Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 658 in total

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  1. Fulltext Performance comparison of EasyFix G26 and HYDRASYS 2 SCAN for the detection of serum monoclonal proteins
    Amin Nordin FD, Mohd Khalid MKN, Abdul Aziz SM, Mohamad Bakri NA, Ahmad Ridzuan SN, Abdul Jalil J, et al.
    J Clin Lab Anal, 2020 Jun;34(6):e23254.
    PMID: 32141626 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23254
    BACKGROUND: Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is a widely used laboratory technique to diagnose patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and other disorders related to serum protein. In patients with MM, abnormal monoclonal protein can be detected by SPE and further characterized using immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). There are several semi-automated agarose gel-based systems available commercially for SPE and IFE. In this study, we sought to evaluate the analytical performance of fully automated EasyFix G26 (EFG26) and semi-automated HYDRASYS 2 SCAN (H2SCAN) for both SPE and IFE.

    METHODS: Both instruments were operated according to manufacturer's instructions. Samples used include a commercially available normal control serum (NCS) and patients' specimens. The following were evaluated: precision and comparison studies for SPE, and reproducibility and comparison studies for IFE. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel.

    RESULTS: For SPE repeatability study, our results showed that EFG26 has higher coefficient of variation (%CV) compared with H2SCAN for both samples except for monoclonal component with %CV of 0.97% and 1.18%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for SPE reproducibility study except for alpha-1 (4.16%) and beta (3.13%) fractions for NCS, and beta fractions (5.36%) for monoclonal sample. Subsequently, reproducibility for IFE was 100% for both instruments. Values for correlation coefficients between both instruments ranged from 0.91 to 0.98 for the five classic bands.

    CONCLUSION: Both instruments demonstrated good analytical performance characterized by high precision, reproducibility and correlation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Protein Electrophoresis/instrumentation*; Blood Protein Electrophoresis/methods
  2. Fulltext Cell patterning for liver tissue engineering via dielectrophoretic mechanisms
    Yahya WN, Kadri NA, Ibrahim F
    Sensors (Basel), 2014 Jul 02;14(7):11714-34.
    PMID: 24991941 DOI: 10.3390/s140711714
    Liver transplantation is the most common treatment for patients with end-stage liver failure. However, liver transplantation is greatly limited by a shortage of donors. Liver tissue engineering may offer an alternative by providing an implantable engineered liver. Currently, diverse types of engineering approaches for in vitro liver cell culture are available, including scaffold-based methods, microfluidic platforms, and micropatterning techniques. Active cell patterning via dielectrophoretic (DEP) force showed some advantages over other methods, including high speed, ease of handling, high precision and being label-free. This article summarizes liver function and regenerative mechanisms for better understanding in developing engineered liver. We then review recent advances in liver tissue engineering techniques and focus on DEP-based cell patterning, including microelectrode design and patterning configuration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis/instrumentation; Electrophoresis/methods*
  3. Simple, time saving pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for the typing of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    Shueh CS, Neela V, Hussin S, Hamat RA
    J Microbiol Methods, 2013 Aug;94(2):141-143.
    PMID: 23756145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.001
    We developed a time-saving and cost-efficient Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) method for the typing of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by modifying the conventional procedures. Our modifications related to the cell suspension preparation, lysis of bacterial cells in plugs, washing steps, and consumption of restriction enzyme. Although few rapid PFGE protocols on Gram-negative bacteria are available, the use of comparatively large amounts of costly reagents prompted us to look for other alternative. Hence, by considering the speed, simplicity, and relatively low cost, the modified protocol may be of more practical value than other established protocols in investigating S. maltophilia nosocomial outbreaks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/economics; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/methods*
  4. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in colorectal cancer using hydroxyapatite column and SDS-PAGE
    Lim SR, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2011 Nov;165(5-6):1211-24.
