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Enhanced adsorption-photodegradation of tetracycline using Ce-N-co-doped AC/TiO2 photocatalyst: isotherms, kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamic insight

Rahman NAAA, Khasri A, Salleh NHM, Jamir MRM

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Oct;31(49):59398-59415.
PMID: 39354260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34948-6

Excessive use of tetracycline (TC) is alarming owing to its increased detection in water systems. In this study, a photocatalyst was developed to degrade TC using a Ce-N-co-doped AC/TiO2 photocatalyst, denoted as Ce/N-AC/TiO2, prepared using the sol-gel method assisted by microwave radiation, speeding up the synthesis process. Ce/N-AC/TiO2 achieved maximum TC degradation of 93.1% under UV light with optimum sorption system conditions of an initial concentration of 10 mg L-1, pH 7, and 30 ℃, under 120 min. Scavenger experiments revealed that holes and superoxide radicals were the active species influencing the photodegradation process. The TC degradation was appropriately fitted with Langmuir isotherms and a pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) (2.43 kJ mol-1), entropy (ΔS) (0.024 kJ mol-1), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) (- 4.941 to - 5.802 kJ mol-1) suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous, favourable, and endothermic. Electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, pore-filling, cationic-π, n-π, and π-π interaction were among the interactions involved between TC and Ce/N-AC/TiO2. Furthermore, Ce/N-AC/TiO2 stability was confirmed through 80% removal efficiency even after the fifth reuse cycle. Notably, this work provides new insight into the production of efficient, reusable, and enhanced photocatalysts using a rapid and cost-effective microwave-assisted synthesis process for pollutant remediation.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
Impact of biological filtrations for organic micropollutants and polyfluoroalkyl substances removal from secondary effluent

Pramanik BK, Pramanik SK, Suja F

Environ Technol, 2016 Aug;37(15):1857-64.
PMID: 26695189 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1134677

The impact of biological activated carbon (BAC), sand filtration (SF) and biological aerated filter (BAF) for removal of the selected organic micropollutants and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from secondary effluent was studied. BAC led to greater removal of dissolved organic carbon (43%) than BAF (30%) which in turn was greater than SF (24%). All biological filtration systems could effectively remove most of the selected organic micropollutants, and there was a greater removal of these micropollutants by BAC (76-98%) than BAF (70-92%) or SF (68-90%). It was found that all treatment was effective for removal of the hydrophobic (log D > 3.2) and readily biodegradable organic micropollutants. The major mechanism for the removal of these molecules was biodegradation by the micro-organism and sorption by the biofilm. Compared to organic micropollutants removal, there was a lower removal of PFASs by all treatments, and BAF and SF had a considerably lower removal than BAC treatment. The better removal for all molecule types by BAC was due to additional adsorption capacity by the activated carbon. This study demonstrated that the BAC process was most effective in removing organic micropollutants present in the secondary effluent.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium bifermentans Strain WYM, a Promising Biohydrogen Producer Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge

Wong YM, Juan JC, Gan HM, Austin CM

Genome Announc, 2014;2(2).
PMID: 24604639 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00077-14

Clostridium bifermentans strain WYM is an effective biohydrogen producer isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the metabolic pathways involved in efficient biohydrogen production.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical
Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium perfringens Strain JJC, a Highly Efficient Hydrogen Producer Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge

Wong YM, Juan JC, Gan HM, Austin CM

Genome Announc, 2014;2(2).
PMID: 24604637 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00064-14

Clostridium perfringens strain JJC is an effective biohydrogen and biochemical producer that was isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the gene interactions involved in efficient biohydrogen production.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical
Contamination, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the water environment: a review paper

Suja F, Pramanik BK, Zain SM

Water Sci Technol, 2009;60(6):1533-44.
PMID: 19759456 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.504

