Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 126 in total

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  1. Multiple dimensions of interoceptive awareness are associated with facets of body image in British adults
    Todd J, Aspell JE, Barron D, Swami V
    Body Image, 2019 Jun;29:6-16.
    PMID: 30771695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.003
    Previous research has identified a relationship between interoception and body image, where lower interoceptive awareness (IA) is associated with negative body image. However, relationships between facets of interoception and positive body image remain unexplored, and men and older adults remain underrepresented. To overcome these limitations, we assessed relationships between multiple dimensions of interoceptive awareness (IA) and multiple facets of body image in community adults. An online sample of 646 British adults (447 women) aged 18-76 years completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), the Body Appreciation Scale-2, the Functionality Appreciation Scale, the Authentic Pride subscale from the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale, and the Appearance Orientation and Overweight Preoccupation subscales from the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Hierarchical regressions revealed significant predictive relationships between IA and all five facets of body image after controlling for sex, body mass index, and age. In the final models, the MAIA subscales emerged as significant predictors for at least one facet of body image, with the exception of the MAIA Body Listening subscale. These findings extend previous work by demonstrating significant relationships between IA and previously unexplored facets of body image, which may hold promise for practitioner-based interventions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  2. Greater gastric interoception is associated with more positive body image: Evidence from adults in Malaysia and the United Kingdom
    Todd J, Aspell JE, Barron D, Toh EKL, Zahari HS, Mohd Khatib NA, et al.
    Body Image, 2020 Sep;34:101-111.
    PMID: 32512525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.011
    Gastric interoception refers to the processing of sensory stimuli originating in the gut. Previous research has found that gastric interoception (measured using a water load task) is associated with drive for thinness in young Western women. However, associations with broader facets of body image and in diverse national groups have not been previously investigated. To address these issues, we asked samples of adults in the United Kingdom (UK; N = 91, women n = 54) and Malaysia (N = 100, women n = 50) to complete a 2-stage water load task (WLT) and measures of positive body image (i.e., body appreciation, functionality appreciation). The results indicated that a greater change in the intensity of self-reported WLT-related sensations was associated with significantly higher body appreciation and functionality appreciation after accounting for gender identity, body mass index, and national group. Behavioural performance on the WLT was significantly associated with body appreciation and functionality appreciation for the Malaysian sample, but not the UK adults, after accounting for gender identity and body mass index. These findings extend previous research by demonstrating that there are significant associations between facets of gastric interoception and previously unexplored facets of body image in both Western and non-Western settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  3. Assessing the measurement invariance of two positive body image instruments in adults from Malaysia and the United Kingdom
    Todd J, Swami V
    Body Image, 2020 Sep;34:112-116.
    PMID: 32505865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.009
    Despite the growth of positive body image research in recent years, our understanding of the construct across different national contexts remains limited. Here, we investigated measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) and the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) across ethnically homogenous groups of adults from Malaysia (n = 815, women n = 403) and the United Kingdom (UK; n = 596, women n = 416). Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, partial scalar invariance was supported for scores on both measures after fixing the intercepts for BAS-2 Items 6 and 8, and FAS Item 4. Next, we examined differences in latent scores across nationality and gender. The results of an analysis of covariance (with age and body mass index as covariates) indicated a significant nationality by gender interaction: Malaysian women had higher scores than Malaysian men on both the BAS-2 and FAS, but UK men had higher scores than UK women. There were also significant main effects of nationality (Malaysian participants had significantly higher body appreciation and functionality appreciation than UK participants) and gender (men had significantly higher body appreciation than women). These findings are discussed in terms of cross-national and gendered understandings of positive body image.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  4. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2
    Swami V, Tudorel O, Goian C, Barron D, Vintila M
    Body Image, 2017 Dec;23:61-68.
    PMID: 28863282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.001
    We examined the psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the 10-item Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). A total of 453 university students from Romania completed the BAS-2, along with measures of disordered eating, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness. In addition, a separate sample of university students (N=109) completed only the BAS-2 at two time-points three weeks apart. Principal-axis factor analysis indicated that BAS-2 scores had a one-dimensional factor structure in both women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this factor structure had adequate fit, but invariance across sex was not supported. Further analyses indicated that BAS-2 scores evidenced internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability in both women and men. These results suggest that BAS-2 scores reduce to one dimension in Romanian adults, but the lack of sex invariance may indicate that the same latent construct is not being measured in women and men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  5. Perceptions of plagiarisers: The influence of target physical attractiveness, transgression severity, and sex on attributions of guilt and punishment
    Swami V, Arthey E, Furnham A
    Body Image, 2017 Sep;22:144-147.
    PMID: 28777999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.06.009
    The attractiveness-leniency effect (ALE) suggests that physically attractive targets are less likely to be perceived as guilty compared to less attractive targets. Here, we tested the ALE in relation to attributions of students who have committed plagiarism. British adults (N=165) were shown one of eight vignette-photograph pairings varying in target sex (female/male), physical attractiveness (high/low), and transgression severity (serious/minor), and provided attributions of guilt and severity of punishment. Analyses of variance revealed significant interactions between attractiveness and transgression severity for both dependent measures. Attractive targets were perceived as guiltier and deserving of more severe punishments in the serious transgression condition, but there was no significant difference between attractive and less attractive targets in the minor transgression condition. These results are discussed in terms of a reverse attribution bias, in which attractive individuals are judged more negatively when they fail to live up to higher standards of conduct.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  6. Development and psychometric evaluation of the breast size satisfaction scale
