Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 375 in total

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  1. Fulltext Energy Transfer in Mixed Convection MHD Flow of Nanofluid Containing Different Shapes of Nanoparticles in a Channel Filled with Saturated Porous Medium
    Aaiza G, Khan I, Shafie S
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2015 Dec;10(1):490.
    PMID: 26698873 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1144-4
    Energy transfer in mixed convection unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an incompressible nanofluid inside a channel filled with saturated porous medium is investigated. The channel with non-uniform walls temperature is taken in a vertical direction under the influence of a transverse magnetic field. Based on the physical boundary conditions, three different flow situations are discussed. The problem is modelled in terms of partial differential equations with physical boundary conditions. Four different shapes of nanoparticles of equal volume fraction are used in conventional base fluids, ethylene glycol (EG) (C 2 H 6 O 2 ) and water (H 2 O). Solutions for velocity and temperature are obtained discussed graphically in various plots. It is found that viscosity and thermal conductivity are the most prominent parameters responsible for different results of velocity and temperature. Due to higher viscosity and thermal conductivity, C 2 H 6 O 2 is regarded as better convectional base fluid compared to H 2 O.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  2. Hydrogel-based methods for engineering cellular microenvironment with spatiotemporal gradients
    Wang L, Li Y, Huang G, Zhang X, Pingguan-Murphy B, Gao B, et al.
    Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2016 Jun;36(3):553-65.
    PMID: 25641330 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.993588
    Natural cellular microenvironment consists of spatiotemporal gradients of multiple physical (e.g. extracellular matrix stiffness, porosity and stress/strain) and chemical cues (e.g. morphogens), which play important roles in regulating cell behaviors including spreading, proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis, especially for pathological processes such as tumor formation and progression. Therefore, it is essential to engineer cellular gradient microenvironment incorporating various gradients for the fabrication of normal and pathological tissue models in vitro. In this article, we firstly review the development of engineering cellular physical and chemical gradients with cytocompatible hydrogels in both two-dimension and three-dimension formats. We then present current advances in the application of engineered gradient microenvironments for the fabrication of disease models in vitro. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives for engineering cellular gradients are given.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  3. Fulltext g-Jitter mixed convective slip flow of nanofluid past a permeable stretching sheet embedded in a Darcian porous media with variable viscosity
    Uddin MJ, Khan WA, Amin NS
    PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e99384.
    PMID: 24927277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099384
    The unsteady two-dimensional laminar g-Jitter mixed convective boundary layer flow of Cu-water and Al2O3-water nanofluids past a permeable stretching sheet in a Darcian porous is studied by using an implicit finite difference numerical method with quasi-linearization technique. It is assumed that the plate is subjected to velocity and thermal slip boundary conditions. We have considered temperature dependent viscosity. The governing boundary layer equations are converted into non-similar equations using suitable transformations, before being solved numerically. The transport equations have been shown to be controlled by a number of parameters including viscosity parameter, Darcy number, nanoparticle volume fraction, Prandtl number, velocity slip, thermal slip, suction/injection and mixed convection parameters. The dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles as well as friction factor and heat transfer rates are presented graphically and discussed. It is found that the velocity reduces with velocity slip parameter for both nanofluids for fluid with both constant and variable properties. It is further found that the skin friction decreases with both Darcy number and momentum slip parameter while it increases with viscosity variation parameter. The surface temperature increases as the dimensionless time increases for both nanofluids. Nusselt numbers increase with mixed convection parameter and Darcy numbers and decreases with the momentum slip. Excellent agreement is found between the numerical results of the present paper with published results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  4. Fulltext Optimal homotopy asymptotic method for flow and heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid in an axisymmetric channel with a porous wall
    Mabood F, Khan WA, Ismail AI
    PLoS One, 2013;8(12):e83581.
