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  1. Development and psychometric properties of a scale assessing the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities
    Tan SH
    Disabil Health J, 2015 Jul;8(3):414-23.
    PMID: 25595295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.11.003
    BACKGROUND: Planning and evaluation of health care services for children with disabilities requires information on their caregivers' needs.
    OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to present the development and psychometric properties of the Caregiver Needs Scale (CNS), a scale assessing the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities aged 0-12 years in Malaysia.
    METHODS: Development of the scale went through a multistage process of literature review, modification of an existing instrument, input from experts and feedback from service users. Literature review identified content domains and response options. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was undertaken to identify subscales of caregiver needs. The internal consistency reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity of the new scale were examined.
    RESULTS: 273 caregivers of children with disabilities completed the fielded questionnaire. EFA revealed 4 subscales of caregiver needs: need for 'Help getting information and services for the child,' 'Help coping with the child,' 'Help getting child care' and 'Help with finances.' Three items with factor loading <0.4 were dropped. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the subscales ranged from 0.813 to 0.903. Total CNS score correlated with number of child's needs and unmet needs. The score was also higher in families with financial and employment problems.
    CONCLUSION: A new instrument was developed to assess the needs of caregivers of children with disabilities for use in the Malaysian population. The CNS showed satisfactory psychometric properties but further examination is warranted to confirm its validity.
    KEYWORDS: Caregivers; Children with disabilities; Instrument development; Needs assessment; Psychometric properties
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  2. Stability of depressive symptoms over 3 months post-partum
    Abdollahi F, Zarghami M, Sazlina SG, Lye MS
    Early intervention in psychiatry, 2017 Feb;11(1):57-62.
    PMID: 25582677 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12215
    AIM: Prolonged depression during the post-partum period is associated with maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Less attention has been given to factors that predict the persistence of depression beyond the first 3 months post-partum.
    METHODS: From a longitudinal cohort of 2279 women who attended Mazandaran's primary health centres in 2009, 478 women with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score of 12 or greater in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Persistently depressed women (depressed at all three occasions: during pregnancy, and at 2 and 12 weeks post-partum) were compared with those without depression to determine demographic, cultural, obstetric and biopsychosocial predictors for persistence of depression. Data were analysed using chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression models.
    RESULTS: The stability of depression was found in 193 (46.2 %) of 418 depressed cases who were followed up over the study period. Of those mothers who scored more than the threshold of 12 during the third trimester of pregnancy, 277 (66.3%) and 221 (52.9%) had high EPDS at 2 and 12 weeks post-partum. Psychological distress (based upon the General Health Questionnaire), low maternal parental self-efficacy (based upon the Parental Expectation Survey) and perceived social isolation (based upon the Network Orientation Scale) were independent predictors of persistent depression.
    CONCLUSION: Fewer depressed mothers in this study were found to recover during the first 3 months after giving birth. Psychosocial factors predicted sustained depression from pregnancy to 3 months post-partum. The findings highlight the significance of support in enhancing maternal mental health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  3. Fulltext Comparing the effect of oral supplementation of vitamin E, injective vitamin E and selenium or both during late pregnancy on production and reproductive performance and immune function of dairy cows and calves
    Kafilzadeh F, Kheirmanesh H, Karami Shabankareh H, Targhibi MR, Maleki E, Ebrahimi M, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:165841.
    PMID: 25045726 DOI: 10.1155/2014/165841
    The object of this study was to determine the effect of prepartum supplementation of vitamin E with or without injective vitamin E and selenium (Se) on productive and reproductive performances and immune function in dairy cows. Sixty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided randomly into three groups at the end of gestation. Cows in each group received one of three treatments: (1) a single intramuscular (im) injection of vit. E + selenium 3 weeks prepartum; (2) daily supplementation of oral vit. E given from 3 weeks prepartum to parturition; (3) injective vit. E + Se with daily supplementation of oral vit. E. Blood samples were collected from cows at calving and from calves at 0 and 7 days of age. Concentration of IgG in serum of cows and calves as well as in colostrum was determined. No significant differences among treatments occurred in the concentrations of IgG, animal, and calf production and reproduction performance. Due to the lack of significant difference between injection and oral supplementation, it is recommended to replace the injection with oral supplementation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  4. Fulltext Knowledge and practice on Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women from Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand
    Andiappan H, Nissapatorn V, Sawangjaroen N, Khaing SL, Salibay CC, Cheung MM, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2014;5:291.