    PMID: 21863284 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9339-3
    Limitation on two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis technique causes some proteins to be under presented, especially the extreme acidic, basic, or membrane proteins. To overcome the limitation of 2D electrophoresis, an analysis method was developed for identification of differentially expressed proteins in normal and cancerous colonic tissues using self-pack hydroxyapatite (HA) column. Normal and cancerous colon tissues were homogenized and proteins were extracted using sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. Protein concentration was determined and the proteins were loaded unto the HA column. HA column reduced the complexity of proteins mixture by fractionating the proteins according to their ionic strength. Further protein separation was accomplished by a simple and cost effective sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. The protein bands were subjected to in-gel digestion and protein analysis was performed using electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometer. There were 17 upregulated proteins and seven downregulated proteins detected with significant differential expression. Some of these proteins were low abundant proteins or proteins with extreme pH that were usually under presented in 2D gel analysis. We have identified brain mitochondrial carrier protein 1, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a, SOSS complex subunit B2, and Protein Jade 1 which were previously not detected in 2D gel analysis method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/economics; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/methods*
  5. Determination of quinocide as impurity in primaquine tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis
    Elbashir AA, Saad B, Ali AS, Saleh MI, Aboul-Enein HY
    Biomed Chromatogr, 2009 May;23(5):464-71.
    PMID: 19016231 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1137
    A capillary zone electrophoretic method has been developed and validated for the determination of the impurity quinocide (QC) in the antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ). Different buffer additives such as native cyclodextrins and crown ethers were evaluated. Promising results were obtained when either beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) or 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) were used. Their separation conditions such as type of buffer and its pH, buffer additive concentration, applied voltage capillary temperature and injection time were optimized. The use of 18C6 offers slight advantages over beta-CD such as faster elution times and improved resolution. Nevertheless, migration times of less than 5 min and resolution factors (R(s)) in the range of 2-4 were obtained when both additives were used. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, analytical precision (intra- and inter-day variability) and repeatability. Concentrations of 2.12 and 2.71% (w/w) of QC were found in pharmaceutical preparations of PQ from two different manufacturers. A possible mechanism for the successful separation of the isomers is also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Capillary/economics; Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods*
  6. Structural identification of haemoglobin F Kuala Lumpur: alpha2 gamma2 22(B4)Asp leads to Gly; 136 Ala
    Luan Eng LI, Wiltshire BG, Lehmann H
    Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1973 Oct 18;322(2):224-30.
    PMID: 4765089
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Paper; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel
  7. Fluorescent quantitation method for differentiating the nativity of green fluorescent protein
    Chew FN, Tan WS, Tey BT
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2011 Feb;111(2):246-8.
    PMID: 21036662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.10.004
    A gel imaging method was employed to quantitate the GFP that had been subjected to denaturation and degradation treatments. This method is able to differentiate the nativity of GFP by relating the observed changes in the position of fluorescent bands which is unable to be detected using the spectrofluorometric method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  8. Recent developments and applications of liquid phase microextraction in fruits and vegetables analysis
    Abdulra'uf LB, Sirhan AY, Huat Tan G
    J Sep Sci, 2012 Dec;35(24):3540-53.
    PMID: 23225719 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200427
    The sample preparation step has been identified as the bottleneck of analytical methodology in chemical analysis. Therefore, there is need for the development of cost-effective, easy to operate, and environmentally friendly miniaturized sample preparation technique. The microextraction techniques combine extraction, isolation, concentration, and introduction of analytes into analytical instrument, to a single and uninterrupted step, and improve sample throughput. The use of liquid-phase microextraction techniques for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables are discussed with the focus on the methodologies employed by different researchers and their analytical performances. Analytes are extracted using water-immiscible solvents and are desorbed into gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis for identification and quantitation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Capillary
  9. A new thio-Schiff base fluorophore with copper ion sensing, DNA binding and nuclease activity
    Vikneswaran R, Syafiq MS, Eltayeb NE, Kamaruddin MN, Ramesh S, Yahya R
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2015 Nov 5;150:175-80.
