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Identification of the major allergens of Indian scad (Decapterus russelli)

Misnan R, Murad S, Jones M, Taylor G, Rahman D, Arip M, et al.

Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2008 Dec;26(4):191-8.
PMID: 19317337

The purpose of this study was to characterize major allergens of Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) which is among the most commonly consumed fish in Malaysia. Raw and cooked extracts of the fish were prepared. Protein profiles and IgE binding patterns were produced by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting using sera from subjects with fish allergy. The major allergens of the fish were then identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by mass spectrometry of the peptide digests. The SDS-PAGE of the raw extract revealed 27 protein fractions over a wide molecular weight range, while the cooked extract demonstrated only six protein fractions. The 1-DE immunoblotting detected 14 IgE-binding proteins, with a molecular weight range from 90 to < 6.5 kDa. Three protein fractions with molecular weights of approximately 51, 46 and 12 kDa were identified as the major allergens of this fish. The approximately 12 kDa band was a heat-resistant protein while the approximately 51 and 46 kDa proteins were sensitive to heat. The 2-DE gel profile of the raw extract demonstrated > 100 distinct protein spots and immunoblotting detected at least 10 different major IgE reactive spots with molecular masses as expected and isoelectric point (pI) values ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. A comparison of the major allergenic spot sequences of the 12 kDa proteins with known protein sequences in databases revealed extensive similarity with fish parvalbumin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that a parvalbumin which is similar to Gad c 1 is the major allergen of Indian scad. Interestingly, we also detected heat-sensitive proteins as major allergenic components in our fish allergy patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes/immunology*; Perciformes/metabolism
Habitat segregation and cryptic adaptation of species of Periophthalmus (Gobioidei: Gobiidae)

Polgar G, Zaccara S, Babbucci M, Fonzi F, Antognazza CM, Ishak N, et al.

J Fish Biol, 2017 May;90(5):1926-1943.
PMID: 28239874 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13276

A study was conducted on the habitat distribution of four sympatric species of Periophthalmus (the silver-lined mudskipper Periophthalmus argentilineatus, the slender mudskipper Periophthalmus gracilis, the kalolo mudskipper Periophthalmus kalolo and the Malacca mudskipper Periophthalmus malaccensis) from northern Sulawesi. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions based on one mtDNA marker (16S) were used to validate the morphological taxa, identifying five molecular clades. Periophthalmus argentilineatus includes two molecular species, which are named Periophthalmus argentilineatus clades F and K. Multivariate direct gradient analysis show that these species form three distinct ecological guilds, with the two molecular species occurring in different guilds. Periophthalmus clade F is ecologically eurytypic; Periophthalmus clade K and P. kalolo are prevalent in ecosystems isolated by strong oceanic currents and at shorter distances from the sea; P. gracilis plus P. malaccensis are prevalent in ecosystems connected by shallow coastal waters, in vegetated habitats at larger distances from the sea. This indicates for the first time that mudskipper species exhibit a range of adaptations to semiterrestrialism not only within genera, but even within morphospecies, delineating a much more complex adaptive scenario than previously assumed.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes/genetics; Perciformes/physiology*
Use of cestodes as indicator of heavy-metal pollution

Yen Nhi TT, Mohd Shazili NA, Shaharom-Harrison F

Exp Parasitol, 2013 Jan;133(1):75-9.
PMID: 23146722 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.10.014

Thirty snakehead fish, Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831) were collected at Lake Kenyir, Malaysia. Muscle, liver, intestine and kidney tissues were removed from each fish and the intestine was opened to reveal cestodes. In order to assess the concentration of heavy metal in the environment, samples of water in the surface layer and sediment were also collected. Tissues were digested and the concentrations of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were analysed by using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipment. The results demonstrated that the cestode Senga parva (Fernando and Furtado, 1964) from fish hosts accumulated some heavy metals to a greater extent than the water and some fish tissues, but less than the sediment. In three (Pb, Zn and Mn) of the five elements measured, cestodes accumulated the highest metal concentrations, and in remaining two (Cu and Cd), the second highest metal accumulation was recorded in the cestodes when compared to host tissues. Therefore, the present study indicated that Senga parva accumulated metals and might have potential as a bioindicator of heavy-metal pollution.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes/metabolism; Perciformes/parasitology*
Echium oil increased the expression of a Δ4 Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase and the deposition of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in comparison with linseed oil in striped snakehead (Channa striata) muscle

Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC, Kuah MK

Fish Physiol Biochem, 2016 Aug;42(4):1107-22.
PMID: 26842427 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0201-y

Despite the potential of vegetable oils as aquafeed ingredients, a major drawback associated with their utilization is the inferior level of beneficial n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Echium oil (EO), which is rich in stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3), could potentially improve the deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA as the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA is enhanced through bypassing the rate-limiting ∆6 desaturation step. We report for the first time an attempt to investigate whether the presence of a desaturase (Fads2) capable of ∆4 desaturation activities and an elongase (Elovl5) will leverage the provision of dietary SDA to produce a higher rate of LC-PUFA bioconversion. Experimental diets were designed containing fish oil (FO), EO or linseed oil (LO) (100FO, 100EO, 100LO), and diets which comprised equal mixtures of the designated oils (50EOFO and 50EOLO) were evaluated in a 12-week feeding trial involving striped snakeheads (Channa striata). There was no significant difference in growth and feed conversion efficiency. The hepatic fatty acid composition and higher expression of fads2 and elovl5 genes in fish fed EO-based diets indicate the utilization of dietary SDA for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Collectively, this resulted in a higher deposition of muscle eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) compared to LO-based diets. Dietary EO improved the ratio of n-3 LC-PUFA to n-6 LC-PUFA in fish muscle, which is desirable for human populations with excessive consumption of n-6 PUFA. This study validates the contribution of SDA in improving the content of n-3 LC-PUFA and the ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) in a freshwater carnivorous species.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes/genetics; Perciformes/metabolism*
Fulltext Fully-automated identification of fish species based on otolith contour: using short-time Fourier transform and discriminant analysis (STFT-DA)

Salimi N, Loh KH, Kaur Dhillon S, Chong VC

PeerJ, 2016;4:e1664.
PMID: 26925315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1664

Background. Fish species may be identified based on their unique otolith shape or contour. Several pattern recognition methods have been proposed to classify fish species through morphological features of the otolith contours. However, there has been no fully-automated species identification model with the accuracy higher than 80%. The purpose of the current study is to develop a fully-automated model, based on the otolith contours, to identify the fish species with the high classification accuracy. Methods. Images of the right sagittal otoliths of 14 fish species from three families namely Sciaenidae, Ariidae, and Engraulidae were used to develop the proposed identification model. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) was used, for the first time in the area of otolith shape analysis, to extract important features of the otolith contours. Discriminant Analysis (DA), as a classification technique, was used to train and test the model based on the extracted features. Results. Performance of the model was demonstrated using species from three families separately, as well as all species combined. Overall classification accuracy of the model was greater than 90% for all cases. In addition, effects of STFT variables on the performance of the identification model were explored in this study. Conclusions. Short-time Fourier transform could determine important features of the otolith outlines. The fully-automated model proposed in this study (STFT-DA) could predict species of an unknown specimen with acceptable identification accuracy. The model codes can be accessed at http://mybiodiversityontologies.um.edu.my/Otolith/ and https://peerj.com/preprints/1517/. The current model has flexibility to be used for more species and families in future studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Checklist of the coral fish fauna of Xisha Islands, China

Qiu S, Chen B, Du J, Loh KH, Liao J, Liu X, et al.

Biodivers Data J, 2021;9:e63945.
PMID: 33732033 DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e63945

Background: The Xisha Islands are composed of the Yongle Islands and the Xuande Islands in Hainan Province, China. It has one of the highest species diversity in the world and is also a typical oceanic distribution area of coral reefs globally. The ichthyofauna of the Xisha Islands were recorded by underwater visual census in May 2019 and July 2020. The survey data were combined with previous records of species into the checklist of the Xisha Islands presented herein. A total of 691 species, belonging to 24 orders and 97 families, was recorded. The major families were Labridae, Pomacentridae, Serranidae, Chaetodontidae, Hexanchidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Gobiidae, Scorpaenidae and Carangidae. In this study, the Coral Fish iversity Index (CFDI) of six families (Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae and Acanthuridae) was 229, indicating 756 coral fishes. In terms of the IUCN Red List, one species is Critically Endangered (Glyphis gangeticus), six species are Endangered (Stegostoma fasciatum, Aetomylaeus maculatus, Aetomylaeus vespertilio, Epinephelus akaara, Cheilinusundulatus sp. and Xiphias gladius), 16 species are Vulnerable, and 13 species are Near Threatened in the Xisha Archipelago, so conservation should be strengthened in this area in the future.
New information: One species is a new record for China (Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus) and 23 species are newly found in the Xisha Islands.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Hidden genetic diversity in snakeskin gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis (Perciformes, Osphronemidae), inferred from the mitochondrial DNA CO1 gene