Perfluorinated compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants because of their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment, biota and humans. The paper focuses on the distribution, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA in the water. From the available literature, tap and surface water samples in several countries were found to be contaminated with PFOS and PFOA. These compounds were detected globally in the tissues of fish, bird and marine mammals. Their concentrations from relatively more industrialized areas were greater than those from the less populated and remote locations. Blood samples of occupationally exposed people and the general population in various countries were found to contain PFOS and PFOA which suggested a possibility of atmospheric transport of these compounds. There is still a death of information about the environmental pathways of PFOS and PFOA. The presence of these compounds in the tap water, surface water and animal and human tissues indicates their global contamination and bioaccumulative phenomena in the ecosystems.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/blood; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*
A review of polymer nanofibres by electrospinning and their application in oil-water separation for cleaning up marine oil spills

Sarbatly R, Krishnaiah D, Kamin Z

Mar Pollut Bull, 2016 May 15;106(1-2):8-16.
PMID: 27016959 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.037

The growths of oil and gas exploration and production activities have increased environmental problems, such as oil spillage and the resulting pollution. The study of the methods for cleaning up oil spills is a critical issue to protect the environment. Various techniques are available to contain oil spills, but they are typically time consuming, energy inefficient and create secondary pollution. The use of a sorbent, such as a nanofibre sorbent, is a technique for controlling oil spills because of its good physical and oil sorption properties. This review discusses about the application of nanofibre sorbent for oil removal from water and its current developments. With their unique physical and mechanical properties coupled with their very high surface area and small pore sizes, nanofibre sorbents are alternative materials for cleaning up oil spills.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical
Organochlorine pesticide residues in rice paddies in Malaysia, 1981

Meier PG, Fook DC, Lagler KF

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1983 Mar;30(3):351-7.
PMID: 6850121
Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants/analysis*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*
Fulltext Optimal reduction of chemical oxygen demand and NH3-N from landfill leachate using a strongly resistant novel Bacillus salmalaya strain

Dadrasnia A, Azirun MS, Ismail SB

BMC Biotechnol, 2017 Nov 28;17(1):85.
PMID: 29179747 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0395-9

BACKGROUND: When the unavoidable waste generation is considered as damaging to our environment, it becomes crucial to develop a sustainable technology to remediate the pollutant source towards an environmental protection and safety. The development of a bioengineering technology for highly efficient pollutant removal is this regard. Given the high ammonia nitrogen content and chemical oxygen demand of landfill leachate, Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI, a novel resident strain microbe that can survive in high ammonia nitrogen concentrations, was investigated for the bioremoval of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate. The treatability of landfill leachate was evaluated under different treatment parameters, such as temperature, inoculum dosage, and pH.
RESULTS: Results demonstrated that bioaugmentation with the novel strain can potentially improve the biodegradability of landfill leachate. B. salmalaya strain 139SI showed high potential to enhance biological treatment given its maximum NH3-N and COD removal efficiencies. The response surface plot pattern indicated that within 11 days and under optimum conditions (10% v/v inoculant, pH 6, and 35 °C), B. salmalaya strain139SI removed 78% of ammonia nitrogen. At the end of the study, biological and chemical oxygen demands remarkably decreased by 88% and 91.4%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that ammonia ions covered the cell surface of B. salmalaya strain139SI.
CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, novel resistant Bacillus salmalaya strain139SI significantly reduces the chemical oxygen demand and NH3-N content of landfill leachate. Leachate treatment by B. salmalaya strain 139SI within 11 days.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
Online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging for separation of endocrine disrupting chemical and phenolic pollutants in water samples

Abdul Karim N', Wan Ibrahim WA, Sanagi MM, Abdul Keyon AS

Electrophoresis, 2016 10;37(20):2649-2656.
PMID: 27434368 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600207