    PMID: 24376722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083581
    In this article, an approximate analytical solution of flow and heat transfer for a viscoelastic fluid in an axisymmetric channel with porous wall is presented. The solution is obtained through the use of a powerful method known as Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). We obtained the approximate analytical solution for dimensionless velocity and temperature for various parameters. The influence and effect of different parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature, friction factor, and rate of heat transfer are presented graphically. We also compared our solution with those obtained by other methods and it is found that OHAM solution is better than the other methods considered. This shows that OHAM is reliable for use to solve strongly nonlinear problems in heat transfer phenomena.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  5. Fulltext Performance evaluation of volumetric water content and relative permittivity models
    Mukhlisin M, Saputra A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:421762.
    PMID: 24282382 DOI: 10.1155/2013/421762
    In recent years many models have been proposed for measuring soil water content (θ) based on the permittivity (ε) value. Permittivity is one of the properties used to determine θ in measurements using the electromagnetic method. This method is widely used due to quite substantial differences in values of ε for air, soil, and water, as it allows the θ value to be measured accurately. The performance of six proposed models with one parameter (i.e., permittivity) and five proposed models with two or more parameters (i.e., permittivity, porosity, and dry bulk density of soil) is discussed and evaluated. Secondary data obtained from previous studies are used for comparison to calibrate and evaluate the models. The results show that the models with one parameter proposed by Roth et al. (1992) and Topp et al. (1980) have the greatest R² data errors, while for the model with two parameters, the model proposed by Malicki et al. (1996) agrees very well with the data compared with other models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  6. Fulltext Conjugate effects of heat and mass transfer on MHD free convection flow over an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium
    Ali F, Khan I, Samiulhaq, Shafie S
    PLoS One, 2013;8(6):e65223.
    PMID: 23840321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065223
    The aim of this study is to present an exact analysis of combined effects of radiation and chemical reaction on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of an electrically conducting incompressible viscous fluid over an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium. The impulsively started plate with variable temperature and mass diffusion is considered. The dimensionless momentum equation coupled with the energy and mass diffusion equations are analytically solved using the Laplace transform method. Expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration fields are obtained. They satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions and can be reduced, as special cases, to some known solutions from the literature. Expressions for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also obtained. Finally, the effects of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are graphically displayed whereas the variations in skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown through tables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  7. Fulltext Optical absorption and photoluminescence studies of gold nanoparticles deposited on porous silicon
    Amran TS, Hashim MR, Al-Obaidi NK, Yazid H, Adnan R
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2013 Jan 18;8(1):35.
    PMID: 23331761 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-35
    We present an investigation on a coupled system consists of gold nanoparticles and silicon nanocrystals. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded into porous silicon (PSi) were prepared using the electrochemical deposition method. Scanning electron microscope images and energy-dispersive X-ray results indicated that the growth of AuNPs on PSi varies with current density. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of cubic gold phases with crystallite sizes around 40 to 58 nm. Size dependence on the plasmon absorption was studied from nanoparticles with various sizes. Comparison with the reference sample, PSi without AuNP deposition, showed a significant blueshift with decreasing AuNP size which was explained in terms of optical coupling between PSi and AuNPs within the pores featuring localized plasmon resonances.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  8. Fulltext Effect of different drying techniques on flowability characteristics and chemical properties of natural carbohydrate-protein Gum from durian fruit seed
    Mirhosseini H, Amid BT
    Chem Cent J, 2013 Jan 04;7(1):1.
    PMID: 23289739 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-1
    BACKGROUND: A natural carbohydrate biopolymer was extracted from the agricultural biomass waste (durian seed). Subsequently, the crude biopolymer was purified by using the saturated barium hydroxide to minimize the impurities. Finally, the effect of different drying techniques on the flow characteristics and functional properties of the purified biopolymer was investigated. The present study elucidated the main functional characteristics such as flow characteristics, water- and oil-holding capacity, solubility, and foaming capacity.

    RESULTS: In most cases except for oven drying, the bulk density decreased, thus increasing the porosity. This might be attributed to the increase in the inter-particle voids of smaller sized particles with larger contact surface areas per unit volume. The current study revealed that oven-dried gum and freeze-dried gum had the highest and lowest compressibility index, thus indicating the weakest and strongest flowability among all samples. In the present work, the freeze-dried gum showed the lowest angle of repose, bulk, tapped and true density. This indicates the highest porosity degree of freeze dried gum among dried seed gums. It also exhibited the highest solubility, and foaming capacity thus providing the most desirable functional properties and flow characteristics among all drying techniques.

    CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that freeze drying among all drying techniques provided the most desirable functional properties and flow characteristics for durian seed gum.

    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  9. Fulltext Transport and retention of engineered Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2 nanoparticles through various sedimentary rocks
    Bayat AE, Junin R, Shamshirband S, Chong WT
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:14264.
    PMID: 26373598 DOI: 10.1038/srep14264
    Engineered aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are utilized in a broad range of applications; causing noticeable quantities of these materials to be released into the environment. Issues of how and where these particles are distributed into the subsurface aquatic environment remain as major challenges for those in environmental engineering. In this study, transport and retention of Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2 NPs through various saturated porous media were investigated. Vertical columns were packed with quartz-sand, limestone, and dolomite grains. The NPs were introduced as a pulse suspended in aqueous solutions and breakthrough curves in the column outlet were generated using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. It was found that Al2O3 and TiO2 NPs are easily transported through limestone and dolomite porous media whereas NPs recoveries were achieved two times higher than those found in the quartz-sand. The highest and lowest SiO2-NPs recoveries were also achieved from the quartz-sand and limestone columns, respectively. The experimental results closely replicated the general trends predicted by the filtration and DLVO calculations. Overall, NPs mobility through a porous medium was found to be strongly dependent on NP surface charge, NP suspension stability against deposition, and porous medium surface charge and roughness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  10. Further Insight into the Definite Morphology and Formation Mechanism of Mesoporous Silica KCC-1
    Febriyanti E, Suendo V, Mukti RR, Prasetyo A, Arifin AF, Akbar MA, et al.
    Langmuir, 2016 06 14;32(23):5802-11.
    PMID: 27120557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00675
    The unique three-dimensional pore structure of KCC-1 has attracted significant attention and has proven to be different compared to other conventional mesoporous silica such as the MCM-41 family, SBA-15, or even MSN nanoparticles. In this research, we carefully examine the morphology of KCC-1 to define more appropriate nomenclature. We also propose a formation mechanism of KCC-1 based on our experimental evidence. Herein, the KCC-1 morphology was interpreted mainly on the basis of compiling all observation and information taken from SEM and TEM images. Further analysis on TEM images was carried out. The gray value intensity profile was derived from TEM images in order to determine the specific pattern of this unique morphology that is found to be clearly different from that of other types of porous spherical-like morphologies. On the basis of these results, the KCC-1 morphology would be more appropriately reclassified as bicontinuous concentric lamellar morphology. Some physical characteristics such as the origin of emulsion, electrical conductivity, and the local structure of water molecules in the KCC-1 emulsion were disclosed to reveal the formation mechanism of KCC-1. The origin of the KCC-1 emulsion was characterized by the observation of the Tyndall effect, conductometry to determine the critical micelle concentration, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the morphological evolution study during KCC-1 synthesis completes the portrait of the formation of mesoporous silica KCC-1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  11. Fulltext Effects of Fiddler Crab Burrows on Sediment Properties in the Mangrove Mudflats of Sungai Sepang, Malaysia
    Mokhtari M, Abd Ghaffar M, Usup G, Che Cob Z
    Biology (Basel), 2016;5(1).
    PMID: 26797647 DOI: 10.3390/biology5010007
    In mangrove ecosystems, litter fall accumulates as refractory organic carbon on the sediment surface and creates anoxic sediment layers. Fiddler crabs, through their burrowing activity, translocate oxygen into the anoxic layers and promote aerobic respiration, iron reduction and nitrification. In this study, the effects of four species of fiddler crabs (Uca triangularis, Uca rosea, Uca forcipata and Uca paradussumieri) on organic content, water content, porosity, redox potential and solid phase iron pools of mangrove sediments were investigated. In each crab's habitat, six cores down to 30 cm depth were taken from burrowed and non-burrowed sampling plots. Redox potential and oxidized iron pools were highest in surface sediment, while porosity, water and organic content were higher in deeper sediment. Reduced iron (Fe (II)) and redox potential were significantly different between burrowed and non-burrowed plots. Crab burrows extend the oxidized surface layer down to 4 cm depth and through the oxidation effect, reduce the organic content of sediments. The effects of burrows varied between the four species based on their shore location. The oxidation effect of burrows enhance the decomposition rate and stimulate iron reduction, which are processes that are expected to play an important role in biogeochemical properties of mangrove sediments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  12. Separators used in microbial electrochemical technologies: Current status and future prospects
    Daud SM, Kim BH, Ghasemi M, Daud WR
    Bioresour Technol, 2015 Nov;195:170-9.