Tan MP, Amornsakun T, Siti Azizah MN, Habib A, Sung YY, Danish-Daniel M

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2019 Sep 12;4(2):2966-2969.
PMID: 33365813 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1662741

Eighty-four specimens collected from 13 populations from Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam were analysed, revealing 21 putative haplotypes with overall estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversities of 0.79 and 0.0079, respectively. High levels of diversity and an absence of founder effects were observed among populations in peninsular Malaysia. In contrast, populations from Sarawak exhibited low genetic diversity, which is a typical sign of colonies introduced from a single source. Historical translocation of Trichopodus pectoralis from Thailand to Malaysia, as well as to the Philippines, Indonesia, and Myanmar was apparent. Historical introduction of T. pectoralis from Vietnam was also detected in peninsular Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Complete mitochondrial genome of six Cheilinus undulatus (Napoleon Wrasse): an endangered marine fish species from Sabah, Malaysia

Matthew P, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Rodrigues KF

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2018 Oct 12;3(2):943-944.
PMID: 33474374 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1473725

We report here the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of six individuals of Cheilinus undulatus (Napoleon Wrasse), an endangered marine fish species. The six mt DNA sequences had an average size of 17,000 kb and encoded 22 tRNA, two sRNA, 13 highly conserved protein coding genes and a control region. The polymorphic variation (control region) in these six individuals suggests their potential use as a specific marker for phylogeographic conservation. Moreover, the sequence polymorphism within the control region (D-loop) suggests that this locus can be applied for phylogenetic studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext COPEPOD AND NEMATODE PARASITES OF THE THREE-SPOTTED DAMSELFISH Dascyllus trimaculatus FROM BIDONGISLAND, TERENGGANU

PEI YING LEE, YUSRI YUSOF, MELISSA BEATA MARTIN

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(1):7-16.
MyJurnal

This study focuses on the parasites in Dascyllus trimaculatus fish in Bidong Island. Though D. trimaculatus is a common reef fish, there is lack on parasites studies of this fish in Malaysia. The objectives of this study are to identify metazoan parasites and analyse the prevalence and mean intensity the parasites in D. trimaculatus. Sampling was randomly conducted on a coral colony of 100 meters within a 15m depth at Pantai Pasir Cina,BidongIsland.ThisresearchresultedintheidentificationofacopepodLernaeocera branchialis and a nematode from the family Camallanidae. The copepods collected in this study infected 20 out of 42 D. trimaculatus specimens, whereas the nematode-like parasites collected infected 18 of out of 42 D. trimaculatus. All copepods found in the gills of D. trimaculatus had a prevalence of 4.95 and mean intensity of 47.62%, while the nematode-like parasite, which were found in the brain, had 2.72 prevalence and 42.86% mean intensity. This elucidates that both parasites are categorised as having light levelbut common frequency of infection, and the current IUCN status of D. trimaculatus has not been reported to be harmedby parasites. Though the mean intensity of both parasites isnot harmful, the prevalence are concerning and might increase in the future, with further incorporation and monitoring of climate change factors that may affect the damselfish.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext EFFECTS OF TANK COLOUR ON BODY COLOUR INTENSITY AND GROWTH OF YELLOW GOURAMI Trichopodus trichopterus

Asra Nor Izaty, A., Norazmi-Lokman, N. H.