Online preconcentration using electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) was proposed to enhance the sensitivity of separation for endocrine disrupting chemical (methylparaben (MP)) and phenolic pollutants (2-nitrophenol (NP) and 4-chlorophenol (CP)) in water sample. Important EKS and separation conditions such as the concentration of BGE; the choice of terminating electrolyte (TE); and the injection time of leading electrolyte (LE), sample, and TE were optimized. The optimum EKS-CE conditions were as follows: BGE comprising of 12 mM sodium tetraborate pH 10.1, 100 mM sodium chloride as LE hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 30 s, electrokinetic injection (EKI) of sample at -3 kV for 200 s, and 100 mM CHES as TE hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 40 s. The separation was conducted at negative polarity mode and UV detection at 214 nm. Under these conditions, the sensitivity of analytes was enhanced from 100- to 737-fold as compared to normal CZE with hydrodynamic injection, giving LOD of 4.89, 5.29, and 53 μg/L for MP, NP and CP, respectively. The LODs were adequate for the analysis of NP and CP in environmental water sample having concentration at or lower than their maximum admissible concentration limit (240 and 2000 μg/L for NP and CP). The LOD of MP can be suitable for the analysis of MP exists at mid-microgram per liter level, even though the LOD was slightly higher than the concentration usually found in water samples (from ng/L to 1 μg/L). The method repeatabilities (%RSD) were in the range of 1.07-2.39% (migration time) and 8.28-14.0% (peak area).

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
Effect of food preparation using naturally-contaminated groundwater from La Pampa, Argentina: Estimation of elemental dietary intake from rice and drinking water

Jaafar M, Marcilla AL, Felipe-Sotelo M, Ward NI

Food Chem, 2018 Apr 25;246:258-265.
PMID: 29291847 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.019

Water from La Pampa, Argentina, was used for washing and cooking rice to examine the in-situ impact of using naturally-contaminated water for food preparation on the elemental dietary intake. Whilst washing with the control tap water (28 μg/L As) reduced the concentration of As in rice by 23%, the use of different well waters (281-1144 μg/L) increased As levels significantly (48-227%) in comparison with the original concentration in the rice (0.056 µg/g). Cooking the rice at a low water-to-rice ratio (2:1) using modern methods increased the levels of As in the cooked samples by 2-3 orders of magnitude for both pre-washed and un-washed rice. Similar trends were observed for vanadium. Although the levels of manganese, iron, copper, zinc and molybdenum in rice were reduced during washing and cooking for most water samples, the molybdenum concentration in the cooked rice doubled (2.2-2.9 µg/g) when using water containing >1 mg/L Mo.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants/analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Biodecolorization of recalcitrant dye as the sole sourceof nutrition using Curvularia clavata NZ2 and decolorization ability of its crude enzymes

Neoh CH, Lam CY, Lim CK, Yahya A, Bay HH, Ibrahim Z, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2015 Aug;22(15):11669-78.
PMID: 25850745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4436-4

Extensive use of recalcitrant azo dyes in textile and paper industries poses a direct threat to the environment due to the carcinogenicity of their degradation products. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Curvularia clavata NZ2 in decolorization of azo dyes. The ability of the fungus to decolorize azo dyes can be evaluated as an important outcome as existing effluent treatment is unable to remove the dyes effectively. C. clavata has the ability to decolorize Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Acid Orange 7 (AO7), and Congo Red azo dyes, utilizing these as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the extracted RB5's metabolites along with desorption tests confirmed that the decolorization process occurred due to degradation and not merely by adsorption. Enzyme activities of extracellular enzymes such as carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase (MnP) were also detected during the decolorization process. Toxicity expressed as inhibition of germination was reduced significantly in fungal-treated azo dye solution when compared with the control. The cultivation of C. clavata under sequential batch system also recorded a decolorization efficiency of above 90%. The crude enzyme secreted by C. clavata also showed excellent ability to decolorize RB5 solutions with concentrations of 100 ppm (88-92%) and 1000 ppm (70-77%) without redox mediator. This proved that extracellular enzymes produced by C. clavata played a major role in decolorization of RB5.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
Ammoniacal nitrogen and COD removal from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using a composite adsorbent: fixed bed column adsorption performance

