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Improvement of early cell adhesion on Thai silk fibroin surface by low energy plasma

Amornsudthiwat P, Mongkolnavin R, Kanokpanont S, Panpranot J, Wong CS, Damrongsakkul S

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2013 Nov 1;111:579-86.
PMID: 23893032 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.07.009

Low energy plasma has been introduced to treat the surface of Thai silk fibroin which should be enhanced for cell adhesion due to its native hydrophobic surface. Plasma surface treatment could introduce desirable hydrophilic functionalities on the surface without using any chemicals. In this work, nitrogen glow discharge plasma was generated by a low energy AC50Hz power supply system. The plasma operating conditions were optimized to reach the highest nitrogen active species by using optical emission spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that amine, hydroxyl, ether, and carboxyl groups were induced on Thai silk fibroin surface after plasma treatment. The results on Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy confirmed that the plasma treated effects were only on the outermost layer since there was no change in the bulk chemistry. The surface topography was insignificantly changed from the detection with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The plasma-treated effects were the improved surface wettability and cell adhesion. After a 90-s treatment, the water contact angle was at 20°, while the untreated surface was at 70°. The early cell adhesion of L929 mouse fibroblast was accelerated. L929 cells only took 3h to reach 100% cell adhesion on 90 s N2 plasma-treated surface, while there was less than 50% cell adhesion on the untreated Thai silk fibroin surface after 6h of culture. The cell adhesion results were in agreement with the cytoskeleton development. L929 F-actin was more evident on 90 s N2 plasma-treated surface than others. It could be concluded that a lower energy AC50Hz plasma system enhanced early L929 mouse fibroblast adhesion on Thai silk fibroin surface without any significant change in surface topography and bulk chemistry.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects
Evaluation of suitable biodegradable scaffolds for engineered bone tissue

Phang MY, Ng MH, Tan KK, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH, Fauziah O

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:198-9.
PMID: 15468886

Tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA), hydroxyapatite (HA), chitosan and calcium sulphate (CaSO4) were studied and evaluated for possible bone tissue engineered construct acting as good support for osteogenic cells to proliferate, differentiate, and eventually spread and integrate into the scaffold. Surface morphology visualized by SEM showed that scaffold materials with additional fibrin had more cell densities attached than those without, depicting that the presence of fibrin and collagen fibers were truly a favourite choice of cells to attach. In comparison of various biomaterials used incorporated with fibrin, TCP/HA had the most cluster of cells attached.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/physiology*
Coral--polyhydroxybutrate composite scaffold for tissue engineering: prefabrication properties

Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:202-3.
PMID: 15468888

In this study the surface properties of two particulate coral and polyhydroxybutrate (PHB) were studied in order to characterize them prior to use in composite production. Coral powder and PHB particle were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, to measure surface porosity and pores size. The results showed that coral powder has multiple pleomorphic micropores cross each others give appearance of micro-interconnectivity. Some pore reached to 18 microm with an average porosity of 70%. PHB revealed multiple different size pores extended to the depth, with an average some times reach 25 microm and porosity 45%. These findings demonstrate that both coral and PHB have excellent pores size and porosity that facilitate bone in growth, vascular invasion and bone development. We believe that incorporation of coral powder into PHB will make an excellent composite scaffold for tissue engineering.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/physiology*
Factors inducing in-stent restenosis: an in-vitro model

Santin M, Morris C, Harrison M, Mikhalovska L, Lloyd AW, Mikhalovsky S

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:93-4.
PMID: 15468834

In-stent restenosis is caused by the proliferation of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) following a host response towards the implanted device. However, the precise biochemical and cellular mechanisms are still not completely understood. In this paper, the behaviour of SMCs has been investigated by an in vitro model where the cells were stimulated by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) on tissue-like substrates as well as on biomaterials such as stainless steel (St) and diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated St. The results demonstrated that SMCs have a completely different adhesion mode on St and become particularly prone to proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion under PDGF stimulus. This would suggest that restenosis may caused by the accidental contact of the SMC with the St substrate under an inflammatory insult.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/physiology
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and proliferation on the surface of coral implant

Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:45-6.
PMID: 15468811

This study was designed to evaluate the ability of natural coral implant to provide an environment for marrow cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and function suitable for mineralized tissue formation. DNA content, alkaline phosptatase (ALP) activity, calcium (Ca) content and mineralized nodules, were measured at day 3, day 7 and day 14, in rat bone marrow stromal cells cultured with coral discs glass discs, while cells alone and coral disc alone were cultured as control. DNA content, ALP activity, Ca content measurements showed no difference between coral, glass and cells groups at 3 day which were higher than control (coral disc alone), but there were higher measurement at day 7 and 14 in the cell cultured on coral than on glass discs, control cells and control coral discs. Mineralized nodules formation (both in area and number) was more predominant on the coral surface than in control groups. These results showed that natural coral implant provided excellent and favorable situation for marrow cell to differentiate to osteoblasts, lead to large amount of mineralized tissue formation on coral surface. This in vitro result could explain the rapid bone bonding of coral in vivo.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/physiology
Effect of transforming growth factor-β3 on mono and multilayer chondrocytes

Sefat F, Youseffi M, Khaghani SA, Soon CF, Javid F

Cytokine, 2016 07;83:118-126.
PMID: 27108397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.008

Articular cartilage is an avascular and flexible connective tissue found in joints. It produces a cushioning effect at the joints and provides low friction to protect the ends of the bones from wear and tear/damage. It has poor repair capacity and any injury can result pain and loss of mobility. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a cytokine superfamily, regulates cell function, including differentiation and proliferation. Although the function of the TGF-βs in various cell types has been investigated, their function in cartilage repair is as yet not fully understood. The effect of TGF-β3 in biological regulation of primary chondrocyte was investigated in this work. TGF-β3 provided fibroblastic morphology to chondrocytes and therefore overall reduction in cell proliferation was observed. The length of the cells supplemented with TGF-β3 were larger than the cells without TGF-β3 treatment. This was caused by the fibroblast like cells (dedifferentiated chondrocytes) which occupied larger areas compared to cells without TGF-β3 addition. The healing process of the model wound closure assay of chondrocyte multilayer was slowed down by TGF-β3, and this cytokine negatively affected the strength of chondrocyte adhesion to the cell culture surface.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects
Fulltext Preliminary In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Scaffolds on Osteoblastic Adhesion, Proliferation, and Early Differentiation

Wong SHM, Lim SS, Tiong TJ, Show PL, Zaid HFM, Loh HS

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Jul 22;21(15).
PMID: 32708043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155202

An ideal scaffold should be biocompatible, having appropriate microstructure, excellent mechanical strength yet degrades. Chitosan exhibits most of these exceptional properties, but it is always associated with sub-optimal cytocompatibility. This study aimed to incorporate graphene oxide at wt % of 0, 2, 4, and 6 into chitosan matrix via direct blending of chitosan solution and graphene oxide, freezing, and freeze drying. Cell fixation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, alkaline phosphatase colorimetric assays were conducted to assess cell adhesion, proliferation, and early differentiation of MG63 on chitosan-graphene oxide scaffolds respectively. The presence of alkaline phosphatase, an early osteoblast differentiation marker, was further detected in chitosan-graphene oxide scaffolds using western blot. These results strongly supported that chitosan scaffolds loaded with graphene oxide at 2 wt % mediated cell adhesion, proliferation, and early differentiation due to the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene oxide. Therefore, chitosan scaffolds loaded with graphene oxide at 2 wt % showed the potential to be developed into functional bone scaffolds.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects
Fulltext Concentration Dependent Effect of Human Dermal Fibroblast Conditioned Medium (DFCM) from Three Various Origins on Keratinocytes Wound Healing

Maarof M, Chowdhury SR, Saim A, Bt Hj Idrus R, Lokanathan Y

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Apr 22;21(8).
PMID: 32331278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082929

