MyMedR

Fertility trends and prospects in East and South-East Asian countries and implications for policies and programmes

Leete R

Popul Res Leads, 1991.

PIP:
Fertility trends and prospects for east and southeast Asian countries including cities in China, Taiwan, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Myanmar, and Viet Nam are described. Additional discussion focuses on family planning methods, marriage patterns, fertility prospects, theories of fertility change, and policy implications for the labor supply, labor migrants, increased female participation in the labor force (LFP), human resource development, and social policy measures. Figures provide graphic descriptions of total fertility rates (TFRS) for 12 countries/areas for selected years between 1960-90, TFR for selected Chinese cities between 1955-90, the % of currently married women 15-44 years using contraception by main method for selected years and for 10 countries, actual and projected TFR and annual growth rates between 1990-2020 for Korea and Indonesia. It is noted that the 1st southeast Asian country to experience a revolution in reproductive behavior was Japan with below replacement level fertility by 1960. This was accomplished by massive postponement in age at marriage and rapid reduction in marital fertility. Fertility was controlled primarily through abortion. Thereafter every southeast Asian country experienced fertility declines. Hong Kong, Penang, Shanghai, Singapore, and Taipei and declining fertility before the major thrust of family planning (FP). Chinese fertility declines were reflected in the 1970s to the early 1980s and paralleled the longer, later, fewer campaign and policy which set ambitious targets which were strictly enforced at all levels of administration. Korea and Taiwan's declines were a result of individual decision making to restrict fertility which was encouraged by private and government programs to provide FP information and subsidized services. The context was social and economic change. Indonesia's almost replacement level fertility was achieved dramatically through the 1970s and 1980s by institutional change in ideas about families and schooling and material welfare, changes in the structure of governance, and changes in state ideology. Thailand's decline began in the 1960s and is attributed to social change, change in cultural setting, demand, and FP efforts. Modest declines characterize Malaysia and the Philippines, which have been surpassed by Myanmar and Viet Nam. The policy implications are that there are shortages in labor supply which can be remedied with labor migration, pronatalist policy, more capital intensive industries, and preparation for a changing economy.

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

ESCAP/POPIN Working Group on Development of Population Information Centres and Network: report on the meeting held from 20 to 23 June 1984

United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP. Population Division, United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. International Population Information Network POPIN

POPIN Bull, 1984 Dec.

PMID: 12267292

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Population information resources

Pasquariella SK

POPIN Bull, 1984 Dec.

PMID: 12267287

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Positive policies towards spontaneous settlements

Oestereich J

Ekistics, 1981 Jan;48(286):14-8.

PMID: 12143625

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

AIDS in Asia and the Pacific

Karel SG, Robey B

Asian Pac Cens Forum, 1988 Sep;2(1-2):1-4, 18-30.

PMID: 12342138

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Suppressive Effects of the Standardized Extract of Phyllanthus amarus on Type II Collagen-induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Sprague Dawley Rats

Alam J, Jantan I, Kumolosasi E, Nafiah MA, Mesaik MA

Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2018;19(14):1156-1169.

PMID: 30539691 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666181211124954

BACKGROUND: Standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus has been shown to possess inhibitory effects on cellular and humoral immune responses in Wistar-Kyoto rats and Balb/c mice.

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, the standardized extract of P. amarus was investigated for its suppressive effects on type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (TCIA) in Sprague Dawley rats.

METHOD: The major components of the extracts, lignans and phenolic compounds were analysed by using a validated reversed phase HPLC and LC-MS/MS. A rheumatoid arthritis rat model was induced by administering a bovine type II collagen emulsion subcutaneously at the base of tail, on day 0 and 7 of the experiment. Effects of the extract on severity assessment, changes in the hind paw volume, bone mineral density, body weight and body temperature were measured. Concentrations of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-6) released, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 MMP-9) and their inhibitor (TIMP-1), haematological and biochemical changes were also measured. ELISA was used to measure the cytokines and proteinases in the rat serum and synovial fluid according to manufacturer's instructions.

RESULTS: The extract dose-dependently modulated the progression in physical parameters (i.e. decrease in body weight, increase in body temperature, reduced hind paw volume, reduced the severity of arthritis), bone mineral density, haematological and biochemical perturbations, serum cytokines production and levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor in the synovial fluid. Histopathological examination of the knee joint also revealed that the extract effectively reduced synovitis, pannus formation, bone resorption and cartilage destruction.

CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the oral administration of a standardized extract of P. amarus was able to suppress the humoral and cellular immune responses to type II collagen, resulting in the reduction of the development of TCIA in the rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Some aspects of maternal care in rural peninsular Malaysia

Salleh NM, Tan BA, Arshat H

Malays J Reprod Health, 1986 Jun;4(1):20-8.