    PMID: 26046495 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.087
    Copper ion recognition and DNA interaction of a newly synthesized fluorescent Schiff base (HPyETSC) were investigated using UV-vis and fluorescent spectroscopy. Examination using these two techniques revealed that the detection of copper by HPyETSC is highly sensitive and selective, with a detection limit of 0.39 μm and the mode of interaction between HPyETSC and DNA is electrostatic, with a binding constant of 8.97×10(4) M(-1). Furthermore, gel electrophoresis studies showed that HPyETSC exhibited nuclease activity through oxidative pathway.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis
  10. Fulltext DNA tetrominoes: the construction of DNA nanostructures using self-organised heterogeneous deoxyribonucleic acids shapes
    Ong HS, Rahim MS, Firdaus-Raih M, Ramlan EI
    PLoS One, 2015;10(8):e0134520.
    PMID: 26258940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134520
    The unique programmability of nucleic acids offers alternative in constructing excitable and functional nanostructures. This work introduces an autonomous protocol to construct DNA Tetris shapes (L-Shape, B-Shape, T-Shape and I-Shape) using modular DNA blocks. The protocol exploits the rich number of sequence combinations available from the nucleic acid alphabets, thus allowing for diversity to be applied in designing various DNA nanostructures. Instead of a deterministic set of sequences corresponding to a particular design, the protocol promotes a large pool of DNA shapes that can assemble to conform to any desired structures. By utilising evolutionary programming in the design stage, DNA blocks are subjected to processes such as sequence insertion, deletion and base shifting in order to enrich the diversity of the resulting shapes based on a set of cascading filters. The optimisation algorithm allows mutation to be exerted indefinitely on the candidate sequences until these sequences complied with all the four fitness criteria. Generated candidates from the protocol are in agreement with the filter cascades and thermodynamic simulation. Further validation using gel electrophoresis indicated the formation of the designed shapes. Thus, supporting the plausibility of constructing DNA nanostructures in a more hierarchical, modular, and interchangeable manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis
  11. Latent polyphenol oxidases from sago log (Metroxylon sagu): partial purification, activation, and some properties
    Onsa GH, bin Saari N, Selamat J, Bakar J
    J Agric Food Chem, 2000 Oct;48(10):5041-5.
    PMID: 11052775
    Latent polyphenol oxidase (LPPO), an enzyme responsible for the browning reaction of sago starches during processing and storage, was investigated. The enzyme was effectively extracted and partially purified from the pith using combinations of nonionic detergents. With Triton X-114 and a temperature-induced phase partitioning method, the enzyme showed a recovery of 70% and purification of 4. 1-fold. Native PAGE analysis of the partially purified LPPO revealed three activity bands when stained with catechol and two bands with pyrogallol. The molecular masses of the enzymes were estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 37, 45, and 53 kDa. The enzyme showed optimum pH values of 4.5 with 4-methylcatechol as a substrate and 7.5 with pyrogallol. The LPPO was highly reactive toward diphenols and triphenols. The activity of the enzyme was greatly enhanced in the presence of trypsin, SDS, ethanol, and linoleic acid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  12. Fulltext Detection of Vibrio cholerae 01 from aquatic environment in Sarawak
    Norazah A, Zainuldin MT, Kamel AGM, Kamaliah MN, Taha AM
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):4-9.
    PMID: 11503295
    The detection of Vibrio cholerae 01 from the aquatic environment of Daro and Bintulu in Sarawak was carried out following an outbreak of cholera. Conventional culture methods and detection of ctx gene by polymerase chain reaction technique were carried out on 80 water samples. Only one sample was positive by culture methods while 8 were positive by PCR. DNA finger printing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the clinical isolates in Daro and Bintulu were genetically identical while the environmental isolate was closely related. Recovery of Vibrio cholerae by culture method is poor and newer methods of detection should be developed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
  13. Placental alkaline phosphatase types in Japanese
    Blake NM, Kirk RL, Matsumoto H
    Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi, 1969 Mar;13(4):243-8.
    PMID: 5815017
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis
  14. Lack of IL-1RA gene polymorphism association in malay and chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    Azizah MR, Kuak SH, Ainol SS, Kong NCT, Rahim MN, Normaznah Y
    International Medical Journal (Tokyo), 2004;11(1):9-12.
    Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease of autoimmune nature. Genetic pre-disposition has been known to play a role. With a number of genes already named, the IL-RA is no exception. Polymorphism in the human cytokine gene, an uncommon allele of a variable repeat polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL1-RA gene has been found to be associated with SLE. Objective: The aim of this present study was to study the polymorphism of the IL-1RA gene in Malay and Chinese SLE patients and to investigate the possible contribution of the IL-RA gene polymorphism in disease susceptibility. Materials and Methods: We thus investigated the allele frequencies of the IL-RA gene polymorphism in 87 Malay and 100 Chinese SLE population at the Hospital of National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur by PCR and direct analysis by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Unrelated healthy ethnically-matched individuals were taken as controls. Results: Allelic frequencies of the IL1-RN*4 were most dominant in all groups (patients and controls) but there was no significant differences among them. We found an increased allelic frequency and carriage rate of the IL1-RN*2 repeat in both the Malay and Chinese SLE cases compared to controls. However they were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Thus from this finding we postulate that the polymorphism of the IL-1RA gene (both alleles 2 and 4) does not influence susceptibility to SLE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis
  15. Fulltext Morphological and molecular datasets for Kaempferia species
    Labrooy C, Abdullah TL, Stanslas J
    Data Brief, 2018 Dec;21:1678-1685.
    PMID: 30505900 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.097
    This study compared morphological and molecular data for identification of Kaempferia species. Each species was deposited in Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) as voucher specimens and ITS sequences of each species deposited in NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) as GenBank accessions. DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB method and PCR amplification was completed using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS4 and ITS5) markers. PCR amplification of products were viewed under gel electrophoresis. Sequencing was performed and sequence characteristics of ITS rDNA in Kaempferia is shown. Qualitative and qualitative scoring of morphological characters and measuring techniques for Kaempferia species are included. In addition, a brief review of molecular markers used in phylogenetic studies of Zingiberaceae is included in this dataset.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis
  16. Enzymatic hydrolysis: Sialylated mucin (SiaMuc) glycoprotein of edible swiftlet's nest (ESN) and its molecular weight distribution as bioactive ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide hydrolysate
    Hui Yan T, Lim SJ, Babji AS, Rawi MH, Sarbini SR
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Apr 01;175:422-431.
    PMID: 33561458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.007
    Bioactive edible swiftlet's nest (ESN) sialylated-mucin (SiaMuc) hydrolysate is produced by alcalase hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis of ESN breakdown high-valued ESN SiaMuc-glycoprotein into bioactive SiaMuc-glycopeptide. This is a breakthrough for the issue of insolubility and low extraction rate in ESN, and even increases the bioavailability of ESN nutritional functionality and health benefits. Hydrolysis of ESN SiaMuc-glycoprotein was performed for 1 to 4 h and its effect on physicochemical properties, molecular weight (MW) distribution, SiaMuc-glycoprotein and glycopeptide integrity were determined. Other than improvement in solubility and bioavailability as SiaMuc-glycopeptide, results from SDS-PAGE revealed that MW of SiaMuc-glycoprotein decreased from 42.0-148.8 kDa to 17.7-142.7 kDa with increasing hydrolysis period. Further hydrolysis from maximized DH (90 min) showed an insignificant effect on the MW of ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide and remained constant at 15.2 kDa. This highlights that enzymatic hydrolysis only influences macro SiaMuc-glycoprotein fractions (142.7, 115.3 and 102.7 kDa), while the majority of SiaMuc-glycopeptide fractions from 36.6-98.6 kDa remained intact. Conclusively, alcalase hydrolysis of ESN showed high recovery in the form of bioactive ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide. Therefore, enzymatic biotechnology is an economic alternative applicable on ESN that broaden industrial utilization by reducing the MW without destroying the quality of bioactive SiaMuc-glycoprotein.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  17. Fulltext Extraction of collagen and gelatin from the scales of different freshwater fish
    Noor Hasniza Md Zin, Widya Abdul Wahab, Najatin Nur Ariffin