    PMID: 24966855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00291
    Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the infectious agents of congenital TORCH infections, causes severe clinical outcomes in fetus and newborns. Nevertheless this life-threatening parasitic disease is preventable by simple preventive measures related to lifestyle during pregnancy. We aim to study on the knowledge about toxoplasmosis and practices that prevents this infection among the pregnant women. Total of 2598 pregnant women from Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand were randomly surveyed to determine the knowledge and their practices on Toxoplasma infection. The questionnaire covered respondents' general information and knowledge on plausible risks factors, symptoms, timing of infection, prevention knowledge, and preventive behavior regarding Toxoplasma infection. Majority of these pregnant women were in their age group of 20-29 years (50.9%), completed secondary level of education (51.7%), in their second trimester of pregnancies (38.1%), non-parous (36.6%), and had no history of abortion (90.4%). Based on this survey, only 11% of these pregnant women had read, heard, or seen information regarding toxoplasmosis and 3.5% of them were aware of being tested for the infection. A small percentage of these pregnant women knew that T. gondii were shed in the feces of infected cats (19.4%) and sometimes found in the raw or undercooked meat (11.0%). There was 16.1% of responding women knew that toxoplasmosis is caused by an infection. Demographic profiles such as age group, level of education, pregnancy term, and number of children of the pregnant women showed significant association with their responses toward prevention knowledge and preventive behavior related questions (P < 0.05). Thus, it is suggested that health education on toxoplasmosis and primary behavioral practices should be consistently offered to reproductive age women in general and pregnant women in particular. This information could help to reduce vertical transmission of Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  5. Fulltext Term delivery of a complete hydatidiform mole with a coexisting living fetus followed by successful treatment of maternal metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease
    Peng HH, Huang KG, Chueh HY, Adlan AS, Chang SD, Lee CL
    Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2014 Sep;53(3):397-400.
    PMID: 25286799 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.02.005
    OBJECTIVE: A twin pregnancy consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole with a coexisting normal fetus is extremely rare with an incidence of 1/22,000 to 1/100,000. The incidence of preterm delivery is high and few pregnancies reach near term with a viable fetus.
    CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old woman presented at 20 weeks of gestation with increased levels of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) at 4.74 multiples of the median (310277.7 mIU/mL). Ultrasonography showed a hydatidiform mole together with a normal fetus. Fetal karyotyping revealed 46XY. The serum beta-HCG levels were followed up throughout the remainder of the pregnancy. A male infant weighting 2260 g and the molar tissue were delivered at 37 weeks of gestation. The karyotype of the molar tissue showed 46XX and the histopathological report confirmed our diagnosis. At 4 months postpartum, metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease of the lung was diagnosed in the mother by a computed tomography scan due to increased beta-HCG levels. The patient received three unsuccessful cycles of methotrexate and folinate. Another four cycles of chemotherapy consisting of etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine (EMA-CO) were initiated and the beta-HCG levels returned to normal. There was no evidence of recurrence in the subsequent 5 years of regular follow up.
    CONCLUSION: A pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform mole and a living cotwin can be a serious threat to the health of both the mother and the fetus. Early diagnosis depends on a combination of detecting an unusually high level of serum beta-HCG and ultrasound examination. We suggest that continuation of the pregnancy may be an acceptable option and that the pregnancy may continue until term if a normal fetal anatomy is assured and maternal complications are under control. Patients require careful postpartum follow up and any recurrent disease should be managed aggressively.
    KEYWORDS: EMA-CO; metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease; twin pregnancy with one complete hydatidiform mole
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  6. The yield of flexible airway endoscopy in infants and children with severe airway problems under a physician-surgeon combined-care setting: our experience from 121 procedures
    Asha'ari ZA, Abdullah F, Yusof S, Yusof RA
    Clin Otolaryngol, 2015 Feb;40(1):52-6.
    PMID: 25311812 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12328
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  7. Fulltext Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains with antimicrobial activity against some human pathogenic strains
    Shokryazdan P, Sieo CC, Kalavathy R, Liang JB, Alitheen NB, Faseleh Jahromi M, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:927268.
