Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 166 in total

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  1. Goh KL, Peh SC, Wong NW, Parasakthi N, Puthucheary SD
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1990 5 1;5(3):277-80.
    PMID: 2103410
    Over a 15-month period, 399 patients with dyspepsia were investigated for the presence of Campylobacter pylori infection. Half of the patients (50.6%) had Campylobacter organisms in the antrum of the stomach. C. pylori was found in 96.1% of patients with histological changes of chronic active gastritis in the antrum. Of patients with duodenal and gastric ulcers, 87.8% and 87.5%, respectively, had Campylobacter organisms, as did 39.3% of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. C. pylori infection was most commonly found in Chinese and Indians. Although the prevalence of infection appeared to increase with age, there was an equal distribution amongst the sexes.
  2. Goh KL, Chua CT, Chiew IS, Soo-Hoo TS
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):58-60.
    PMID: 3501533
    The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) requires no further introduction. Since 1981, when the AIDS was first recognized in the United States, much interest, anxiety and fear have been generated among people all over the world. It has spread inexorably in the United States, Europe and Africa such that the World Health Organization has warned of the beginning of a worldwide epidemic of AIDS. Asia has been relatively spared; nonetheless cases have been reported from Thailand, India, Taiwan, China and Japan.' Malaysia has anticipated the appearance of the disease; an AI DS task force under the auspices of the Ministry of Health was established in early 1986. However, it is only a year later that we now report the first case of AIDS in this country.
  3. Goh KL, Pathmanathan R, Chang KW, Wong NW
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1987 Oct;90(5):255-7.
    PMID: 3669128
    Tuberculous liver abscess is uncommonly seen in our experience. We report a case of a 17-year-old boy who presented with typical clinical features of liver abscess, where a diagnosis of tuberculous liver abscess was made on laparotomy and biopsy of the abscess wall.
  4. Bee PC, Gan GG, Sangkar JV, Teh A, Goh KY
    Int J Hematol, 2004 May;79(4):358-60.
    PMID: 15218965
    We diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with multiple cytogenetic abnormalities in a 17-year-old girl a year after she had received a diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). After the diagnosis of APML in June 2001, the patient was treated with idarubicin and all-trans-retinoic acid. In September 1999, her younger sister also received a diagnosis of APML and to date has remained well. T-ALL after remission of APML is very rare, and only 1 such case has been reported. Possible causes include therapy-related reasons, genetic susceptibility to leukemia, and environmental exposure.
  5. Low QJ, Cheo SW, Wong WH, Goh KS
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Oct;74(5):445-446.
    PMID: 31649227
    Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare condition. We report a case of a 36-year-old female who presented with dyspnoea every time before she had her regular menses. Further investigation confirmed that she had catamenial pneumothorax. With this case we wish to highlight this rare diagnostic entity that every clinician should keep in mind.
  6. Wong KW, Lojikip S, Chan FS, Goh KW, Pang HC
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 06;72(3):179-185.
    PMID: 28733566 MyJurnal
    AIM: To study the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, vascular access, and the short term survival of ESRD patients initiated on dialysis from Hospital Queen Elizabeth (HQE).

    BACKGROUND: The number of patients with ESRD is increasing in Sabah, Malaysia. Most patients present late and some live in remote areas with difficult access to healthcare services. Many therefore present with potentially fatal complications.

    METHODS: All the newly confirmed ESRD patients who were initiated on renal replacement therapy (RRT) from 1 January to 31 December 2014 were included. The basic epidemiological and clinical data were collected. They were divided into three groups: Group 1 - those known to the medical service and had been prepared properly for the initiation of RRT; Group 2 - those known to the medical service, but were not prepared for the RRT; Group 3 - those with undiagnosed CKD. Outcome is mainly survival at 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month.

    RESULTS: There were 249 ESRD patients. 153 (61.4%) were male. The average age was 53.3 (range 12 - 83). The main cause of ESRD was diabetic nephropathy (128 patients, 51.4%). Most patients were started on RRT with a catheter (74.3%), 47 patients (18.9%) with a fistula, and 17 patients (6.8%) with a Tenckhoff catheter. 185 (74.3%) patients were not prepared properly (Group 2 - 66.3%, and Group 3 - 8.0%). The survival for 249 patients were 86.3% at 6 months, 77.9% at 12 months. Group 2 has the worst survival (81.9% at 6 months, 71.1% at 12 months).

    CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that most patients (74.3%) were started on dialysis in an unplanned manner with poor survival. A comprehensive and well-supported predialysis programme is needed.
  7. Goh KB, Li Z, Chen X, Liu Q, Wu T
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2022 Feb 15;608(Pt 2):1999-2008.
    PMID: 34749148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.092
    HYPOTHESIS: The performance of a polymeric core-shell microreactor depends critically on (i) mass transfer, (ii) catalyzed chemical reaction, and (iii) deactivation within the nonuniform core-shell microstructure environment. As such, these three basic working principles control the active catalytic phase density in the reactor.

    THEORY: We present a high-fidelity, image-based nonequilibrium computational model to quantify and visualize the mass transport as well as the deactivation process of a core-shell polymeric microreactor. In stark contrast with other published works, our microstructure-based computer simulation can provide a single-particle visualization with a micrometer spatial accuracy.

    FINDINGS: We show how the interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics controls the product-induced deactivation process. The model predicts and visualizes the non-trivial, spatially resolved active catalyst phase patterns within a core-shell system. Moreover, we also show how the microstructure influences the formation of foulant within a core-shell structure; that is, begins from the core and grows radially onto the shell section. Our results suggest that the deactivation process is highly governed by the porosity/microstructure of the microreactor as well as the affinity of the products towards the solid phase of the reactor.

