor.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant*
  14. Topologically significant directed random walk with applied walker network in cancer environment
    Seah CS, Kasim S, Saedudin RR, Md Fudzee MF, Mohamad MS, Hassan R, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019 May;32(3 Special):1395-1408.
    PMID: 31551221
    Numerous cancer studies have combined different datasets for the prognosis of patients. This study incorporated four networks for significant directed random walk (sDRW) to predict cancerous genes and risk pathways. The study investigated the feasibility of cancer prediction via different networks. In this study, multiple micro array data were analysed and used in the experiment. Six gene expression datasets were applied in four networks to study the effectiveness of the networks in sDRW in terms of cancer prediction. The experimental results showed that one of the proposed networks is outstanding compared to other networks. The network is then proposed to be implemented in sDRW as a walker network. This study provides a foundation for further studies and research on other networks. We hope these finding will improve the prognostic methods of cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  15. Molecular cloning and expression of five glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes from Banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group, cv. Cavendish)
    Wang Z, Huang S, Jia C, Liu J, Zhang J, Xu B, et al.
    Plant Cell Rep, 2013 Sep;32(9):1373-80.
    PMID: 23652818 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1449-7
    KEY MESSAGE: Three tau class MaGSTs responded to abiotic stress, MaGSTF1 and MaGSTL1 responded to signaling molecules, they may play an important role in the growth of banana plantlet. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including stress responses. In this study, we report the molecular characteristics of five GST genes (MaGSTU1, MaGSTU2, MaGSTU3, MaGSTF1 and MaGSTL1) cloned from banana (Musa acuminate L. AAA group, cv. Cavendish) using a RACE-PCR-based strategy. The predicted molecular masses of these GSTs range from 23.4 to 27.7 kDa and their pIs are acidic. At the amino acid level, they share high sequence similarity with GSTs in the banana DH-Pahang (AA group) genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequences of MaGSTs also have high similarity to GSTs of other plant species. Expression analysis by semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that these genes are differentially expressed in various tissues. In addition, their expression is regulated by various stress conditions, including exposure to signaling molecules, cold, salinity, drought and Fusarium oxysporum f specialis(f. Sp) cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) infection. The expression of the tau class MaGSTs (MaGSTU1, MaGSTU2 and MaGSTU3) mainly responded to cold, salinity and drought while MaGSTF1 and MaGSTL1 expressions were upregulated by signaling molecules. Our findings suggest that MaGSTs play a key role in both development and abiotic stress responses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  16. Fulltext Annexin A1: A Bane or a Boon in Cancer? A Systematic Review
    Ganesan T, Sinniah A, Ibrahim ZA, Chik Z, Alshawsh MA
    Molecules, 2020 Aug 14;25(16).
    PMID: 32823805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163700
    Annexin A1 has been extensively investigated as an anti-inflammatory protein, but its role in different types of cancer has not been consolidated in a single systematic review to date. Thus, the aim of this paper is to systematically review and critically analyse 18 studies (in-vivo and in-vitro) to consolidate, in a concerted manner, all the information on differential expression of Annexin A1 in different types of cancer and the role this protein plays in tumorigenesis. Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were used for the literature search and the keywords used are "annexin A1," "lipocortin 1," "cancer," "malignancy," "neoplasm," "neoplasia," and "tumor." A total of 1128 articles were retrieved by implementing a standard search strategy subjected to meticulous screening processes and 442 articles were selected for full article screening. A total of 18 articles that adhered to the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review and these articles possessed low to moderate bias. These studies showed a strong correlation between Annexin A1 expression and cancer progression via modulation of various cancer-associated pathways. Differential expression of Annexin A1 is shown to play a role in cellular proliferation, metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and development of resistance to anti-cancer treatment. Meta-analysis in the future may provide a statistically driven association between Annexin A1 expression and malignancy progression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  17. Identification of genes involved in the regulation of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide-induced toxicity in T-47D mammary cells
    Tan ML, Tan HK, Oon CE, Kuroyanagi M, Muhammad TS
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2012 Feb;50(2):431-44.
    PMID: 22101062 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.001
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide is one of the principle compounds of the medicinal plant, Andrographis paniculata Nees. This study explored the mechanisms of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide-induced toxicity and non-apoptotic cell death in T-47D breast carcinoma cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide exerted its cytotoxic effects by regulating genes that inhibit the cell cycle or promote cell cycle arrest. This compound regulated genes that are known to reduce/inhibit cell proliferation, induce growth arrest and suppress cell growth. The growth suppression activities of this compound were demonstrated by a downregulation of several genes normally found to be over-expressed in cancers. Microscopic analysis revealed positive monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining at 8h, indicating possible autophagosomes. TEM analysis revealed that the treated cells were highly vacuolated, thereby suggesting that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide may cause autophagic morphology in these cells. This morphology may be correlated with the concurrent expression of genes known to affect lysosomal activity, ion transport, protein degradation and vesicle transport. Interestingly, some apoptotic-like bodies were found, and these bodies contained multiple large vacuoles, suggesting that this compound is capable of eliciting a combination of apoptotic and autophagic-like morphological characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects*
  18. Fulltext IL-36 Promotes Systemic IFN-I Responses in Severe Forms of Psoriasis
    Catapano M, Vergnano M, Romano M, Mahil SK, Choon SE, Burden AD, et al.
    J Invest Dermatol, 2020 04;140(4):816-826.e3.
    PMID: 31539532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.444
    Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disorder associated with severe systemic comorbidities. Whereas IL-36 is a key disease driver, the pathogenic role of this cytokine has mainly been investigated in skin. Thus, its effects on systemic immunity and extracutaneous disease manifestations remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the consequences of excessive IL-36 activity in circulating immune cells. We initially focused our attention on generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a clinical variant associated with pervasive upregulation of IL-36 signaling. By undertaking blood and neutrophil RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that affected individuals display a prominent IFN-I signature, which correlates with abnormal IL-36 activity. We then validated the association between IL-36 deregulation and IFN-I over-expression in patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris (PV). We also found that the activation of IFN-I genes was associated with extracutaneous morbidity, in both GPP and PV. Finally, we undertook mechanistic experiments, demonstrating that IL-36 acts directly on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, where it potentiates toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 activation and IFN-α production. This effect was mediated by the upregulation of PLSCR1, a phospholipid scramblase mediating endosomal TLR-9 translocation. These findings identify an IL-36/ IFN-I axis contributing to extracutaneous inflammation in psoriasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation*
  19. Protein-Protein Interactions of Phosphodiesterases
    Al-Nema MY, Gaurav A
    Curr Top Med Chem, 2019;19(7):555-564.
    PMID: 30931862 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190401113803
    BACKGROUND: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that play a key role in terminating cyclic nucleotides signalling by catalysing the hydrolysis of 3', 5'- cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or 3', 5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the second messengers within the cell that transport the signals produced by extracellular signalling molecules which are unable to get into the cells. However, PDEs are proteins which do not operate alone but in complexes that made up of a many proteins.