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2019;3(4):894-903.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Collagen and gelatin are essential protein in vertebrates and extensively used in various industries. Methods: In this study, acid-solubilized collagen and gelatin were extracted from the scales of three different species of freshwater fish namely Kelah (Tombroides), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Snakehead fish (Channidae) and then further quantified using Bradford assay and separated by molecular weight using SDS-PAGE. Results: The extracted collagen in Tilapia fish scale was found to be the highest with 0.018 of protein absorbance among the other three fish; Kelah fish (0.017) and Snakehead fish (0.011). For gelatin, Snakehead fish scales showed the highest amount of total protein concentration followed by Tilapia and Kelah fish with 0.467, 0.144 and 0.037 μg/μL per g, respectively. Based on the SDS-PAGE results, collagen from all the three freshwater fishes were identified as a type 1 (molecular weight approximately from 95 to 130 kDa) collagen. As for gelatin, only gelatin from Snakehead fish scale was identified to be a type 1(molecular weight approximately from 95 to 130 kDa) while the other two freshwater fishes showed no clear band due to high viscosity of the gelatin produced. Conclusion: It can be said that the fishes investigated in this study have a potential to be the alternative source of collagen and gelatin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  18. Proteomic Investigations of In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontal Disease
    Binti Badlishah Sham NI, Lewin SD, Grant MM
    Proteomics Clin Appl, 2020 05;14(3):e1900043.
    PMID: 31419032 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900043
    Proteomics has currently been a developing field in periodontal diseases to obtain protein information of certain samples. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder that attacks the teeth, connective tissues, and alveolar bone within the oral cavity. Proteomics information can provide proteins that are differentially expressed in diseased or healthy samples. This review provides insight into approaches researching single species, multi species, bacteria, non-human, and human models of periodontal disease for proteomics information. The approaches that have been taken include gel electrophoresis and qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry. This review is carried out by extracting information about in vitro and in vivo studies of proteomics in models of periodontal diseases that have been carried out in the past two decades. The research has concentrated on a relatively small but well-known group of microorganisms. A wide range of models has been reviewed and conclusions across the breadth of these studies are presented in this review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
  19. Fulltext Partial purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from Chinese parsley (Coriandrum sativum)
    Lin H, Ng AWR, Wong CW
    Food Sci Biotechnol, 2016;25(Suppl 1):91-96.
    PMID: 30263491 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0103-x
    Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from Chinese parsley (Coriandrum sativum) were achieved. Crude PPO exhibited an enzyme activity of 1,952.24 EU/mL. PPO was partially purified up to 6.52x with a 10.89% yield using gel filtration chromatography. Maximal PPO activity was found at 35°C, pH 8.0 for 4-methylcatechol and at 40°C, pH 7.0 for catechol. PPO showed a higher affinity towards 4-methylcatechol, but a higher thermal stability when reacting with catechol. LCysteine was a better inhibitor than citric acid for reducing PPO activity at concentrations of 1 and 3mM in the presence of either substrate. Two 46 kDa isoenzymes were identified using SDS-PAGE. Isolation and characterization of Chinese parsley serves as a guideline for prediction of enzyme behavior leading to effective prevention of enzymatic browning during processing and storage, including inhibition and inactivation of PPO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  20. Fulltext A Review of Gelatin Source Authentication Methods
    Hameed AM, Asiyanbi-H T, Idris M, Fadzillah N, Mirghani MES
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Jul;29(2):213-227.
    PMID: 30112151 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.15
    Gelatin is a very popular pharmaceutical and food ingredient and the most studied ingredient in Halal researches. Interest in source gelatin authentication is based on religious and cultural beliefs, food fraud prevention and health issues. Seven gelatin authentication methods that have been developed include: nucleic acid based, immunochemical, electrophoretic analysis, spectroscopic, mass-spectrometric, chromatographic-chemometric and chemisorption methods. These methods are time consuming, and require capital intensive equipment with huge running cost. Reliability of gelatin authentication methods is challenged mostly by transformation of gelatin during processing and close similarities among gelatin structures. This review concisely presents findings and challenges in this research area and suggests needs for more researches on development of rapid authentication method and process-transformed gelatins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrophoresis
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