Halim AA, Aziz HA, Johari MA, Ariffin KS, Adlan MN

J Hazard Mater, 2010 Mar 15;175(1-3):960-4.
PMID: 19945216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.103

The performance of a carbon-mineral composite adsorbent used in a fixed bed column for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and aggregate organic pollutant (COD), which are commonly found in landfill leachate, was evaluated. The breakthrough capacities for ammoniacal nitrogen and COD adsorption were 4.46 and 3.23 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, the optimum empty bed contact time (EBCT) was 75 min. The column efficiency for ammoniacal nitrogen and COD adsorption using fresh adsorbent was 86.4% and 92.6%, respectively, and these values increased to 90.0% and 93.7%, respectively, after the regeneration process.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants/isolation & purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
Temporal and spatial changes in persistent organic pollutants in Vietnamese coastal waters detected from plastic resin pellets

Le DQ, Takada H, Yamashita R, Mizukawa K, Hosoda J, Tuyet DA

Mar Pollut Bull, 2016 Aug 15;109(1):320-324.
PMID: 27262498 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.063

Plastic resin pellets collected at Minh Chau island and Ba Lat estuary between 2007 and 2014 in Vietnam were analyzed for dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The study was carried out as part of the International Pellet Watch program for monitoring the global distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Higher levels of DDTs compared to PCBs indicated agricultural inputs rather than industrial discharges in the region. Most POP concentrations on both beaches decreased over the period, with the exception of HCH isomers. Though the concentration of DDTs showed a drastic decline on both beaches between 2007/2008 and 2014, DDTs accounted for 60-80% of total DDTs, suggesting that there is still a fresh input of these chemicals in the region. This study strongly recommends further investigations to track temporal and spatial patterns of POP levels in the marine environment using plastic resin pellets.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*
Mercury contamination in the estuaries and coastal sediments of the Strait of Malacca

Looi LJ, Aris AZ, Yusoff FM, Hashim Z

Environ Monit Assess, 2015 Jan;187(1):4099.
PMID: 25380712 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4099-5

Sediment is a great indicator for assessing coastal mercury contamination. This work profiled the magnitude of mercury pollution in the tropical estuaries and coastal sediments of the Strait of Malacca. Mercury was extracted through the ultrasound-assisted mercury extraction method and analyzed using the flow injection mercury system. The mean concentration of mercury in the sediment samples was 61.43 ± 23.25 μg/kg, ranging from 16.55 ± 0.61 to 114.02 ± 1.54 μg/kg. Geoaccumulation index revealed that a total of 13% of sampling sites were moderately enriched with mercury. The northern part of the Strait of Malacca had the highest mean mercury (Hg) concentration (76.36 ± 27.25 μg/kg), followed by the southern (64.59 ± 16.09 μg/kg) and central (39.33 ± 12.91 μg/kg) parts. Sediment mercury concentration in the current study was lower than other regions like Japan, China, Indian, east Mediterranean, and Taiwan. When compared to the Canadian interim marine and freshwater sediment, China's soil interim environmental guidelines, mercury contamination in the Strait of Malacca was found to be below these permissible limits. Sediment organic matter content was found to have significant correlation with sediment mercury concentration. This study could provide the latest benchmark of mercury pollution and prove beneficial to future pollution studies in relation to monitoring works in tropical estuaries and coastal sediments.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*
Fulltext Comparison of selected metals content in Cambodian striped snakehead fish (Channa striata) using solar drying system and open sun drying

Basri DF, Abu Bakar NF, Fudholi A, Ruslan MH, Saroeun I

J Environ Public Health, 2015;2015:470968.
PMID: 25688274 DOI: 10.1155/2015/470968