Fibroblasts secrete many essential factors that can be collected from fibroblast culture medium, which is termed dermal fibroblast conditioned medium (DFCM). Fibroblasts isolated from human skin samples were cultured in vitro using the serum-free keratinocyte-specific medium (Epilife (KM1), or define keratinocytes serum-free medium, DKSFM (KM2) and serum-free fibroblast-specific medium (FM) to collect DFCM-KM1, DFCM-KM2, and DFCM-FM, respectively). We characterised and evaluated the effects of 100-1600 µg/mL DFCM on keratinocytes based on attachment, proliferation, migration and gene expression. Supplementation with 200-400 µg/mL keratinocyte-specific DFCM-KM1 and DFCM-KM2 enhanced the attachment, proliferation and migration of sub-confluent keratinocytes, whereas 200-1600 µg/mL DFCM-FM significantly increased the healing rate in the wound healing assay, and 400-800 µg/mL DFCM-FM was suitable to enhance keratinocyte attachment and proliferation. A real-time (RT2) profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array showed that 42 genes in the DFCM groups had similar fold regulation compared to the control group and most of the genes were directly involved in wound healing. In conclusion, in vitro keratinocyte re-epithelialisation is supported by the fibroblast-secreted proteins in 200-400 µg/mL DFCM-KM1 and DFCM-KM2, and 400-800 µg/mL DFCM-FM, which could be useful for treating skin injuries.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects
Incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles into chitosan-collagen 3D porous scaffolds: Effect on morphology, mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of 3D porous scaffolds

Ullah S, Zainol I, Idrus RH

Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Nov;104(Pt A):1020-1029.
PMID: 28668615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.080

The zinc oxide nanoparticles (particles size <50nm) incorporated into chitosan-collagen 3D porous scaffolds and investigated the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporation on microstructure, mechanical properties, biodegradation and cytocompatibility of 3D porous scaffolds. The 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% zinc oxide nanoparticles chitosan-collagen 3D porous scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying technique. The zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporation effects consisting in chitosan-collagen 3D porous scaffolds were investigated by mechanical and swelling tests, and effect on the morphology of scaffolds examined microscopically. The biodegradation and cytocompatibility tests were used to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporation on the ability of scaffolds to use for tissue engineering application. The mean pore size and swelling ratio of scaffolds were decreased upon incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles however, the porosity, tensile modulus and biodegradation rate were increased upon incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. In vitro culture of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles facilitated cell adhesion, proliferation and infiltration of chitosan-collagen 3D porous scaffolds. It was found that the zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporation enhanced porosity, tensile modulus and cytocompatibility of chitosan-collagen 3D porous scaffolds.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects
Fulltext Low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is an independent predictor for enhanced inflammation and endothelial activation

Wan Ahmad WN, Sakri F, Mokhsin A, Rahman T, Mohd Nasir N, Abdul-Razak S, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(1):e0116867.
PMID: 25614985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116867

BACKGROUND: Inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress have been established as key events in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) is protective against atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but its association with inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress is not well established.
OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare the concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress in subjects with low HDL-c compared to normal HDL-c; (2) To examine the association and correlation between HDL-c and these biomarkers and (3) To determine whether HDL-c is an independent predictor of these biomarkers.
METHODS: 422 subjects (mean age±SD = 43.2±11.9 years) of whom 207 had low HDL-c concentrations (HDL-c <1.0 mmol/L and <1.3 mmol/L for males and females respectively) and 215 normal controls (HDL-c ≥1.0 and ≥1.3 mmol/L for males and females respectively) were recruited in this study. The groups were matched for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Fasting blood samples were collected for analysis of biomarkers of inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)], endothelial activation [soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and E-selectin)] and oxidative stress [F2-Isoprostanes, oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA)].
RESULTS: Subjects with low HDL-c had greater concentrations of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress biomarkers compared to controls. There were negative correlations between HDL-c concentration and biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6, p = 0.02), endothelial activation (sVCAM-1 and E-selectin, p = 0.029 and 0.002, respectively), and oxidative stress (MDA and F2-isoprostane, p = 0.036 and <0.0001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed HDL-c as an independent predictor of IL-6 (p = 0.02) and sVCAM-1 (p<0.03) after correcting for various confounding factors.
CONCLUSION: Low serum HDL-c concentration is strongly correlated with enhanced status of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress. It is also an independent predictor for enhanced inflammation and endothelial activation, which are pivotal in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
Virgin olive oil, palm olein and coconut oil diets do not raise cell adhesion molecules and thrombogenicity indices in healthy Malaysian adults

