Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 683 in total

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  1. Fulltext Eurycoma longifolia Jack enhances libido in sexually experienced male rats
    Ang HH, Sim MK
    Exp Anim, 1997 Oct;46(4):287-90.
    PMID: 9353636 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.46.287
    The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied on the libido of sexually experienced male rats after dosing them with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight twice daily of different fractions of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days. Results showed that E. longifolia Jack produced a dose-dependent increase in mounting frequency of the treated animals with 400 mg/kg of chloroform, methanol, water and butanol fractions resulting in mounting frequencies of 5.3 +/- 1.2, 4.9 +/- 0.7, 4.8 +/- 0.7 and 5.2 +/- 0.1, and 800 mg/kg further increased them to 5.4 +/- 0.8, 5.4 +/- 0.8, 5.2 +/- 0.6 and 5.3 +/- 0.2 respectively but there were no erections, intromissions, ejaculations or seminal emissions during the 20-min observation period which allowed for the measurement of sexual arousal reflected by mounting frequency uninfluenced by other behavioural components. This study provides evidence that E. longifolia Jack is a potent stimulator of sexual arousal in sexually vigorous male rats in the absence of feedback from genital sensation.
  2. Effects ofEurycoma longifolia Jack on sexual behaviour of male rats
    Ang HH, Sim MK
    Arch Pharm Res, 1997 Dec;20(6):656-8.
    PMID: 18982276 DOI: 10.1007/BF02975228
    The effects ofEurycoma longifolia Jack were studied on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Sexually normal male rats were treated twice daily with 500 mg kg(-1) of different fractions ofE. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and were then observed for their copulatory behaviour with a receptive female in a copulation cage. Results showed that was a significant increase (p<0.05) in EL-1, EL-2, EL-3 but significant decrease (p<0.05) in both PEI-1 and PEI-2 in treated male rats as compared to the control male rats indicating thatE. longifolia Jack increased the sexual performance of the treated male rats by extending the duration of coitus and decreasing the refractory period between the different series of copulation. Hence, this preliminary work supports the folk use of this plant as having aphrodisiac property.
  3. Eurycoma longifolia increases sexual motivation in sexually naive male rats
    Ang HH, Sim MK
    Arch Pharm Res, 1998 Dec;21(6):779-81.
    PMID: 9868556 DOI: 10.1007/BF02976776
    The aim of this study is to provide evidence on the aphrodisiac property of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. An electric grid was used as an obstruction in the electrical copulation cage in order to determine how much an aversive stimulus the sexually naive male rat for both the treated with E. longifolia Jack and control groups were willing to overcome to reach the estrous receptive female in the goal cage. The intensity of the grid current was maintained at 0.12 mA and this was the intensity in which the male rats in the control group failed to crossover to reach the goal cage. Results showed that E. longifolia Jack continued to enhance and also maintain a high level of both the total number of successful crossovers, mountings, intromissions and ejaculations during the 9-12th week observation period. In conclusion, these results further enhanced and strengthened the aphrodisiac property of E. longifolia Jack.
  4. Zonal differences in risk and pattern of pedicle screw perforations in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a computerized tomography (CT) review of 1986 screws
    Chan CYW, Kwan MK
    Eur Spine J, 2018 02;27(2):340-349.
    PMID: 29058137 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5350-x
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the zonal differences in risk and pattern of pedicle screw perforations in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.

    METHODS: The scoliosis curves were divided into eight zones. CT scans were used to assess perforations: Grade 0, Grade 1( 4 mm). Anterior perforations were classified into Grade 0, Grade 1( 6 mm). Grade 2 and 3 (except lateral grade 2 and 3 perforation over thoracic vertebrae) were considered as 'critical perforations'.

    RESULTS: 1986 screws in 137 patients were analyzed. The overall perforation rate was 8.4% after exclusion of the lateral perforation. The highest medial perforation rate was at the transitional proximal thoracic (PT)/main thoracic (MT) zone (6.9%), followed by concave lumbar (6.7%) and convex main thoracic (MT) zone (6.1%). The overall critical medial perforation rate was 0.9%. 33.3% occurred at convex MT and 22.2% occurred at transitional PT/MT zone. There were 39 anterior perforations (overall perforation rate of 2.0%). 43.6% occurred at transitional PT/MT zone, whereas 23.1% occurred at concave PT zone. The overall critical anterior perforation rate was 0.6%. 5/12 (41.7%) critical perforations occurred at concave PT zone, whereas four perforations occurred at the transitional PT/MT zone. There were only two symptomatic left medial grade 2 perforations (0.1%) resulting radiculopathy, occurring at the transitional main thoracic (MT)/Lumbar (L) zone.