The content of 12 elements in Cambodian dried striped snakehead fish was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The present study compares the level of the trace toxic metals and nutritional trace elements in the fish processed using solar drying system (SDS) and open sun drying (OSD). The skin of SDS fish has lower level of As, Pb, and Cd compared to the OSD sample. As such, the flesh of the fish accumulated higher amount of toxic metals during OSD compared to SDS. However, arsenic was detected in both samples within the safe limit. The nutritional elements (Fe, Mn, Mg, Se, Mo, Cu, Ni, and Cr) were higher in the skin sample SDS fish compared to OSD fish. These beneficial metals were not accumulated in the flesh sample SDS fish demonstrating lower level compared to drying under conventional system. The reddish coloration of the SDS fish was due to the presence of high Cu content in both the skin and flesh samples which possibly account for no mold formation 5 days after packaging. As conclusion, drying of Cambodian C. striata using solar-assisted system has proven higher content of the nutritious elements compared to using the conventional system despite only slight difference in the toxic metals level between the two systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*
Heavy metal concentrations in fishes from Juru River, estimation of the health risk

Idriss AA, Ahmad AK

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2015 Feb;94(2):204-8.
PMID: 25564001 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1452-x

This study examined the concentration of heavy metals in 13 fish species. The results indicated that shellfish species (clams) have the highest metal concentrations, followed by demersal and pelagic fishes. The mean concentration of metals in clams are Zn 88.74 ± 11.98 µg/g, Cu 4.96 ± 1.06 µg/g, Pb 1.22 ± 0.19 µg/g, Cd 0.34 ± 0.04 µg/g dry wt. basis, whereas the same measure in fish tissues was 58.04 ± 18.51, 2.47 ± 1.21, 0.58 ± 0.27 and 0.17 ± 0.08 µg/g dry wt. basis. The concentrations of heavy metals in clams and fish tissues were still lower than the maximum allowable concentrations as suggested by the Malaysian Food Act (1983) and are considered safe for local human consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry*
Esterified sago waste for engine oil removal in aqueous environment

Ngaini Z, Noh F, Wahi R

Environ Technol, 2014 Nov-Dec;35(21-24):2761-6.
PMID: 25176478 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.920051

Agro-waste from the bark of Metroxylon sagu (sago) was studied as a low cost and effective oil sorbent in dry and aqueous environments. Sorption study was conducted using untreated sago bark (SB) and esterified sago bark (ESB) in used engine oil. Characterization study showed that esterification has successfully improved the hydrophobicity, buoyancy, surface roughness and oil sorption capacity of ESB. Sorption study revealed that water uptake of SB is higher (30 min static: 2.46 g/g, dynamic: 2.67 g/g) compared with ESB (30 min static: 0.18 g/g, dynamic: 0.14 g/g). ESB, however, showed higher oil sorption capacity in aqueous environment (30 min static: 2.30 g/g, dynamic: 2.14) compared with SB (30 min static: 0 g/g, dynamic: 0 g/g). ESB has shown great poTENTial as effective oil sorbent in aqueous environment due to its high oil sorption capacity, low water uptake and high buoyancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry*
Prediction analysis of effluent removal in a septic sludge treatment plant: a biomimetics engineering approach

Chun TS, Malek MA, Ismail AR

Environ Sci Process Impacts, 2014 Sep 20;16(9):2208-14.
PMID: 25005632 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00282b

Effluent discharge from septic tanks is affecting the environment in developing countries. The most challenging issue facing these countries is the cost of inadequate sanitation, which includes significant economic, social, and environmental burdens. Although most sanitation facilities are evaluated based on their immediate costs and benefits, their long-term performance should also be investigated. In this study, effluent quality-namely, the biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solid (TSS)-was assessed using a biomimetics engineering approach. A novel immune network algorithm (INA) approach was applied to a septic sludge treatment plant (SSTP) for effluent-removal predictive modelling. The Matang SSTP in the city of Kuching, Sarawak, on the island of Borneo, was selected as a case study. Monthly effluent discharges from 2007 to 2011 were used for training, validating, and testing purposes using MATLAB 7.10. The results showed that the BOD effluent-discharge prediction was less than 50% of the specified standard after the 97(th) month of operation. The COD and TSS effluent removals were simulated at the 85(th) and the 121(st) months, respectively. The study proved that the proposed INA-based SSTP model could be used to achieve an effective SSTP assessment and management technique.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants/analysis
Composition of dissolved organic nitrogen in rivers associated with wetlands