    Pahlevan Sharif S
    Int J Health Care Qual Assur, 2017 Oct 09;30(8):717-727.
    PMID: 28958201 DOI: 10.1108/IJHCQA-12-2016-0190
    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate psychometrically an instrument named the Breast Size Satisfaction Scale (BSSS) to assess breast size satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The present scale was developed using a set of 16 computer-generated 3D images of breasts to overcome some of the limitations of existing instruments. The images were presented to participants and they were asked to select the figure that most accurately depicted their actual breast size and the figure that most closely represented their ideal breast size. Breast size satisfaction was computed by subtracting the absolute value of the difference between ideal and actual perceived size from 16, such that higher values indicate greater breast size satisfaction. Findings Study 1 ( n=65 female undergraduate students) showed good test-retest reliability and study 2 ( n=1,000 Iranian women, aged 18 years and above) provided support for convergent validity using a nomological network approach. Originality/value The BSSS demonstrated good psychometric properties and thus can be used in future studies to assess breast size satisfaction among women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  7. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) in university men
    Swami V, Vintila M, Tudorel O, Goian C, Barron D
    Body Image, 2018 Jun;25:48-55.
    PMID: 29475191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.004
    We examined the psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the 15-item Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Male university students from Romania (N = 343) completed the DMS, as well as measures of self-esteem, body appreciation, and muscle discrepancy. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that DMS scores reduced to two factors that related to muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviours, with both first-order factors loading onto a higher-order factor. However, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a model with two first-order factors and a higher-order factor had poor fit. A two-factor model without a higher-order construct achieved acceptable but mediocre fit. Scores on the two-factor DMS model had adequate internal consistency and demonstrated acceptable convergent validity (significant correlations with self-esteem, body appreciation, and muscle discrepancy). These results provide support for a two-factor model of DMS scores in a Romanian-speaking sample and extends the availability of the DMS to a rarely-examined linguistic group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  8. Breast size dissatisfaction, but not body dissatisfaction, is associated with breast self-examination frequency and breast change detection in British women
    Swami V, Furnham A
    Body Image, 2018 Mar;24:76-81.
    PMID: 29304438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.004
    Studies examining associations between body image and breast self-examination (BSE) have returned mixed findings, but this may be a function of focusing on global body image. Here, we examined the impact of breast size dissatisfaction specifically on BSE and behaviours in relation to breast change detection. A total of 384 British women completed measures of breast size dissatisfaction, body dissatisfaction, BSE frequency, confidence in detecting breast change, and delay in contacting their doctor upon detecting a breast change. Regression analyses indicated that greater breast size dissatisfaction, but not body dissatisfaction, was significantly associated with less frequent BSE and lower confidence in detecting breast change. Both breast size and body dissatisfaction were significantly associated with greater delay in consulting a doctor following breast change, but the former was the stronger predictor. These findings suggest that improving breast size satisfaction may be a useful means of promoting improved breast awareness and self-examination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  9. Social media, traditional media, and other body image influences and disordered eating and cosmetic procedures in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Hong Kong
    Chua SN, Craddock N, Rodtanaporn W, Or F, Austin SB
    Body Image, 2023 Jun;45:265-272.
    PMID: 37011471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.010
    In this study, we investigated the association between perceived sociocultural influences and the 3-month prevalence of disordered weight-control behaviors and lifetime prevalence of cosmetic procedures in four Asian countries, and if these associations were modified by gender. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in September 2020 among adults ages 18-91 years (N = 5294) in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Hong Kong. The 3-month prevalence of disordered weight control behaviors ranged from 25.2 % (Singapore) to 42.3 % (Malaysia), while the lifetime prevalence of cosmetic procedures ranged from 8.7 % (Singapore) to 21.3 % (Thailand). Participants who perceived their body image to be influenced by sociocultural factors were more likely to engage in disordered weight control behaviors (RRs ranged from 2.05 to 2.12) and have cosmetic procedures (RRs ranged from 2.91 to 3.89) compared to participants who perceived no sociocultural influence. Men who were influenced by traditional or social media were more likely to engage in disordered weight control behaviors and have cosmetic procedures than similarly influenced women. The high 3-month prevalence of disordered weight control behaviors and lifetime prevalence of cosmetic procedures in Asia is concerning. More research is needed to develop effective preventive interventions in Asia for men and women to promote a healthy body image.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology
  10. Increased somatic sensations are associated with reduced limb ownership
    McKenzie KJ, Newport R
    J Psychosom Res, 2015 Jan;78(1):88-90.
    PMID: 25466984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.11.005
    Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are increasingly being thought of as resulting from dysfunctional modulation of interoceptive sensory signals by top-down cognitive processes. The current study investigated whether individuals with a tendency toward MUS would be more susceptible to visual illusions that suggest tactile sensation on the skin in the absence of any actual somatosensory input.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image*
  11. A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of Malaysian Females With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Their Body Image and Their Perspectives on Feminizing Surgery
    Zainuddin AA, Grover SR, Soon CH, Ghani NAA, Mahdy ZA, Manaf MRA, et al.
    J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 2020 Oct;33(5):477-483.
    PMID: 32376362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.04.008
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) on body image in Malaysian females with CAH and to understand the perspectives of these young women and their parents toward feminizing genitoplasty (FG).