    PMID: 25105147 DOI: 10.1155/2014/927268
    The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize some lactic acid bacterial strains from human milk, infant feces, and fermented grapes and dates, as potential probiotics with antimicrobial activity against some human pathogenic strains. One hundred and forty bacterial strains were isolated and, after initial identification and a preliminary screening for acid and bile tolerance, nine of the best isolates were selected and further identified using 16 S rRNA gene sequences. The nine selected isolates were then characterized in vitro for their probiotic characteristics and their antimicrobial activities against some human pathogens. Results showed that all nine isolates belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. They were able to tolerate pH 3 for 3 h, 0.3% bile salts for 4 h, and 1.9 mg/mL pancreatic enzymes for 3 h. They exhibited good ability to attach to intestinal epithelial cells and were not resistant to the tested antibiotics. They also showed good antimicrobial activities against the tested pathogenic strains of humans, and most of them exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than the reference strain L. casei Shirota. Thus, the nine Lactobacillus strains could be considered as potential antimicrobial probiotic strains against human pathogens and should be further studied for their human health benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  8. Fulltext The rural bite in population pyramids: what are the implications for responsiveness of health systems in middle income countries?
    Jahan N, Allotey P, Arunachalam D, Yasin S, Soyiri IN, Davey TM, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2014;14 Suppl 2:S8.
    PMID: 25081203 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-S2-S8
    Health services can only be responsive if they are designed to service the needs of the population at hand. In many low and middle income countries, the rate of urbanisation can leave the profile of the rural population quite different from the urban population. As a consequence, the kinds of services required for an urban population may be quite different from that required for a rural population. This is examined using data from the South East Asia Community Observatory in rural Malaysia and contrasting it with the national Malaysia population profile.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  9. 'A better alternative': why women use peer-to-peer shared milk
    Gribble KD
    Breastfeed Rev, 2014 Mar;22(1):11-21.
    PMID: 24804519
    The process by which women came to use internet-facilitated peer-to-peer shared milk was explored via a written questionnaire administered to 41 peer milk recipients from five countries. Respondents were universally unable to provide some or all of the milk their infants required. Twenty-nine dyads had a medical condition that could have affected their ability to breastfeed. Many respondents had had great difficulty in finding health workers who could assist them with their breastfeeding challenges. Before obtaining peer-shared milk, respondents had tried to increase their own milk supply, used infant formula or sought donor milk from personal contacts. Health workers dealing with breastfeeding women require greater training in the recognition and treatment of conditions that adversely affect breastfeeding including a physiological incapacity to fully breastfeed. Peer-to-peer milk recipients appear to be very satisfied with the solution milk sharing provides to their problem of being unable to fully breastfeed their infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  10. Letter to the editor regarding "A questionnaire-based study on parental satisfaction with a universal newborn hearing screening program in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"
    Wiwanitkit V
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2014 Apr;78(4):710.
    PMID: 24565116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.01.037
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  11. Islamic bioethical deliberation on the issue of newborns with disorders of sex development
    Mohamed MS, Noor SN
    Sci Eng Ethics, 2015 Apr;21(2):429-40.
    PMID: 24664170 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-014-9534-z
    This article presents the Islamic bioethical deliberation on the issue of sex assignment surgery (SAS) for infants with disorders of sex development (DSD) or intersexed as a case study. The main objective of this study is to present a different approach in assessing a biomedical issue within the medium of the Maqasid al-Shari'ah. Within the framework of the maqasidic scheme of benefits and harms, any practice where benefits are substantial is considered permissible, while those promoting harms are prohibited. The concept of Maqasid al-Shari'ah which is the mechanistic interpretation of Qur'an and Hadith presents the holistic attention of Islam on many life activities, including healthcare. Indeed, this concept encompasses many aspects of worldly life, both for the human individual and collectively for the whole society. In healthcare, the practice of SAS on DSD newborns has presented an assortment of implications on the future livelihood of the affected individual. The process of decision-making seems to be very multifaceted since every element such as the determination of the 'correct' sex and the urgency of early surgery must consider the benefits and harms, as well as the child's rights and best interest. The application of the concept of Maqasid al-Shari'ah, would convey a pragmatic approach that is often disregarded in Western medicine. This approach considers the right of the individual to live life optimally, individually and socially and practice his faith, precisely, in accordance with the assigned gender.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  12. The effects of prenatal oxidative stress levels on infant adiposity development during the first year of life
    Loy SL, Sirajudeen KN, Hamid Jan JM
    J Dev Orig Health Dis, 2014 Apr;5(2):142-51.