PMID: 12268569

PIP: The effectiveness and impact of the Population and Family Health Project in the rural areas of Malaysia is evaluated. A total of 790 women who delivered during the past 3 years from the time of the survey, were identified from 2,013 women aged 15-49 years, during the 2nd Family and Health Survey (1979) in Peninsular Malaysia. The rural health districts which were selected by random sampling include: Perlis, Kubang Pasu, Sebeang Perai Selatan, Kuala Selangor, Hulu Langat, Melaka Utara, Kota Bharu/Tumpat, and Pasir Mas. The pattern of maternal care during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium are examined with respect to selected variables. These women are further classified into 2 groups by type of birth attendant at delivery and these 2 groups are also examined in relation to selected socioeconomic variables. The major proportion of women had their 1st antenatal visit during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The highest % (28.3%) of 1st antenatal visits occurred during the 5th month of pregnancy. Use of a trained medical practitioner is preferred (82.5%), while only 17.5% of women preferred the services of traditonal birth attendants. Women in this latter group had less education and were in lower income groups, than the former group of women. Majority of women in all ethnic and age groups had no postnatal check after their last childbirth.

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Role of village practitioners in family planning service delivery system

Rahman S

Malays J Reprod Health, 1985 Dec;3(2):133-7.

PMID: 12314740

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Hysterosalpingography -- a Malaysian experience

Arumugam K, Ng KB

Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Dec;5(2):85-8.

PMID: 12315186

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Ectopic pregnancies following mini-laparotomy Pomeroy female sterilization

Puraviappan A, Arshat H

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):20-4.

PMID: 12267517

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Female sterilization using Filshie clip in private practice

Puraviappan, Hamid Arshat, Jaffar Ali

Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Jan;1(1):40-5.

PMID: 12279888

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Effectiveness of publications in family planning program

Noor Laily Abu Bakar, Tan BA, Tey NP, Yusuf Y

Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Dec;1(2):109-19.

PMID: 12313333

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Fulltext Views of Malaysian interns and their supervisors on the adequacy of undergraduate clinical skills training

Chan SC

Singapore Med J, 2012 Mar;53(3):196-202.

PMID: 22434295

This study aimed to determine the views of Malaysian interns and their supervisors on whether undergraduate clinical skills training adequately equipped them for internship and their suggestions for improvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

An invisible benefit: integrated project on family planning and parasite control has expanded operations multi-dimensionally

Taniguchi H

JOICFP News, 1985 Nov;?(137):1-5.

PMID: 12280293

PIP: Resolutions adopted by the 12th Annual Asian Parasite Control/Family Planning (APCO/FP) Conference held in Colombo, Sri Lanka urge the incorporation of quality of life issues of all dimensions in projects of all participating countries. 1 study discussed during the conference concerned health volunteers of the integrated project in Sri Lanka, which analyzes motivating factors which make community young people work on a voluntary basis. Another topic covered was the role of women in the achievement of primary health care. Video reports were presented by Bangladesh on family planning and parasite control activities, Brazil on utilization of existing organizations to improve successful integrated projects, China on making twin concerns of family planning and primary health care, Indonesia on strengthening urban FP/MCH clinics, Korea on health promotion through the integrated project, Malaysia on the NADI program, the Philippines on the Cebu model of integrated health care, and Thailand on fee charging urban programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

The National Family Planning Program: its impact on perinatal mortality

Arshat H, Kader HA, Ali J, Noor Laily Abu Bakar

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Dec;2(2):83-95.

PMID: 12280343

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Differential utilisation of health facilities and services for childbirth in Peninsula Malaysia--the ethnic factor

Arhsat H, Tan BA, Tey NP

Malays J Reprod Health, 1985 Dec;3(2):105-14.

PMID: 12314737

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Fulltext Comparative study on the acceptance and use of contraceptive methods in a rural population in Kelantan

Kamalanathan JP

Malays J Reprod Health, 1990 Dec;8(2):66-71.

PMID: 12343150

PIP: Contraceptive prevalence was determined in the Kelantan region of Malaysia, an area with relatively poor health indices. 350 women attending health clinics on rubber and palm-oil estates and living in surrounding suburbs were surveyed by clinic workers or during home visits. The sample included 273 Malays, 64 Indians and 13 Chinese. This area of Peninsular Malaysia is noted for the highest infant mortality rate (17.7), second highest crude birth rate (35.2) and highest dependency ratio (88%) in the country. 44.9% practiced contraception, highest in Chinese and lowest in Indians. Methods used were pills by (55%), traditional methods (19%), tubal ligation (18%), safe period (14%), injections (5.5%), IUD (4.7%), and condom (2.3%). The Malaysian traditional methods are herbal preparations from tree bark or roots, herb pills, and exercises after coitus. 34% of the non contraceptors had used contraception before but stopped because of side effects, religious or spousal objections, or desire to conceive. 74% had married in their teens. 46% of the non-contraceptors were spacing their children by prolonged breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

The effect of health programs on breastfeeding and child mortality in Peninsular Malaysia

Anderson KH

Res Popul Econ, 1984;5:87-112.

PMID: 12266419

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Infant feeding study: knowledge and attitudes of selected pregnant women

Kandiah M, Ooi Guat San

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Dec;2(2):96-104.

PMID: 12280344

Matched MeSH terms: Organization and Administration

Multivariate areal analysis of the impact and efficiency of the family planning programme in peninsular Malaysia