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(4):9-18.
MyJurnal

Yellow gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus) is a species native to Southeast Asia and is famous as ornamental species. However, hobbyists and farmers encounter problems where its body colour easily becomes faded in captivity. Since colour enhancer pellets are expensive, an experiment was performed to determine whether tank colour can influence the body colour intensity and growth of T. trichopterus. Four different tank colours (white, yellow, blue and green) with five replicates were tested where fish were kept under natural lighting (outdoor) conditions for two months. The results demonstrated that fish reared in green coloured tank showed an increment in its colour intensity while fish reared in white tanks increased its body weight. It can be concluded that tank colour does affect the body colour intensity and weight of T. trichopterus. This study will help farmers and hobbyists to solve colour fading problem using a cheaper way.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Studies on Leaf Venation in Selected Taxa of the Genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Badron UH, Talip N, Mohamad AL, Affenddi AE, Juhari AA

Trop Life Sci Res, 2014 Dec;25(2):111-25.
PMID: 27073603 MyJurnal

A study on the variation of leaf venation patterns was conducted on 21 taxa of the genus Ficus in Peninsular Malaysia. The results showed the existence of eight leaf venation patterns based on veinlets, the ultimate marginal and areolar venation. The majority of species, such as F. annulata, F. benghalensis, F. benjamina, F. deltoidea var. angustifolia, F. deltoidea var. kunstleri, F. depressa, F. elastica, F. hispida, F. microcarpa, F. religiosa, F. tinctoria, F. ucinata and F. vasculosa, show tri-veinlets. The others exhibit the following: bi-veinlets in F. aurata and F. heteropleura; uni-veinlets in F. lepicarpa, F. schwarzii and F. superba; and simple veinlets in F. aurantiacea and F. fulva. F. sagittata presents no veinlets for areolar venation. The presence of tracheid or swollen veins at the centre of the lamina and the presence of cystolith cells and trichomes are common anatomical characteristics that could assist in group classification of the studied species. Variations in leaf venation patterns are not only valuable in identifying a taxon group, but can also be used to differentiate between species in the genus Ficus.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Some Biological Aspects of Bigeye Scad, Selar crumenophthalmus from Bangaa Faru, Maldives

Fadzly N, Adeeb S, Md Sah ASR

Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jul;28(2):127-141.
PMID: 28890766 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.10

In this paper, we studied some biological aspects of big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) from Maldives. The fish sample was collected from the local fish market at Bangaa Faru, Male, Maldives. The length of the samples were ranged from 7.7 cm to 24.5 cm (mean value = 16.85 ± 2.82 cm) in fork length. Body weight ranged between 8 g to 255.6 g (mean value = 87.76 ± 40.41 g). The exponent values (b slope) of lengthweight relationship of S. crumenophthalmus are 2.9838 for females and 2.7687 for males; indicating negative allometric growth pattern for both sexes. Synchronous reproductive behaviour was observed in both sexes and a pronounced peak of Gonadosomatic index was observed in females in January 2013. It is estimated that length at first maturity (L50) for females is at 19.39 cm FL and for males at 21.76 cm FL. Our result also suggest that big eye scad have a reduced swimming capability, resulting the species to be easily caught. Careful planning and management should be implemented to prevent the big eye scad from being overfished.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Preliminary assessment on autecological studies of beardless barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon (valenciennes, 1842) from Muda Reservoir of Kedah, Malaysia

Nor Aziella Mohd Rosli, Khaironizam Md Zain

Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):63-69.
MyJurnal

Like many other countries, reservoirs in Malaysia are primarily built for various
functions such as hydroelectric power generation, drinking water supply, flood mitigation
and irrigation for agricultural purposes. Artisanal fisheries activities were also performed in
these reservoirs. The freshwater fish are a requisite source of protein for the rural
population. Consequently, the fish resources in reservoirs should be carefully maintained
at sustainable level. Present study elucidates the preliminary assessment on autecological
studies of beardless barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon as a model of fish biota in Muda
Reservoir. This research investigates the growth pattern of C. apogon using length-weight
relationship and their condition factor. A total of 307 specimens were captured using cast
net for six consecutive months from March 2014 until August 2014. The growth coefficient
(b) from the length-weight equation (W = aLb
) for male and female of C. apogon were
3.150 and 3.185, respectively, indicating positive allometric growth. The condition factor
values of male and female of C. apogon were 1.023 ± 0.111 and 1.026 ± 0.100,
respectively, suggesting that C. apogon is in good condition in Muda Reservoir. The
paucity of research on the autecological study in the Muda Reservoir contributes to the
main reason of performing this research. The findings will serve as baseline information of
this species in Muda Reservoir, as well as for comparative study in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Fat content and EPA and DHA levels of selected marine, freshwater fish and shellfish species from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Wan Rosli W. I., Rohana, A. J., Gan, S. H., Noor Fadzlina, H., Rosliza, H., Helmy, H., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):815-821.
MyJurnal