    CONCLUSION: Overall pedicle perforation rate was 8.4%. Highest rate of critical medial perforation was at the convex MT zone and the transitional PT/MT zone, whereas highest rate of critical anterior perforation was at the concave PT zone and the transitional PT/MT zone. The rate of symptomatic perforations was 0.1%.

  5. Fulltext The spectrum of beta-globin gene mutations in children with beta-thalassaemia major from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
    Thong MK, Soo TL
    Singapore Med J, 2005 Jul;46(7):340-3.
    PMID: 15968446
    Beta-thalassaemia major is one of the commonest genetic disorders in South East Asia. The strategy for the community control of beta-thalassaemia major requires the characterisation of the spectrum of beta-globin gene mutations in any multi-ethnic population. There is only a single report of mutation analyses of the beta-globin gene in an isolated Kadazandusun community in Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia, which showed the presence of a common 45 kb deletion.
  6. Fulltext Necrotising fasciitis: a life-threatening complication of acupuncture in a patient with diabetes mellitus
    Saw A, Kwan MK, Sengupta S
    Singapore Med J, 2004 Apr;45(4):180-2.
    PMID: 15094988
    Acupuncture is used for some conditions as an alternative to medication or surgical intervention. Several complications had been reported, and they are generally due to physical injury by the needle or transmission of diseases. We report a case of life-threatening necrotising fasciitis that developed after acupuncture treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee in a 55-year-old diabetic woman. She presented with multiple discharging sinuses over the right knee. As the patient did not respond to intravenous antibiotics, extensive debridement was performed. She made a good recovery. Since many old diabetic patients with degenerative joint diseases may consider this mode of treatment, guidelines on cleanliness and sterility of this procedure should be developed and practiced.
  7. Fulltext Jugular venous aneurysm--a rare cause of neck swelling
    Dhillon MK, Leong YP
    Singapore Med J, 1991 Apr;32(2):177-8.
    PMID: 2042085
    An 8-year old boy presented with a right neck swelling which appeared only intermittently. The swelling was well demonstrated by the Valsalva manoeuvre. The differential diagnosis include a laryngocele, a superior mediastinum tumour or cyst and a venous aneurysm. Plain radiography, computerized tomography, ultrasonography and venography were performed. A diagnosis of venous aneurysm was confirmed. Ultrasonography was the best modality for imaging of this rare condition. It is non-invasive and it will also delineate the extent of the lesion. The treatment is expectant. Surgery is reserved for cosmesis and symptomatic aneurysms.
  8. Fulltext Laboratory evaluation of two commercial repellants against Leptotrombidium fletcheri (Acari: Trombiculidae)
    Ho TM, Fauziah MK
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1993 Mar;24(1):165-9.
    PMID: 8362291
    Two commercial repellants were evaluated in the laboratory against Leptotrombidium fletcheri chiggers. The active ingredient in one was DEET and in the other was citrus oil. Excito-toxicity effect was studied and it was determined by the time ("escape time") chiggers took to move off filter papers treated with the repellants. All chiggers exposed on filter papers treated with DEET died and did not move off the treated papers. None of the chiggers that were placed on papers treated with citrus oil were killed. Escape times on papers treated with a 2-sec spray of citrus oil were longer than those for the 4- and 8-sec sprays. The weights of citrus oil deposited increased with increasing spray times. Electron microscopy showed that the repellants had no effect on the texture of the filter papers. It was concluded that the spray containing DEET was more effective; however, both repellants should be further evaluated under field conditions for protection against chigger bites.
  9. Fulltext A blood pressure profile of rural Kadazans and Bajaus in Sabah, east Malaysia
    Gan CY, Chan MK
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1993 Sep;24(3):583-9.