Voon PT, Ng TK, Lee VK, Nesaretnam K

Eur J Clin Nutr, 2015 Jun;69(6):712-6.
PMID: 25804278 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.26

Effects of high-protein diets that are rich in saturated fats on cell adhesion molecules, thrombogenicity and other nonlipid markers of atherosclerosis in humans have not been firmly established. We aim to investigate the effects of high-protein Malaysian diets prepared separately with virgin olive oil (OO), palm olein (PO) and coconut oil (CO) on cell adhesion molecules, lipid inflammatory mediators and thromobogenicity indices in healthy adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion Molecules/blood*; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry
Fulltext The Immunomodulatory CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6/CD66c) Is a Protein Receptor for the Influenza a Virus

Rahman SK, Ansari MA, Gaur P, Ahmad I, Chakravarty C, Verma DK, et al.

Viruses, 2021 04 21;13(5).
PMID: 33919410 DOI: 10.3390/v13050726

To establish a productive infection in host cells, viruses often use one or multiple host membrane glycoproteins as their receptors. For Influenza A virus (IAV) such a glycoprotein receptor has not been described, to date. Here we show that IAV is using the host membrane glycoprotein CD66c as a receptor for entry into human epithelial lung cells. Neuraminidase (NA), a viral spike protein, binds to CD66c on the cell surface during IAV entry into the host cells. Lung cells overexpressing CD66c showed an increase in virus binding and subsequent entry into the cell. Upon comparison, CD66c demonstrated higher binding capacity than other membrane glycoproteins (EGFR and DC-SIGN) reported earlier to facilitate IAV entry into host cells. siRNA mediated knockdown of CD66c from lung cells inhibited virus binding on cell surface and entry into cells. Blocking CD66c by antibody on the cell surface resulted in decreased virus entry. We found that CD66c is a specific glycoprotein receptor for influenza A virus that did not affect entry of non-IAV RNA virus (Hepatitis C virus). Finally, IAV pre-incubated with recombinant CD66c protein when administered intranasally in mice showed decreased cytopathic effects in mice lungs. This publication is the first to report CD66c (Carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 6 or CEACAM6) as a glycoprotein receptor for Influenza A virus.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism*
Fulltext The effects of short-term, rapid glycemic control on the peroneal nerve function and serum VCAM-1 and AGE in type 2 diabetic patients in Malaysia

Norlinah MI, Hamizah R, Md Isa SH, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Khalid BA

Indian J Med Sci, 2009 Apr;63(4):131-8.
PMID: 19414982

BACKGROUND: The role of endothelial injury and circulating adhesion molecule in the development and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the long-term has been established previously.
AIMS: To study the effects of short-term glycemic control using insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent therapy (OHA) on the peroneal nerve function and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A randomized controlled study involving poorly controlled (HbA1c, 7.5%-11%) type 2 diabetic patients attending the endocrinology outpatient center in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive insulin (n=15) or OHA (n=14) for 8 weeks. The glycemic variables (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], fructosamine), VCAM-1, serum AGE and the peroneal motor conduction velocity (PMCV) were measured at baseline and at 4-week intervals.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Paired 't' test or Kruskal Wallis test; and the unpaired 't' test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for within-group and between-group analyses, respectively. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.
RESULTS: Within-group analysis showed significant progressive improvement in HbA1c at weeks 4 and 8 in the insulin group. The PMCV improved significantly in both groups by week 8, and by week 4 (P = 0.01) in the insulin group. PMCV correlated negatively with VCAM-1 (P = 0.031) and AGE (P = 0.009) at week 8.
CONCLUSION: Aggressive glycemic control with insulin improves the peroneal nerve function within 4 weeks. Improvement in the serum VCAM-1 and AGE levels correlated significantly with improvement in peroneal nerve conduction velocity only in the insulin group.
Study site: Tertiary endocrinology outpatient center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/drug effects
BZD9L1 sirtuin inhibitor: Identification of key molecular targets and their biological functions in HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells

Tan YJ, Lee YT, Mancera RL, Oon CE

Life Sci, 2021 Nov 01;284:119747.
PMID: 34171380 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119747

BZD9L1 was previously described as a SIRT1/2 inhibitor with anti-cancer activities in colorectal cancer (CRC), either as a standalone chemotherapy or in combination with 5-fluorouracil. BZD9L1 was reported to induce apoptosis in CRC cells; however, the network of intracellular pathways and crosstalk between molecular players mediated by BZD9L1 is not fully understood. This study aimed to uncover the mechanisms involved in BZD9L1-mediated cytotoxicity based on previous and new findings for the prediction and identification of related pathways and key molecular players. BZD9L1-regulated candidate targets (RCTs) were identified using a range of molecular, cell-based and biochemical techniques on the HCT 116 cell line. BZD9L1 regulated major cancer pathways including Notch, p53, cell cycle, NFκB, Myc/MAX, and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways. BZD9L1 also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulated apoptosis-related proteins, and altered cell polarity and adhesion profiles. In silico analyses revealed that most RCTs were interconnected, and were involved in the modulation of catalytic activity, metabolism and transcription regulation, response to cytokines, and apoptosis signalling pathways. These RCTs were implicated in p53-dependent apoptosis pathway. This study provides the first assessment of possible associations of molecular players underlying the cytotoxic activity of BZD9L1, and establishes the links between RCTs and apoptosis through the p53 pathway.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects; Cell Adhesion/genetics
Organotypic culture of human amnion cells in air-liquid interface as a potential substitute for skin regeneration

Fatimah SS, Chua K, Tan GC, Azmi TI, Tan AE, Abdul Rahman H

Cytotherapy, 2013 Aug;15(8):1030-41.
PMID: 23830235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.05.003

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of air-liquid interface on the differentiation potential of human amnion epithelial cells (HAECs) to skin-like substitute in organotypic culture.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
Fulltext Modification of MCF-10A cells with pioglitazone and serum-rich growth medium increases soluble factors in the conditioned medium, likely reducing BT-474 cell growth

Khoo BY, Miswan N, Balaram P, Nadarajan K, Elstner E

Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5607-27.
PMID: 22754319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055607

In the present study, we aimed to preincubate MCF-10A cells with pioglitazone and/or serum-rich growth media and to determine adhesive and non-adhesive interactions of the preincubated MCF-10A cells with BT-474 cells. For this purpose, the MCF-10A cells were preincubated with pioglitazone and/or serum-rich growth media, at appropriate concentrations, for 1 week. The MCF-10A cells preincubated with pioglitazone and/or serum-rich growth media were then co-cultured adhesively and non-adhesively with BT-474 cells for another week. Co-culture of BT-474 cells with the preincubated MCF-10A cells, both adhesively and non-adhesively, reduced the growth of the cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of the preincubated MCF-10A cells against the growth of BT-474 cells was likely produced by increasing levels of soluble factors secreted by the preincubated MCF-10A cells into the conditioned medium, as immunoassayed by ELISA. However, only an elevated level of a soluble factor distinguished the conditioned medium collected from the MCF-10A cells preincubated with pioglitazone and serum-rich growth medium than that with pioglitazone alone. This finding was further confirmed by the induction of the soluble factor transcript expression in the preincubated MCF-10A cells, as determined using real-time PCR, for the above phenomenon. Furthermore, modification of the MCF-10A cells through preincubation did not change the morphology of the cells, indicating that the preincubated cells may potentially be injected into mammary fat pads to reduce cancer growth in patients or to be used for others cell-mediated therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects
Effects of fluoride-modified titanium surfaces on osteoblast proliferation and gene expression

Isa ZM, Schneider GB, Zaharias R, Seabold D, Stanford CM

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2006 Mar-Apr;21(2):203-11.
PMID: 16634490