  8. Goh KL, Parasakthi N, Peh SC, Anderson PE, Tan KK
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Dec;36(6):619-20.
    PMID: 8781634
    Omeprazole has been shown to have a suppressive effect on Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to determine if prolonged treatment with omeprazole would result in a higher eradication rate than short course treatment. Twenty patients with endoscopy proven duodenal ulcers and unequivocal evidence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection based on culture, histology, urease test and Gram's stain of a fresh tissue smear were treated with omeprazole 40 mg om for 2-4 weeks. Following ulcer healing, patients received either maintenance omeprazole 20 mg om or placebo for up to one year. All 20 patients had healed ulcers following a 2-4 week course of omeprazole 40 mg om.. All were negative for HP at the end of treatment. Thirteen patients received short course therapy with omeprazole only, followed by placebo. On follow-up endoscopy at 3 months, only one of 13 (7.7%) had eradicated the bacteria. Seven patients received maintenance treatment with omeprazole 20mg om for one year. Following completion of treatment, patients were followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months. Only one of 7 (14.3%) patients had eradicated the infection on long term follow-up. The eradication rates of HP with both short and long course omeprazole monotherapy were low.
  9. Goh KL, Parasakthi N, Peh SC, Puthucheary SD, Wong NW
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Apr;35(2):161-2.
    PMID: 7939811
    With the increasing recognition of the importance of H. pylori in gastrointestinal disease, there is a need for a reliable, efficient and yet inexpensive diagnostic test. The performance of the rapid urease test (RUT) as an endoscopy suite diagnostic test was compared to the established methods of culture, histology and Gram stain of tissue smear, in 274 gastric biopsy samples. Histology had the highest sensitivity of 99.3% followed by the RUT (96.6%). Culture and Gram stain of tissue smear had 100% specificity, while the rapid urease test had 99.2% specificity. The RUT had a positive predictive value of 99.3% and a negative predictive value of 96.2%. The RUT is an inexpensive, rapid and reliable diagnostic test of H. pylori infection.
  10. Lau TP, Roslani AC, Lian LH, Lee PC, Hilmi I, Goh KL, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2014;13(3):5555-61.
    PMID: 25117311 DOI: 10.4238/2014.July.25.9
    Growth factors are polypeptides that are critical for the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Most tumor cells are capable of synthesizing particular growth factors leading to constitutive pathway activation in these cells through autocrine signaling. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogenic peptide that exerts direct effects on the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells in carcinogenesis. By contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is vital for the invasion and metastasis of neoplasms through the formation of new blood vessels from mature endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated the association between functional polymorphisms of both the EGF and VEGF genes and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. A total of 130 CRC patients and 212 healthy controls were recruited for this case-control study. Genotyping of genetic variants was conducted via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with allele-specific TaqMan probes. None of the genotypes of the EGF +61 A>G and VEGF +936 C>T variants was significantly associated with CRC susceptibility among the Malaysian subjects evaluated (P > 0.05). The observed frequency distributions of the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism genotypes showed ethnic heterogeneity, which was not the case for the VEGF +936 C>T genotypes. In conclusion, no positive correlation between these functional polymorphisms and CRC risk was found in this Malaysian population. Studies of the EGF and VEGF genes and CRC susceptibility are scarce, and the results reported thus far differ from one population to another. Hence, more replication studies are warranted before any firm conclusions can be made.
  11. Lau TP, Roslani AC, Lian LH, Lee PC, Hilmi I, Goh KL, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2014;13(3):7079-85.
    PMID: 24682985 DOI: 10.4238/2014.March.19.3
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in both developed and developing countries. This disease is triggered by and progresses via the sequential accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. In addition, the interaction between low-penetrance genes and environmental factors can also increase the risk of developing CRC. Since inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are one of the predisposing factors for CRC, IBD-related genes might, to a certain extent, be associated with cancer initiation. The nucleotide oligomerization domain 2/caspase activating recruitment domain 15 gene (NOD2/CARD15) is the most well-established gene to be associated with increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Thus, various studies have been performed to investigate the potential contribution of this gene to CRC risk. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg, 3020insC, Pro268Ser, and JW1 variants of NOD2/CARD15, and to investigate their association with CRC susceptibility. A total of 130 CRC patients and 212 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Subsequently, real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan was performed for the genotyping of these NOD2/ CARD15 variants. None of the NOD2/CARD15 variants was statistically associated to CRC susceptibility in our Malaysian population. Our findings were remarkably similar to those of other Asian cohorts, which indicated that these NOD2/CARD15 variants exhibit genetic heterogeneity between Caucasian and Asian populations.
  12. Barathan M, Mariappan V, Shankar EM, Abdullah BJ, Goh KL, Vadivelu J
    Cell Death Dis, 2013;4:e697.
    PMID: 23807226 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.219
    Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a capable therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. PDT is a targeted cancer therapy that reportedly leads to tumor cell apoptosis and/or necrosis by facilitating the secretion of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of multiple apoptotic mediators in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, PDT also triggers oxidative stress that directs tumor cell killing and activation of inflammatory responses. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PDT in facilitating tumor cell apoptosis remain ambiguous. Here, we investigated the ability of PDT in association with hypericin (HY) to induce tumor cell apoptosis by facilitating the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secretion of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) cells. To discover if any apoptotic mediators were implicated in the enhancement of cell death of HY-PDT-treated tumor cells, selected gene profiling in response to HY-PDT treatment was implemented. Experimental results showed that interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly increased in all HY-PDT-treated cells, especially in 1 μg/ml HY-PDT, resulting in cell death. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of apoptotic genes, such as BH3-interacting-domain death agonist (BID), cytochrome complex (CYT-C) and caspases (CASP3, 6, 7, 8 and 9) was remarkably higher in HY-PDT-treated HepG2 cells than the untreated HepG2 cells, entailing that tumor destruction of immune-mediated cell death occurs only in PDT-treated tumor cells. Hence, we showed that HY-PDT treatment induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by facilitating cytotoxic ROS, and potentially recruits IL-6 and apoptosis mediators, providing additional hints for the existence of alternative mechanisms of anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma, which contribute to long-term suppression of tumor growth following PDT.