    PMID: 8160073
    A survey was conducted to document the blood pressures of two indigenous groups (Kadazans and Bajaus) who reside in rural Sabah in East Malaysia. Their health knowledge status is also recorded. Fifty percent of those surveyed were unable to associate high blood pressure with a risk factor and as high as 38% were unaware of the consequences of high blood pressure. A total of 16.2% had blood pressures > or = 140/or 90mm Hg while 3.9% had blood pressures > or = 160/or 95mm Hg. While these figures are low compared to those of developed countries, lifestyle changes associated with rapid urbanization in Malaysia may be expected to increase hypertension prevalence. The strengthening of health education programs is timely as health knowledge is limited and many hypertensives default treatment.
  10. Fulltext Laboratory evaluation of propoxur and fenvalerate against infected and noninfected Leptotrombidium fletcheri (Acari: Trombiculidae)
    Ho TM, Fauziah MK
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1993 Sep;24(3):570-2.
    PMID: 8160070
  11. Comparison of Fully Automated and Semi-Automated Methods for Species Identification
    Kalafi EY, Anuar MK, Sakharkar MK, Dhillon SK
    Folia Biol. (Praha), 2018;64(4):137-143.
    PMID: 30724159
    The process of manual species identification is a daunting task, so much so that the number of taxonomists is seen to be declining. In order to assist taxonomists, many methods and algorithms have been proposed to develop semi-automated and fully automated systems for species identification. While semi-automated tools would require manual intervention by a domain expert, fully automated tools are assumed to be not as reliable as manual or semiautomated identification tools. Hence, in this study we investigate the accuracy of fully automated and semi-automated models for species identification. We have built fully automated and semi-automated species classification models using the monogenean species image dataset. With respect to monogeneans' morphology, they are differentiated based on the morphological characteristics of haptoral bars, anchors, marginal hooks and reproductive organs (male and female copulatory organs). Landmarks (in the semi-automated model) and shape morphometric features (in the fully automated model) were extracted from four monogenean species images, which were then classified using k-nearest neighbour and artificial neural network. In semi-automated models, a classification accuracy of 96.67 % was obtained using the k-nearest neighbour and 97.5 % using the artificial neural network, whereas in fully automated models, a classification accuracy of 90 % was obtained using the k-nearest neighbour and 98.8 % using the artificial neural network. As for the crossvalidation, semi-automated models performed at 91.2 %, whereas fully automated models performed slightly higher at 93.75 %.
  12. Fulltext Internal Fixation of Only the Distal End in a Bipolar Segmental Clavicle Fracture: A Case Report
    Ogawa T, Sasaki T, Masayuki-Kawashima MK, Okawa A, Mahito-Kawashima MK
    Malays Orthop J, 2017 Nov;11(3):47-49.
    PMID: 29326767 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1711.003
    Bipolar segmental clavicle fractures are simultaneous clavicle fractures of both proximal and distal ends. Few case reports describing these fractures have been published, and the management of these injuries have remained controversial. Non-operative treatment is likely to result in poor shoulder function due to the instability of the fracture in patients with high physical demands. In contrast, surgical treatment with fixation of both proximal and distal ends of the clavicle possibly may cause life-threatening complications. We present a 74-year old female farmer who had injured her left shoulder and was diagnosed with a bipolar segmental clavicle fracture. Taking the fracture mechanism into consideration, we surgically treated only the distal end of the clavicle fracture with a locking plate. The proximal end of the clavicle fracture was treated without surgical intervention. Both fracture sites achieved bony union after four months and she returned to her activities as a farmer. Quick DASH score was 5.0 with excellent results at three years after operation.
  13. EEG/ERP adaptive noise canceller design with controlled search space (CSS) approach in cuckoo and other optimization algorithms
    Ahirwal MK, Kumar A, Singh GK
    IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform, 2013 Nov-Dec;10(6):1491-504.