The total lipid contents and the concentration of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic
(DHA) fatty acid of fourteen selected marine, three freshwater fish species, four shellfish species and two selected canned fish species of East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia were determined. The fat content of all samples ranged from 1.01 % to 15.83 % with silver catfish reported to have the highest value. Most of the fish had fat amounts lower than 10% of their total weight. In general, DHA concentrations (50.50-165.21 µg/g) were significantly higher than EPA (11.12-55.38 µg/g) in all of the fish species analyzed. Among all marine fish species, the sixbar grouper recorded the highest concentration of DHA (165.21 µg/g) while barramundi had the highest concentration of EPA (55.38 µg/g). In conclusion, all fish and shellfish species are considered a good source of EPA and DHA, representing a very valuable essential nutrient for maintenance of human health.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Effects of different levels of CO2 on biochemical changes and relationships among different quality indices in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta)

Chong, C.Y., Fatimah, A.B., Russly, A.R., Jamilah, B., Selvi, V., Maryam, S.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(1):383-389.
MyJurnal

The profile of total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), pH, biogenic amines were studied in Indian mackerel packed under different levels of CO2. Gutted and beheaded Indian mackerel was stored in air, vacuum packaging (VP), 30% CO2/65% N2/5% O2 (M30C), 60% CO2/35%N2/5%O2 (M60C), 80% CO2/15%N2/5% O2 (M80C) and 100% CO2 (M100C) at 5°C for 12 days. The application of VP and MAP was effective in retarding the formation of TVBN, total biogenic amines and improve the shelf life of Indian mackerel. Cadaverine obtained the best correlation with storage time when compared with other biogenic amines. Cadaverine or cadaverine + putrescine can serve as a reliable objective freshness indicator of fish stored in different atmospheres. Among the commonly used freshness indices, TVBN was the best quality indicator correlated with histamine. VP and MAP conditions influenced the performance of quality indicators. pH was a good quality indicator of spoilage in air-stored fish except for VP and MAP packed fish. Lower value of TVBN (30 mg/100g) was suggested as an upper limit for this species of fish under MAP condition based on APC and sensory result.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Effects of different types and concentration of salts on the rheological and thermal properties of sin croaker and shortfin scad skin gelatin

Sarbon, N.M., Cheow, C.S., Kyaw. Z.W., Howell, N.K.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(1):317-324.
MyJurnal

The aims of this study were to examine the effect of salts (CaCl2, CaSO4 and MgSO4) on the rheological and thermal properties of gelatin extracted from the skins of tropical fishes, sin croaker (Johnius dussumeiri) and shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma). It was found that the melting temperatures of fish skin gelatins were increased by 1.5 times as compared to bovine gelatin which was only increased by 0.5 times after holding for 2 h at 5°C. The storage (G’) and loss (G”) modulus of fish skin gelatins were improved with the addition of calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), respectively. However, the storage (G’) and loss (G”) modulus of gelatin solutions were decreased with the addition of calcium chloride (CaCl2). Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) was found to be an effective salt to improve the bloom value, elastic and viscous moduli of the fish skin gelatin. This study showed that shortfin scad skin gelatin with salt addition possessed better thermal and rheological properties than sin croaker gelatin.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Characterisation of simple sequence repeats in the Asian seabass, Lates Calcarifer by random sequencing

Wan KL, Chong PP, Adura Mohd. Adnan

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in simple sequence repeats (SSRs) particularly as molecular markers with applications in many different fields. We have carried out an effort to identify and analyse SSRs in the genome of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer by random sequencing. Genomic DNA was isolated from the muscle tissue of L. calcarifer, sheared by nebulisation and ligated into plasmid vector. Recombinant clones were selected randomly from the genomic libraries constructed. Subsequently, plasmid DNA was extracted and subjected to one-pass sequencing. A total of 4175 random sequences, also known as genome survey sequences (GSSs), with a total length of 1.7 Mb was generated. Screening of the whole L. calcarifer GSS data set allowed for the identification of a total of 151 perfect (100% similarity) SSRs. These SSR consensus patterns spread over a wide range of size (1 to 226 bp). The most frequent consensus pattern is dinucleotide, which represents 60% of all SSRs identified. The dinucleotides (AC)n, (AT)n and (AG)n were also found to occur frequently in the L. calcarifer genome. Sequence comparison between L. calcarifer and other fish species showed variation in repeat content, indicating the different ways in which repeats may evolve in the genome of these species. Data generated from this random sequencing of the L. calcarifer genome should serve as a valuable resource for further studies of this organism.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Assessment of heavy metal in self-caught saltwater fish from Port Dickson Coastal Water (Malaysia)

Sarva Mangala Praveena, Caryn Liew Suet Lin

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:91-99.