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that fluoride-modified titanium surfaces would enhance osteoblast differentiation. Osteoblast growth on a moderately rough etched fluoride-modified titanium surface (alteration in cellular differentiation) was compared to osteoblast growth on the same surface grit-blasted with titanium dioxide. The potential role of nanometer-level alterations on cell shape and subsequent differentiation was then compared.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cultures were incubated on the respective surfaces for 1, 3, and 7 days, followed by analysis for cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) -specific activity, and mRNA steady-state expression for bone-related genes (ALP, type I collagen, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein [BSP] II, Cbfa1, and osterix) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: The different surfaces did not alter the mRNA expression for ALP, type I collagen, osterix, osteocalcin, or BSP II. However, Cbfa1 expression on the fluoride-modified titanium surface was significantly higher (P < .001) at 1 week. The number of cells on this surface was 20% lower than the number of cells on the surface TiO2-blasted with 25-microm particles but not significantly different from the number of cells on the surface TiO2-blasted with 125-microm particles. Cells grown on all the titanium surfaces expressed similar levels of ALP activity.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that a fluoride-modified surface topography, in synergy with surface roughness, may have a greater influence on the level of expression of Cbfa1 (a key regulator for osteogenesis) than the unmodified titanium surfaces studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects*
Fulltext FAT1 mutations cause a glomerulotubular nephropathy

Gee HY, Sadowski CE, Aggarwal PK, Porath JD, Yakulov TA, Schueler M, et al.

Nat Commun, 2016 Feb 24;7:10822.
PMID: 26905694 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10822

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) causes 15% of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we show that recessive mutations in FAT1 cause a distinct renal disease entity in four families with a combination of SRNS, tubular ectasia, haematuria and facultative neurological involvement. Loss of FAT1 results in decreased cell adhesion and migration in fibroblasts and podocytes and the decreased migration is partially reversed by a RAC1/CDC42 activator. Podocyte-specific deletion of Fat1 in mice induces abnormal glomerular filtration barrier development, leading to podocyte foot process effacement. Knockdown of Fat1 in renal tubular cells reduces migration, decreases active RAC1 and CDC42, and induces defects in lumen formation. Knockdown of fat1 in zebrafish causes pronephric cysts, which is partially rescued by RAC1/CDC42 activators, confirming a role of the two small GTPases in the pathogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SRNS and tubulopathy, linking FAT1 and RAC1/CDC42 to podocyte and tubular cell function.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/genetics*
Phyllanthus spp. Exerts Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Metastatic Effects Through Inhibition on Matrix Metalloproteinase Enzymes

Tang YQ, Jaganath IB, Manikam R, Sekaran SD

Nutr Cancer, 2015;67(5):783-95.
PMID: 25996262 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1040518

Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis are the major causes for high morbidity and mortality rates in cancer patient. Modulation on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis provides opportunities to halt progression of cancer. From our previous findings, Phyllanthus plant possesses antiproliferative effects on melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis. The main aims of the present work were further investigated on the antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects on cancer cells (MeWo and PC-3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) of 4 Phyllanthus species (P.amarus, P.niruri, P.urinaria and P.watsonii). Phyllanthus extracts significantly inhibited cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration activities of cancer (MeWo and PC-3) cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) by cell-matrix adhesion, Transwell migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration assays. Phyllanthus extracts were exhibited low cytotoxicity on HUVECs up to a concentration of 500.0 μg/ml by MTS reduction assay. Phyllanthus extracts also exhibited antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of migration, invasion, and microcapillary like-tube structure formation in HUVECs. These observations were due to alteration in activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, -7, -9, and -26 in treated-endothelial and cancer cells by zymographies. These findings suggest that Phyllanthus plant has the potential to inhibit tumour metastasis and angiogenesis through the suppression of MMP enzymes.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion/drug effects
Transcription profile of genes affected in response to pathological changes in drug-induced rat model of acute kidney injury

Habib R, Begum S, Alam G, Ali A, Khan I, Waseem M, et al.

Ren Fail, 2015 Aug;37(7):1225-31.
PMID: 26114661 DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2015.1057801

The objective of the present study was to examine the changes in the expression profile of certain genes in rat model of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and to see whether time period and routes of administration affect their expression levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics*

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