Watanabe A, Tsutsuki K, Inoue Y, Maie N, Melling L, Jaffé R

Sci Total Environ, 2014 Sep 15;493:220-8.
PMID: 24946034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.095

As basic information for assessing reactivity and functionality of wetland-associated dissolved organic matter (DOM) based on their composition and structural properties, chemical characteristics of N in ultrafiltered DOM (UDON; >1 kD) isolated from wetland-associated rivers in three climates (cool-temperate, Hokkaido, Japan; sub-tropical, Florida, USA; tropical, Sarawak, Malaysia) were investigated. The UDON was isolated during dry and wet seasons, or during spring, summer, and autumn. The proportion of UDON present as humic substances, which was estimated as the DAX-8 adsorbed fraction, ranged from 47 to 91%, with larger values in the Sarawak than at the other sites. The yield of hydrolyzable amino acid N ranged 1.24 to 7.01 mg g(-1), which correlated positively to the total N content of UDOM and tended to be larger in the order of Florida>Hokkaido>Sarawak samples. X-ray photoelectron N1s spectra of UDON showed a strong negative correlation between the relative abundances of amide/peptide N and primary amine N. The relative abundances of amide/peptide N and primary amine N in the Sarawak samples were smaller (70-76%) and larger (20-23%) respectively compared to those (80-88% and 4-9%) in the Florida and Hokkaido samples. Assuming terminal amino groups and amide N of peptides as major constituents of primary amine N and amide/peptide N, respectively, the average molecular weight of peptides was smaller in the Sarawak samples than that in the Florida and Hokkaido samples. Seasonal variations in UDON composition were scarce in the Sarawak and Florida samples, whereas the distribution of humic substance-N and nonhumic substance-N and compositions of amino acids and N functional groups showed a clear seasonality in the Hokkaido samples. While aromatic N increased from spring to autumn, contributions from fresh proteinaceous materials were also enhanced during autumn, resulting in the highest N content of UDOM for this season.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*
Optimized conditions for phytoremediation of diesel by Scirpus grossus in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCWs) using response surface methodology

Al-Baldawi IA, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Abu Hasan H, Suja F, Anuar N, Mushrifah I

J Environ Manage, 2014 Jul 1;140:152-9.
PMID: 24762527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.007

This study investigated the optimum conditions for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from diesel-contaminated water using phytoremediation treatment with Scirpus grossus. In addition, TPH removal from sand was adopted as a second response. The optimum conditions for maximum TPH removal were determined through a Box-Behnken Design. Three operational variables, i.e. diesel concentration (0.1, 0.175, 0.25% Vdiesel/Vwater), aeration rate (0, 1 and 2 L/min) and retention time (14, 43 and 72 days), were investigated by setting TPH removal and diesel concentration as the maximum, retention time within the given range, and aeration rate as the minimum. The optimum conditions were found to be a diesel concentration of 0.25% (Vdiesel/Vwater), a retention time of 63 days and no aeration with an estimated maximum TPH removal from water and sand of 76.3 and 56.5%, respectively. From a validation test of the optimum conditions, it was found that the maximum TPH removal from contaminated water and sand was 72.5 and 59%, respectively, which was a 5 and 4.4% deviation from the values given by the Box-Behnken Design, providing evidence that S. grossus is a Malaysian native plant that can be used to remediate wastewater containing hydrocarbons.

Matched MeSH terms: Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism*

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