  13. Gan GG, Norfaizal AL, Bee PC, Chin EF, Habibah AH, Goh KL
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):231-3.
    PMID: 23749012 MyJurnal
    Helicobacter Pylori has been implicated with a possible link to immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) and studies have shown contradicting results in platelet recovery after eradication of H pylori infection.
  14. Hilmi I, Sunderesvaran K, Ananda V, Sarji SA, Arumugam K, Goh KL
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013 Jun;98(6):2415-21.
    PMID: 23553858 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1147
    INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are well-recognized complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. We hypothesized that low vitamin D levels is the main reason for reduced bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to study its potential role in Malaysia, which is a tropical country with 3 large ethnic groups. We also sought to examine the relationship between fracture risk and bone mineral density in this group.
    METHODOLOGY: Relevant history as well as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D) levels and bone mineral density were obtained. Normal, inadequate, and low vitamin D levels were defined as 61-160 nmol/L (24-64 ng/mL), 30-60 nmol/L (12-24 ng/mL), and less than 30 nmol/L (<12 ng/mL), respectively.
    RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were recruited. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively, were 58% and 17% in the spine and 51% and 14% in the hip. Mean vitamin D level in the group was low at 45.12 ± 17.4 nmol/L (18.05 ± 6.96 ng/mL), but there was no significant association between bone mineral density and vitamin D level. Twelve patients (16.7%) had a fragility fracture after the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. The cumulative fracture incidence was 10% at 5 years and 35% at 10 years. There was a statistically significant association between osteoporosis of hip and a history of fracture (odds ratio 5.889; 95% confidence interval 1.41-24.53, P = .009).
    CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis is prevalent among Malaysian patients with inflammatory bowel disease and is associated with a 6-fold increased risk of fractures. Most inflammatory bowel disease patients had inadequate or low vitamin D levels, but there was no association between vitamin D levels and BMD.
  15. Schmidt HM, Andres S, Nilsson C, Kovach Z, Kaakoush NO, Engstrand L, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Apr;29(4):439-51.
    PMID: 20157752 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0881-7
    Helicobacter pylori-related disease is at least partially attributable to the genotype of the infecting strain, particularly the presence of specific virulence factors. We investigated the prevalence of a novel combination of H. pylori virulence factors, including the cag pathogenicity island (PAI), and their association with severe disease in isolates from the three major ethnicities in Malaysia and Singapore, and evaluated whether the cag PAI was intact and functional in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect dupA, cagA, cagE, cagT, cagL and babA, and to type vacA, the EPIYA motifs, HP0521 alleles and oipA ON status in 159 H. pylori clinical isolates. Twenty-two strains were investigated for IL-8 induction and CagA translocation in vitro. The prevalence of cagA, cagE, cagL, cagT, babA, oipA ON and vacA s1 and i1 was >85%, irrespective of the disease state or ethnicity. The prevalence of dupA and the predominant HP0521 allele and EPIYA motif varied significantly with ethnicity (p < 0.05). A high prevalence of an intact cag PAI was found in all ethnic groups; however, no association was observed between any virulence factor and disease state. The novel association between the HP0521 alleles, EPIYA motifs and host ethnicity indicates that further studies to determine the function of this gene are important.
  16. Hilmi I, Singh R, Ganesananthan S, Yatim I, Radzi M, Chua AB, et al.
    J Dig Dis, 2009 Feb;10(1):15-20.
    PMID: 19236542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00357.x
    To establish the clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Malaysian population, comparing the three major ethnic groups: Malay, Chinese and Indian.
  17. Leong CF, Habsah A, Teh HS, Goh KY, Fadilah SA, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 2008 Jun;30(1):31-6.
    PMID: 19108409
    Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilised with growth factor with or without chemotherapeutic regimens, are used increasingly in both autologous and allogeneic transplantation. Previously, many PBSC harvests are used directly without ex vivo manipulation, and these PBSC have been shown to be contaminated with tumour cells, which may contribute to subsequent relapses post transplantation. Therefore, requirement for purging of malignant cells from the harvest has initiated the use of various methods to reduce tumour cell contamination of the graft by the positive selection of CD34+ progenitor cells or negative selection of tumour cells using other cell-specific antigens. We report here our local experience with the CliniMACS (magnetic-activated cell separation system) in eight adult patients with haematologic malignancies.
  18. Gan GG, Leong CF, Sangkar JV, Teh A, Goh KY, Cheong SK
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):311-3.
    PMID: 16379185
    Aplastic anemia is a relatively uncommon disease and conventional management options include immunosuppressive drugs and/or haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation. It is now known that the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia is immune mediated. Mycophenolate mofetil is a common immunosuppressive drug now used mainly in prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ transplant and also for prevention/treatment for graft versus host disease in haemtopoeitic stem cell transplantation. It is thought that mycophenolate mofetil may be useful in this group of patients. In this short report, mycophenolate mofetil was tried in 6 patients who had severe aplastic anemia with variable doses for a minimum duration of 9 months. The result has however not been encouraging.
  19. Lian LH, Lau TP, Lee VL, Lee WS, Hilmi I, Goh KL, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2013;12(1):167-74.
    PMID: 23408403 DOI: 10.4238/2013.January.24.9
    This study aimed to investigate the potential association of TYK2 and STAT3 genes with the susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) among Malaysians. DNA samples were obtained from 80 CD patients and 100 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were employed for genotyping, followed by statistical analysis. In our current study, none of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of either TYK2 or STAT3 was statistically associated with the susceptibility to CD in our local population (P > 0.05). In contrast, there was a statistically significant association between the G/G homozygotes of the STAT3 rs2293152 and the healthy control group (χ(2) = 6.229, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study does not support the role of the TYK2 and STAT3 genes influencing CD susceptibility.
  20. Mahadeva S, Raman MC, Ford AC, Follows M, Axon AT, Goh KL, et al.
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2005 Jun 15;21(12):1483-90.
    PMID: 15948816
    There is a paucity of data directly comparing dyspepsia in Western and Eastern populations.
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