    PMID: 26141668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.105
    Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are emerging green processes producing useful products from renewable sources without causing environmental pollution and treating wastes. The separator, an important part of METs that greatly affects the latter's performance, is commonly made of Nafion proton exchange membrane (PEM). However, many problems have been identified associated with the Nafion PEM such as high cost of membrane, significant oxygen and substrate crossovers, and transport of cations other than protons protons and biofouling. A variety of materials have been offered as alternative separators such as ion-exchange membranes, salt bridges, glass fibers, composite membranes and porous materials. It has been claimed that low cost porous materials perform better than PEM. These include J-cloth, nylon filter, glass fiber mat, non-woven cloth, earthen pot and ceramics that enable non-ion selective charge transfer. This paper provides an up-to-date review on porous separators and plots directions for future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  13. Fulltext Development of Polysulfone Membrane via Vapor-Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration
    Barambu NU, Bilad MR, Bustam MA, Huda N, Jaafar J, Narkkun T, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Oct 29;12(11).
    PMID: 33137888 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112519
    The discharge of improperly treated oil/water emulsion by industries imposes detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The membrane process is a promising technology for oil/water emulsion treatment. However, it faces the challenge of being maintaining due to membrane fouling. It occurs as a result of the strong interaction between the hydrophobic oil droplets and the hydrophobic membrane surface. This issue has attracted research interest in developing the membrane material that possesses high hydraulic and fouling resistance performances. This research explores the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) method for the fabrication of a hydrophilic polysulfone (PSF) membrane with the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the additive for the treatment of oil/water emulsion. Results show that the slow nonsolvent intake in VIPS greatly influences the resulting membrane structure that allows the higher retention of the additive within the membrane matrix. By extending the exposure time of the cast film under humid air, both surface chemistry and morphology of the resulting membrane can be enhanced. By extending the exposure time from 0 to 60 s, the water contact angle decreases from 70.28 ± 0.61° to 57.72 ± 0.61°, and the clean water permeability increases from 328.70 ± 8.27 to 501.89 ± 8.92 (L·m-2·h-1·bar-1). Moreover, the oil rejection also improves from 85.06 ± 1.6 to 98.48 ± 1.2%. The membrane structure was transformed from a porous top layer with a finger-like macrovoid sub-structure to a relatively thick top layer with a sponge-like macrovoid-free sub-structure. Overall results demonstrate the potential of the VIPS process to enhance both surface chemistry and morphology of the PSF membrane.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  14. Development and physicochemical analysis of genipin-crosslinked gelatine sponge as a potential resorbable nasal pack
    Selvarajah J, Mh Busra MF, Bin Saim A, Bt Hj Idrus R, Lokanathan Y
    J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2020 09;31(13):1722-1740.