    PMID: 24407307 DOI: 10.1109/TCBB.2013.119
    This paper explores the migration of adaptive filtering with swarm intelligence/evolutionary techniques employed in the field of electroencephalogram/event-related potential noise cancellation or extraction. A new approach is proposed in the form of controlled search space to stabilize the randomness of swarm intelligence techniques especially for the EEG signal. Swarm-based algorithms such as Particles Swarm Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony, and Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm with their variants are implemented to design optimized adaptive noise canceler. The proposed controlled search space technique is tested on each of the swarm intelligence techniques and is found to be more accurate and powerful. Adaptive noise canceler with traditional algorithms such as least-mean-square, normalized least-mean-square, and recursive least-mean-square algorithms are also implemented to compare the results. ERP signals such as simulated visual evoked potential, real visual evoked potential, and real sensorimotor evoked potential are used, due to their physiological importance in various EEG studies. Average computational time and shape measures of evolutionary techniques are observed 8.21E-01 sec and 1.73E-01, respectively. Though, traditional algorithms take negligible time consumption, but are unable to offer good shape preservation of ERP, noticed as average computational time and shape measure difference, 1.41E-02 sec and 2.60E+00, respectively.
  14. Fulltext Solving fuzzy fractional differential equations using Zadeh's extension principle
    Ahmad MZ, Hasan MK, Abbasbandy S
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:454969.
    PMID: 24082853 DOI: 10.1155/2013/454969
    We study a fuzzy fractional differential equation (FFDE) and present its solution using Zadeh's extension principle. The proposed study extends the case of fuzzy differential equations of integer order. We also propose a numerical method to approximate the solution of FFDEs. To solve nonlinear problems, the proposed numerical method is then incorporated into an unconstrained optimisation technique. Several numerical examples are provided.
  15. Fulltext Management of unilateral masseter hypertrophy and hypertrophic scar-a case report
    Shetty N, Malaviya RK, Gupta MK
    Case Rep Dent, 2012;2012:521427.
    PMID: 22844620 DOI: 10.1155/2012/521427
    Masseter muscle hypertrophy is a rare condition of idiopathic cause. It clinically presents as an enlargement of one or both masseter muscles. Most patients complain of facial asymmetry; however, symptoms such as trismus, protrusion, and bruxism may also occur. Several treatment options reported for masseter hypertrophy are present, which range from simple pharmacotherapy to more invasive surgical reduction. Keloid scar with unilateral masseter hypertrophy is a rarely seen in clinical practice. This paper reports a case of unilateral masseter hypertrophy with keloid scar in the angle of the mandible for which surgical treatment was rendered to the patient by using a single approach.
  16. Postnatal treatment factors affecting craniofacial morphology of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients in a Japanese population
    Alam MK, Iida J, Sato Y, Kajii TS
    Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013 Dec;51(8):e205-10.
    PMID: 23099108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.10.001
    We have evaluated the craniofacial morphology of Japanese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and assessed the various postnatal factors that affect it. Lateral cephalograms of 140 subjects (mean (SD) aged 7 (2) years) with UCLP were taken before orthodontic treatment. Surgeons from Hokkaido University Hospital had done the primary operations. The craniofacial morphology was assessed by angular and linear cephalometric measurements. Cheiloplasty, palatoplasty, and preoperative orthopaedic treatment were chosen as postnatal factors. To compare the assessments of the postnatal factors, we made angular and linear cephalometric measurements for each subject and converted them into Z scores in relation to the mean (SD) of the two variables. Subjects treated by the modified Millard cheiloplasty had larger sella-nasion-point A (SNA) and nasion-point A-pogonion (NA-POG) measurements than subjects treated by the modified Millard with a vomer flap cheiloplasty. Two-stage palatoplasty showed consistently better craniofacial morphology than the other palatoplasty. Subjects who had preoperative orthopaedic treatment with a Hotz plate had significantly larger upper incisor/sella-nasion (U1-SN) measurements than who had no preoperative orthopaedic treatment or an active plate. We conclude that in subjects treated by a modified Millard type of cheiloplasty, a two-stage palatoplasty, and a Hotz plate there were fewer adverse effects on craniofacial morphology.
  17. Wing shape as a potential discriminator of morphologically similar pest taxa within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    Schutze MK, Jessup A, Clarke AR
    Bull. Entomol. Res., 2012 Feb;102(1):103-11.
