OBJECTIVE: In this work, various polysaccharide/gelatin amorphous hydrogels with the impregnation of oil palm leaf derived total flavonoid enriched extract (OPL-TFEE) were fabricated via one-pot synthesis method to provide multiple crosslinking networks.

METHOD: The bioflavonoids (OPL-TFEE) were derived from Elaeis guineensis leaf using an integrated green extraction and enrichment process. Amorphous hydrogels with good wound healing properties were developed by incorporating 0.3% antioxidant agent into the hybrid polymeric gelling system.

RESULT: The formulations appeared as a semi-solid dark yellow translucent hydrogel with good spreading and consistency characteristics and satisfying aesthetic properties. The FTIR analysis indicated that the bioflavonoid was compatible with the matrix, and the hydrogels showed porous morphological structures when observed under SEM. Furthermore, the hydrogels possessed shear thinning, pseudoplastic, and elastic properties. Bioflavonoids-impregnated polysaccharide/gelatin hydrogel release 95-98% bioflavonoids within 24 h, while the drug release profile followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The hydrogels showed antioxidant and wound healing properties with no sign of cytotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the metabolite variations and antioxidant activity among M. calabura leaves subjected to different drying methods and extracted with different ethanol ratios using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR)-based metabolomics. Methodology The antioxidant activity of M. calabura leaves dried with three different drying methods and extracted with three different ethanol ratios was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. The metabolites variation among the extracts and correlation with antioxidant activity were analysed by 1 H-NMR-based metabolomics.

RESULTS: Muntingia calabura leaves extracted with 50% and 100% ethanol from air-drying and freeze-drying methods had the highest total phenolic content and the lowest IC50 value for the DPPH scavenging activity. Meanwhile, oven-dried leaves extracted with 100% ethanol had the lowest IC50 value for the NO scavenging activity. A total of 43 metabolites, including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, phytosterols, phenolics and terpene glycoside were tentatively identified. A noticeable discrimination was observed in the different ethanol ratios by the principal component analysis. The partial least-squares analysis suggested that 32 compounds out of 43 compounds identified were the contributors to the bioactivities.

HIGHLIGHT: This review aimed to summarize the preclinical and clinical findings on the effects of vitamin E on periodontitis. The current literature suggests that vitamin E could improve the periodontal status by correcting redox status imbalance, reducing inflammatory responses, and promoting wound healing, thus highlighting the potential of vitamin E in the management of periodontitis.

METHODS: Two mangrove species (Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Sonneratia alba) with four extract concentrations (control, 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.35%) were used to enrich edible films. The elongation, water vapour transmission, thickness, tensile strength, moisture content, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the resulting packaging were analysed.