    PMID: 32458725 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1774841
    Nasal injury following nasal surgery is an adverse consequence, and prompt treatment should be initiated. Nasal packing, either non-absorbable or absorbable, are commonly used after nasal surgery to prevent bleeding and promote wound healing. In the current study, a novel gelatine sponge crosslinked with genipin was evaluated for suitability to be used as nasal packing and compared to one of the frequently used commercial nasal packing made up of polyurethane. Gelatine at 7% and 10% (w/v) concentration were crosslinked with varying concentrations of genipin, 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.2% (v/v). The gelatine sponges were further characterised by its water uptake ability, biodegradation, water vapour transmission rate, porosity, contact angle, chemical composition, crosslinking degree, and mechanical properties. The gelatine sponges absorbed five times more water than their dry weight and were degraded within five days. The water vapour transmission rate of the gelatine sponges was 1187.7 ± 430.2 g/(m-2 day) for 7% gelatine and 779.4 ± 375.5 g/(m-2 day) for 10% gelatine. Crosslinking of gelatine with genipin resulted in lower porosity and did not affect the wettability of gelatine sponge (contact angle: 95.3 ± 12.1° for 7% gelatine and 88.4 ± 7.2° for 10% gelatine). In terms of biodegradability, the gelatine sponges took 24-48 h to degrade completely. Genipin crosslinking improved the degradation resistance and mechanical strength of gelatine sponge. The physical and chemical properties of the gelatine sponge, i.e. biodegradability and mechanical durability, support its potential as nasal packing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  15. Fulltext Electrospun Collagen Nanofibers and Their Applications in Skin Tissue Engineering
    Law JX, Liau LL, Saim A, Yang Y, Idrus R
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2017 Dec;14(6):699-718.
    PMID: 30603521 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0075-9
    Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique to fabricate continuous fibers with diameter ranging from micrometers to a few nanometers. To date, the number of polymers that have been electrospun has exceeded 200. In recent years, electrospinning has become one of the most popular scaffold fabrication techniques to prepare nanofiber mesh for tissue engineering applications. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the human body, has been electrospun to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds that imitate the architecture of native human tissues. As collagen nanofibers are mechanically weak in nature, it is commonly cross-linked or blended with synthetic polymers to improve the mechanical strength without compromising the biological activity. Electrospun collagen nanofiber mesh has high surface area to volume ratio, tunable diameter and porosity, and excellent biological activity to regulate cell function and tissue formation. Due to these advantages, collagen nanofibers have been tested for the regeneration of a myriad of tissues and organs. In this review, we gave an overview of electrospinning, encompassing the history, the instrument settings, the spinning process and the parameters that affect fiber formation, with emphasis given to collagen nanofibers' fabrication and application, especially the use of collagen nanofibers in skin tissue engineering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  16. A study on the physical and hydraulic characteristics of cocopeat perlite mixture as a growing media in containerized plant production
    Wan Fazilah Fazlil Ilahi, Desa Ahmad
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;46:975-980.
    A well-known planting medium in soilless culture is a coconut based material famously known in Malaysia as cocopeat.
    It is a viable ecologically friendly peat soil substitute for containerized crop production. The multipurpose growing media
    had received much interest particularly in commercial applications. This study focused on the physical and hydraulic
    characteristics of cocopeat perlite mixture as a growing media in containerized plant production. Perlite was added to
    cocopeat at a ratio of 3 cocopeat: 1 perlite. Bulk density, particle density, porosity, particle size distribution, water holding
    capacity, wettability and hydraulic conductivity of the media were evaluated. About 82.93% of the total particles were
    in the range between 0.425 and 4 mm in diameter at a bulk density of 0.09 g/cm3
    . Total porosity (79%) and wettability
    improved with the incorporation of perlite to cocopeat. This study showed that water holding capacity was very high at
    912.54% whereas the saturated hydraulic conductivity was low at 0.1 cm/s. The results showed that adding perlite to
    cocopeat had improved the physical and hydraulic characteristics of the media.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  17. Highly sensitive and selective determination of malathion in vegetable extracts by an electrochemical sensor based on Cu-metal organic framework
    Al'Abri AM, Abdul Halim SN, Abu Bakar NK, Saharin SM, Sherino B, Rashidi Nodeh H, et al.
    J Environ Sci Health B, 2019;54(12):930-941.