    OBJECTIVE: This review highlights some of the general characteristics of PDEs and focuses mainly on the Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) of selected PDE enzymes. The objective is to review the role of PPIs in the specific mechanism for activation and thereby regulation of certain biological functions of PDEs.

    METHODS: The article discusses some of the PPIs of selected PDEs as reported in recent scientific literature. These interactions are critical for understanding the biological role of the target PDE.

    RESULTS: The PPIs have shown that each PDE has a specific mechanism for activation and thereby regulation a certain biological function.

    CONCLUSION: Targeting of PDEs to specific regions of the cell is based on the interaction with other proteins where each PDE enzyme binds with specific protein(s) via PPIs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology*
  20. The critical region for viral RNA encapsidation in leader promoter of Nipah virus
    Pong LY, Rabu A, Ibrahim N
    Mol Genet Genomics, 2020 Nov;295(6):1501-1516.
    PMID: 32767127 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01716-3
    Encapsidation by nucleocapsid (N) protein is crucial for viral RNA to serve as a functional template for virus replication. However, the potential region that is vital for RNA encapsidation of Nipah virus (NiV) is still unknown. Thus, this study was aimed to identify these regions using a NiV minireplicon system. A series of broad range internal deletion mutations was generated in the 5' non-translated region (NTR) of the N gene mRNA region of NiV leader promoter via site-directed overlapping PCR-mediated mutagenesis. The mutation effects on synthesis and encapsidation of antigenome RNA, transcription, and RNA binding affinity of N protein were evaluated. The deletions of nucleotides 73-108, 79-108, and 85-108 from NiV leader promoter inhibited the encapsidation of antigenome RNA, while the deletion of nucleotides 103-108 suppressed the synthesis and encapsidation of antigenome RNA, implying that these regions are required for genome replication. Surprisingly, none of the mutations had detrimental effect on viral transcription. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, the binding of NiV N protein to genome or antigenome RNA transcript lacking of nucleotides 73-108 was found to be suppressed. Additionally, in silico analysis on secondary structure of genome RNA further supported the plausible cause of inefficient encapsidation of antigenome RNA by the loss of encapsidation signal in genome template. In conclusion, this study suggests that the nucleotides 73-90 within 5' NTR of the N gene mRNA region in NiV leader promoter contain cis-acting RNA element that is important for efficient encapsidation of antigenome RNA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation, Viral*
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