    DESIGN: Multi-center cross-sectional study.

    SETTING: Two tertiary medical centers in Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: A total of 59 patients with CAH who were raised as females and more than 10 years old, and their parents.

    METHODS: The CAH respondents completed the validated and translated Body Image Disturbance Questionnaires (BIDQ). All CAH respondents and their parents underwent semi-structured interviews to explore their views on FG.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body image disturbance score and perspectives on FG.

    RESULTS: The 59 CAH respondents consisted of 12 children, 29 adolescents, and 18 adults. The majority were of Malay ethnicity (64.4%) with classical CAH (98.3%) and had undergone FG (n = 55, 93.2%). For the BIDQ scores, the median score (interquartile range) for general body image was 1.29 (0.71), range 1.00-3.29, whereas the genital appearance score was 1.07 (0.39), range 1.00-4.29, revealing a greater concern for general body parts over genitalia. With regards to FG, it was perceived as necessary. Infancy and early childhood were perceived as the best timing for first FG by both respondents and parents, most preferring single-stage over 2-stage surgery.

    CONCLUSIONS: General body appearance concerns were greater than for genital appearance, with more impact on the patients' lives. Contrary to much international opinion, feminizing surgery was perceived as necessary and appropriate by CAH respondents and their families, and should be offered in infancy or early childhood. Future qualitative studies are recommended.