    PMID: 21867577 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485311000423
    Four morphologically cryptic species of the Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly complex (B. dorsalis s.s., B. papayae, B. carambolae and B. philippinensis) are serious agricultural pests. As they are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic techniques, we examined the potential for geometric morphometric analysis of wing size and shape to discriminate between them. Fifteen wing landmarks generated size and shape data for 245 specimens for subsequent comparisons among three geographically distinct samples of each species. Intraspecific wing size was significantly different within samples of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis s.s. but not within samples of B. papayae or B. philippinensis. Although B. papayae had the smallest wings (average centroid size=6.002 mm±0.061 SE) and B. dorsalis s.s. the largest (6.349 mm±0.066 SE), interspecific wing size comparisons were generally non-informative and incapable of discriminating species. Contrary to the wing size data, canonical variate analysis based on wing shape data discriminated all species with a relatively high degree of accuracy; individuals were correctly reassigned to their respective species on average 93.27% of the time. A single sample group of B. carambolae from locality 'TN Malaysia' was the only sample to be considerably different from its conspecific groups with regards to both wing size and wing shape. This sample was subsequently deemed to have been originally misidentified and likely represents an undescribed species. We demonstrate that geometric morphometric techniques analysing wing shape represent a promising approach for discriminating between morphologically cryptic taxa of the B. dorsalis species complex.
  18. Fulltext Childhood adversity and adult depressive disorder: a case-controlled study in Malaysia
    Loh SF, Maniam T, Tan SM, Badi'ah Y
    East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2010 Jun;20(2):87-91.
    PMID: 22351814
    Objective: To describe the association between childhood adversity and depression in adult depressed patients in a Malaysian population.
    Methods: Fifty-two patients, who met the criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymia according to the Structured Clinical Interview based on the revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, were used as cases and compared with 52 controls matched for age and sex. Cases and controls were assessed using a sexual and physical abuse questionnaire and a Parental Bonding Instrument.
    Results: There was a positive relationship between childhood abuse in general and childhood physical abuse with adult depressive disorder in particular. Nearly a quarter (23%) of depressed patients reported being abused in childhood compared with none in the control group. There was no significant association between childhood loss and depression in adulthood. Low level of parental care during childhood was significantly correlated with adult depressive disorder.
    Conclusion: Clinicians should assiduously seek a history of childhood adversities in adult patients with depression. This information can influence clinical management by way of implementing secondary preventive measures. In all depressed patients, mental health professionals also need to look out for their poor attachment with parents during childhood. This may enable interventions directed at parenting skills and improved attachment relationships with their own children. These types of interventions together
    with pharmacotherapy may provide the optimal approach to the management of depression in adults and help prevent the cycle of depression perpetuating itself in the next generation.
    Key words: Child abuse; Depression; Maternal behavior
  19. Characterization of erythrosine B binding to bovine serum albumin and bilirubin displacement
    Mathavan VM, Boh BK, Tayyab S
    Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 2009 Aug;46(4):325-31.
    PMID: 19788065
    The interaction of crythrosine B (ErB), a commonly used dye for coloring foods and drinks, with bovine scrum albumin (BSA) was investigated both in the absence and presence of bilirubin (BR) using absorption and absorption difference spectroscopy. ErB binding to BSA was reflected from a significant red shift of 11 nm in the absorption maximum of ErB (527 nm) with the change in absorbance at lamdamax. Analysis of absorption difference spectroscopic titration results of BSA with increasing concentrations of ErB3 using Benesi-Hildebrand equation gave the association constant, K as 6.9 x 10(4) M(-1). BR displacing action of ErB was revealed by a significant blue shift in the absorption maximum, accompanied by a decrease in absorbance difference at lamdamax in the difference spectrum of BR-BSA complex upon addition of increasing concentrations of ErB. This was further substantiated by fluorescence spectroscopy, as addition of increasing concentrations of ErB to BR-BSA complex caused a significant decrease in fluoresccnce at 510 nm. The results suggest that ErB binds to a site in the vicinity of BR binding site on BSA. Therefore, intake of ErB may increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy subjects.
  20. Diluted povidone-iodine versus saline for dressing metal-skin interfaces in external fixation
    Chan CK, Saw A, Kwan MK, Karina R
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2009 Apr;17(1):19-22.
    PMID: 19398787
    To compare infection rates associated with 2 dressing solutions for metal-skin interfaces.
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