    PMID: 31407615 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1652072
    This article demonstrates the first application of a copper-based porous coordination polymer (BTCA-P-Cu-CP) as a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modifier for the detection of malathion. The electrochemical behavior of BTCA-P-Cu-CP/CPE was explored using cyclic voltammetry (CV) while chrono-amperometry methods were applied for the analytical evaluation of the sensor performance. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor exhibited high reproducibility, stability, and wide dynamic range (0.6-24 nM) with the limits of detection and sensitivity equal to 0.17 nM and 5.7 µAnMcm-1, respectively, based on inhibition signal measurement. Furthermore, the presence of common coexisting interfering species showed a minor change in signals (<4.4%). The developed sensor has been applied in the determination of malathion in spiked vegetable extracts. It exhibited promising results in term of fast and sensitive determination of malathion in real samples at trace level with recoveries of 91.0 to 104.4%. (RSDs < 5%, n = 3). A comparison of the two studied techniques showed that the HPLC technique is unable to detect malathion when the concentration is lower than 1.8 µM while 0.006 µM is detected with appropriate RSDs 0.2-5.2% (n = 3) by amperometric method. Due to the high sensitivity and selectivity, this new electrochemical sensor will be useful for monitoring trace malathion in real samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  18. High-performance porous biochar from the pyrolysis of natural and renewable seaweed (Gelidiella acerosa) and its application for the adsorption of methylene blue
    Ahmed MJ, Okoye PU, Hummadi EH, Hameed BH
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Apr;278:159-164.
    PMID: 30685620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.054
    A high-performance porous biochar adsorbent prepared by facile thermal pyrolysis of seaweed (Gelidiella acerosa) is reported. The textural characteristics of the prepared seaweed biochar (SWBC) and the performance in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye were evaluated. The batch experiment for the adsorption of MB was conducted under different parameters, such as temperature, pH, and initial concentration of MB in the range of 25-400 mg/L. The developed SWBC exhibited a relatively high surface area, average pore size, and pore volume of 926.39 m2/g, 2.45 nm, and 0.57 cm3/g, respectively. The high surface area and pristine mineral constituents of the biochar promoted a high adsorption capacity of 512.67 mg/g of MB at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics data best fitted the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order equations. The results indicate that SWBC is efficient for MB adsorption and could be a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  19. Fulltext Optimisation of glucose templated silica for oil-water separation
    Nurul Atiqah Mustaffa, Nur Hafizah Ab Hamid, Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil
    ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):1-9.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, glucose is used as a template to manufacture microporosity in silica. Based on this objective, five different molar ratios of glucose (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%) were used for this experiment to maximise its affinity to adsorb oil droplets. The sample has been characterized using
    thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen Adsorption and UltravioletVisible (UV-Vis) pectroscopy. The adsorption of oil was tested in 1000 ppm oil-water emulsion in order to determine the performance of the templated silica. TGA analysis showed that 550 ̊C is a suitable temperature for material calcination for all the samples. N2 adsorption showed the glucose templated silica (50%) had limited porosity, with a low surface area of 2 m2 /g. This is much lower than non-templated silica which was mesoporous, with an average pore diameter of 2.6 nm and a surface area of 272 m2 /g. Interestingly, despite the low porosity of the templated silica, high oil-water
    separations were achieved. This shows that glucose-templated silica is a promising material for oil-water separations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
  20. Fulltext The Role of Zinc Chloride in Enhancing Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Performance of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Carbonized Wood Fiber Conductive Composite
    Mohd Pisal MH, Osman AF, Jin TS, Rahman RA, Alrashdi AA, Masa A
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Feb 17;13(4).
    PMID: 33671304 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040600
    Carbonized natural filler can offer the production of low cost composites with an eco-friendliness value. The evolving field of electronics encourages the exploration of more functions and potential for carbonized natural filler, such as by modifying its surface chemistry. In this work, we have performed surface modification on carbonized wood fiber (CWF) prior to it being used as filler in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composite system. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) with various contents (2 to 8 wt%) was used to surface modify the CWF and the effects of ZnCl2 composition on the surface morphology and chemistry of the CWF filler were investigated. Furthermore, the absorptive, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the EVA composites containing CWF-ZnCl2 were also analyzed. SEM images indicated changes in the morphology of the CWF while FTIR analysis proved the presence of ZnCl2 functional groups in the CWF. EVA composites incorporating the CWF-ZnCl2 showed superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties compared to the ones containing the CWF. The optimum content of ZnCl2 was found to be 6 wt%. Surface modification raised the electrical conductivity of the EVA/CWF composite through the development of conductive deposits in the porous structure of the CWF as a channel for ionic and electronic transfer between the CWF and EVA matrix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Porosity
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