    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image/psychology*
  12. Fulltext Body image differences among Malay, Samoan, and Australian women
    McDowell AJ, Bond M
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2006;15(2):201-7.
    PMID: 16672204
    Comparisons of body attitudes and associated behaviours were undertaken using Malay, Samoan, and Australian female students. The general goal of the research was to determine the degree to which the observed pattern of attitudes and behaviours was attributable to culture. The specific analyses comprised an examination of group differences using standard measures that included the Body Attitudes Questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and detailed questions concerning the use of diet and exercise as weight control strategies. The main findings concerned a number of cultural differences, particularly in relation to diet and exercise, that were evident even with the effect of body mass index held constant. These results are interpreted in terms of the efficacy of entrenched cultural beliefs in protecting against introduced, more dominant, cultural values. The Australian sample exhibited the most negative body image, although there was some evidence that Malays and Samoans were influenced by Western ideals of weight and shape. It is proposed that to fully understand the differential meaning of negative body image across cultures and the potential impact of westernisation, both within-group and between-group differences in body size need to be acknowledged.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image*
  13. Fulltext Beauty Or Health? A Personal View
    Riji HM
    Malays Fam Physician, 2006;1(1):42-4.
    PMID: 26998213 MyJurnal
    This paper deals with the question of beauty and health in women. It discusses changing definitions of beauty as a result of influences from the entertainment, beauty and health product industries. Advertisements are seen to be major players in defining beauty through promotion of cosmetic, skin, hair and slimming products. Concerns relating to beauty become inculcated in girls through the process of socialisation as they mature into womanhood. The media plays a significant role in portraying the meaning of beauty through its representation of women. These influences largely influence and alter women's perceptions of their body image and in trying to meet the goals of beauty as represented by the media. This may result in dissatisfaction with their body image. Advertisements can encourage women to indulge in smoking as a fashionable trend or opt for plastic surgery in attempts to acquire beauty. This paper concludes with implications of the issues relating to changing perceptions of beauty and suggests recommendations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
  14. Brief report. Social self-concept of educated employed and educated unemployed women
    Bala M
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1998;44(1):71-4.
    PMID: 9574853
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
  15. Fulltext COVID-19-related stress and anxiety are associated with negative body image in adults from the United Kingdom
    Swami V, Horne G, Furnham A
    Pers Individ Dif, 2021 Feb 15;170:110426.
    PMID: 33046945 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110426
    The stress and anxiety caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents a serious threat to psychological well-being in populations worldwide and may also extend to body image outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a preliminary study in which an online sample of adults from the United Kingdom (N = 506, age M = 34.25 years) were asked to complete measures of perceived stress, stressful life events, trait anxiety, COVID-19-related stress and anxiety, and negative body image (body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness in women, body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction in men). The results of hierarchical regressions indicated that COVID-19-related stress and anxiety explained significant incremental variance in body image outcomes (Adj. ΔR2 = .02 to .10), over-and-above demographics (age and body mass index) and perceived stress, trait anxiety, and stressful life events. These findings suggest that COVID-19-related stress and anxiety may shape body image outcomes under conditions of physical and social distancing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
  16. Fulltext Body image dissatisfaction and its determinants among young primary-school adolescents
    Latiff AA, Muhamad J, Rahman RA
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Feb;13(1):34-41.
    PMID: 31435300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.07.003
    Objectives: Awareness of body image perception among children and adolescents has been rising during recent years. The objectives of this study were to identify body image dissatisfaction and its associated factors among primary-school students.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven randomly selected primary schools, involving students aged 11 to 12. A guided self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI) parameters, and body image perception (Childress Contour Drawing Rating Scale), was used.