Freshwater fish has been studied and reported numerously. However, little attention has been made and limited studies available on local marine fish in Malaysia. Thus, in this study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu) were studied in four major local marine fish Megalaspis cordyla (hardtail scad), Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel), Selaroides leptolepis (yellowstripe scad) and Sardinella fimbriata (fringescale sardinella). The study was also intended to estimate potential health risk assessment from these heavy metals to the consumption of fish and assess maximum allowable fish consumption rate. The range of heavy metal concentrations were 0.053-0.096 mg/kg for Cd, 1.16-2.34 mg/kg for Cr, 8.34-12.44 mg/kg for Pb and 1.40-3.21 mg/kg for Cu in four major self-caught saltwater fish. Heavy metal levels of Cd and Cu in the local marine fish from Port Dickson are below the limit enforced by Food Regulations (1985) while the levels of Cr and Pb have exceeded the limit. Potential health risks associated with Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb were assessed based on target hazard quotients. HQ values calculated for Cd, Cr and Cu were less than 1, thus indicate that no adverse effects while HQ values for Pb exceeded 1 for all the fish species assessed with the exception of Megalaspis spp and Sardinella sppa. Cr was the highest while Pb concentrations were the lowest in all the studied fish samples for maximum allowable fish consumption rate. A long term monitoring program is crucial to be done in coastal areas with high consumption of local marine fish along Port Dickson to obtain real consumption rates and other cofounders factors in local population.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Demersal fish and shrimp abundance in relation to mangrove hydrogeomorphological metrics

Jamizan A, Chong V

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:9-19.

Previous studies have found positive correlations between mangrove forest extent and fisheries yield but none of these univariate relationships provide a reliable estimate of yield from mangrove area. This study tests the hypothesis that the nursery ground value or natural production of fish and shrimps is related to the hydrogeomorphology settings of mangrove forests by using multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA). The hydrogeomorphological metrics of five mangrove forests imaged by satellite were measured using Geographical Information System (GIS). The RDA indicated that the metrics, including mangrove area, multiple waterways and creeks, mangrove-river interface, waterway surface area and sediment organic matter, influenced the diversity and abundance of fish and shrimps. Larger values of these metrics increase the abundance of economically important fish species of the families Lutjanidae, Haemulidae, Serranidae and economically-important penaeid shrimps. Sediment organic matter also significantly correlates with the distribution and abundance of fish that feed off the bottom such as the Leiognathidae, Clupeidae and Mullidae. Mangrove forests with combinations of large mangrove area, river surface area, high stream ordering and longest mangrove-river interface will provide greater role as nursery grounds for fish and shrimps.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes
Fulltext Optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of waste from shortfin scad (Decapterus Macrosoma) for the production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide using response surface methodology

Ishak, N.H., Sarbon, N.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1735-1743.
MyJurnal

This study aims to optimize enzymatic hydrolysis process for producing angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of shortfin scad (Decapterus Macrosoma) waste (SWH). The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, namely the temperature (40, 50, 60°C), time (B: 60, 120, 180 min), pH (C: 7, 8, 9) and enzyme substrate concentrations (D: 1, 2, 3%) on yield, degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE-inhibitory activity were analysed. Responses were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) by employing four factors, 3-levels and the Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimized conditions were further validated to indicate the validity of the prediction model. The optimal conditions obtained for the hydrolysis conditions were at temperature of 50°C, time of 60 min, pH of 9 and enzyme to substrate concentration of 2.92%. The experimental result for yield was lower than the predicted value, as generated by RSM. However, the degree of hydrolysis of SWH was higher than the predicted value. The ACE inhibitory activity of SWH was 79.34%, and showed lower than the predicted value. Therefore, the optimized conditions of SWH served as good conditions for the production of bioactive peptide with high ACE inhibitory activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes

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