    Results: This study involved 776 primary-school students. Approximately 60.1% of students had body image dissatisfaction, which was significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
  17. Fulltext Body image perceptions and weight loss behavior among young adults
    Nasuha Najwa Ali Hanapiah, Suriati Sidek
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):426-434.
    MyJurnal
    University students tend to be more concerned on their body image and body shape concerns because of the surrounding The present study was conducted among undergraduate students at
    the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan with the aim to identify the body image
    perceptions, body shape concerns and weight loss behaviors. Methods: A total of 135 participants
    comprising of 50 male and 85 female undergraduate students were recruited from six Kulliyyah in IIUM Kuantan. The Contour Drawing Rating Scale, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16) and Weight Loss Behavior Scales (WLBS) were used as assessment tools. Results: The result showed 73.3% of students had normal BMI status, 6.7% were underweight and the remaining were overweight or obese. More than 50% of the participants were somewhat concern about their body shape. In addition, more than half of the participants (54.8%) were dissatisfied with their body image and had desired to be thinner. The most preferred weight loss behavior among the participants was exercise compared to other weight loss approaches. The result shows that concerns to dieting and weight have a significant association with BMI status. Meanwhile, body shape concerns are found to be significantly associated with concern to dieting and weight, as well as avoidance of fatty and sweet foods. However, there was no association between body shape concerns and exercise. Conclusion: Based on the findings, more tailored intervention programs that lead to healthy body image and weight loss behavior are needed among young adults.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
  18. Fulltext The differences between the quality of life of Malays and non-Malays breast cancer survivors women from a teaching hospital, Kuala Lumpur: a qualitative study
    Redhwan, A.A., Idris, M.N., Fuad, I., Hairol, O., Robert, C.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(2):98-105.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : The purpose of this study is to explore the differences of quality of life (QOL) of Malay and non-Malay breast cancer survivors using qualitative method.
    Methods : Data was collected using in-depth face to face interview. List of the patients were obtained from Oncology & Surgery Departments and contact numbers were obtained from the medical record. The interviews were conducted either in their home or in the hospital after the appointment has been made.
    Results : The majority of the Malays were unable to fulfill the needs of their families. However, the non-Malays were able to fulfill the needs of their families. The majority were satisfied with social interaction and the relationships with their families and friends. In terms of feelings, most survivors felt sad, angry and sometimes they feel like they were going to die early. However the majority coped well with their illness. Regarding sleep, all Malays did not have any sleeping problems, but most of the non-Malays reported serious problems. All survivors were worried about the other female members of the family of getting the same illness. Most survivors did not have any problems with altered body image.
    Conclusion : Malays did not have any sleeping problems, but most of the non-Malays reported serious problems. However, the majority of survivors coped well with their illnesses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
  19. Fulltext Relationship between body mass index, body image, and fear of negative evaluation: Moderating role of self-esteem
    Ahadzadeh AS, Rafik-Galea S, Alavi M, Amini M
    Health Psychol Open, 2018 06 10;5(1):2055102918774251.
    PMID: 29977587 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918774251
    This study examined the correlation between body mass index as independent variable, and body image and fear of negative evaluation as dependent variables, as well as the moderating role of self-esteem in these correlations. A total of 318 Malaysian young adults were conveniently recruited to do the self-administered survey on the demographic characteristics body image, fear of negative evaluation, and self-esteem. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed that body mass index was negatively associated with body image, while no such correlation was found with fear of negative evaluation. Meanwhile, the negative correlation of body mass index with body image was stronger among those with lower self-esteem, while a positive association of body mass index with fear of negative evaluation was significant only among individuals with low self-esteem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
  20. Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and behaviours related to weight control and body-image perceptions among chinese high school students
    Lee CY, Yusof HM, Zakaria NS
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Sep;26(5):122-131.
    PMID: 31728124 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.11
    Background: Body-image perception is one of the determinants in weight management, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to assess weight-control knowledge, attitude and behaviours along with body-image perceptions among Chinese high school students in order to compare the weight-control behaviours with those perceptions.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 277 Chinese students in Form 1 and Form 2 in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia using convenience sampling. The following outcomes were evaluated: weight-control knowledge, attitude and behaviours (weight-related knowledge and attitude questionnaire; weight control strategies scale) and body-image perceptions (figure rating scale).

    Results: Both genders were found to have high weight-control knowledge, with female adolescents scoring significantly higher than male adolescents (P = 0.010). However, only half of the adolescents (50.9%) perceived that obesity is bad for health. Although only 44.4% of adolescents were dissatisfied with their current weight status, 62.8% intended to change their present weight status. Male adolescents significantly engaged more in physical activity (PA) (P = 0.035) and self-monitoring (SM) (P = 0.014) compared to their female counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents chose their current body size as their ideal body image, but female adolescents preferred a slimmer ideal figure. The percentage of male and female adolescents who desired a smaller body figure was 39.6% and 54.5%, respectively. Lastly, there was no significant difference between weight-control behaviours and adolescents' body-image perceptions.

    Conclusion: Female Chinese adolescents had higher weight-control knowledge and preferred a slimmer body size, yet males were more likely to engage in PA and SM behaviours. Essentially, imprecise attitude towards obesity among half of the Chinese high school students is of particular concern.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Image
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