    PMID: 24847700 DOI: 10.1017/S204017441300055X
    Although numerous studies have been conducted to examine the causal factors of childhood obesity, the implications of intrauterine oxidative stress on early postnatal adiposity development remain to be elucidated. The Universiti Sains Malaysia Birth Cohort Study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal oxidative stress levels on the development of infant adiposity during the first year of life. This study was conducted on the healthy pregnant women aged 19-40 years, from April 2010 to December 2012 in Kelantan, Malaysia. Maternal blood samples were drawn in the second trimester to analyse for oxidative stress markers. Infant anthropometric measurements were taken at birth, 2, 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 153 pregnant women and full-term infants were included in the analysis. Statistical test was conducted by using multiple linear regression. Through the infant first year of life, as maternal DNA damage level in the second trimester increased, infant weights at birth (β=-0.122, P<0.001), 2 months (β=-0.120, P=0013), 6 months (β=-0.209, P=0.003) and 12 months of age (β=-0.241, P=0.006) decreased after adjusting for confounders. Similar results were noted when infant body mass index-for-age Z-scores and triceps skinfold-for-age Z-scores were used as the adiposity indicators. In conclusion, the present study shows a consistent inverse association between maternal DNA damage and infant adiposity during the first year of life. These infants with reduced growth and adiposity in early postnatal life may have a high tendency to experience catch-up growth during childhood, which could be strongly associated with later obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  13. A questionnaire-based study on parental satisfaction with a universal newborn hearing screening program in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Mazlan R, Ting TL, Mukari SZ, Abdullah A
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2014 Feb;78(2):348-53.
    PMID: 24380662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.12.014
    The present study aimed to determine levels of parents' satisfaction associated with the universal newborn hearing screening process in a university hospital setting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  14. Fulltext Assessment of the optic nerve head parameters using Heidelberg retinal tomography III in preterm children
    Alshaarawi S, Shatriah I, Zunaina E, Wan Hitam WH
    PLoS One, 2014;9(2):e88056.
    PMID: 24551076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088056
    Variations in optic nerve head morphology and abnormal retinal vascular pattern have been described in preterm children using digital image analysis of fundus photograph, optical coherence tomograph and serial funduscopy. We aimed to compare the optic nerve head parameters in preterm and term Malay children using Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  15. Fulltext Correlates of and barriers to the utilization of health services for delivery in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
    Tey NP, Lai SL
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:423403.
    PMID: 24288482 DOI: 10.1155/2013/423403
    The high maternal and neonatal mortality rates in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa can be attributed to the lack of access and utilization of health services for delivery. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania show that more than half of the births in these countries were delivered outside a health facility. Institutional delivery was closely associated with educational level, family wealth, place of residence, and women's media exposure status, but it was not influenced by women's work status and their roles in decision-making (with the exception of Nigeria). Controlling for other variables, higher parity and younger women were less likely to use a health facility for delivery. Within each country, the poorer, less educated and rural women had higher unmet need for maternal care services. Service related factors (accessibility in terms of cost and distance) and sociocultural factors (e.g., did not perceive the need for the services and objections from husband and family) also posed as barriers to institutional delivery. The paper concludes with some suggestions to increase institutional delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  16. International perspectives on donor milk in and beyond the NICU
    Grøvslien A, Torng HH, Moro GE, Simpson J, Barnett D
    J Hum Lact, 2013 Aug;29(3):310-2.
    PMID: 23855030 DOI: 10.1177/0890334413487509
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  17. Treatment of congenital chylothorax with octreotide in a hydropic preterm infant
    Choo YM, Lim CT
    Paediatr Int Child Health, 2013 May;33(2):116-9.
    PMID: 23925288 DOI: 10.1179/2046905512Y.0000000030
    Congenital chylothorax is rare in preterm infants. While most cases respond to conservative treatment, a few require surgery. Treatment with intravenous octreotide has been reported to have varying success in preterm infants. A fetus was diagnosed with bilateral hydrothoraces at 29 weeks of gestation and repeated thoracocentesis was performed antenatally to allow growth of the lungs. She was delivered electively at 32 weeks by caesarean section. Hydrops fetalis was confirmed and chest tubes were inserted bilaterally soon after birth. Intravenous octreotide was commenced on day 4 of life, titrated to a maximum of 10 μg/kg/hr for a total of 28 days. Hydrothorax resolved at day 30 and total parenteral nutrition was given for a total of 37 days. She was successfully extubated on day 40 of life and discharged on day 80. On review at 6 months of age, she was thriving and developing normally.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  18. Fulltext Teaching medical students neonatal resuscitation: knowledge gained and retained from a brief simulation-based training workshop
    Lai NM, Ngim CF, Fullerton PD
    Educ Health (Abingdon), 2012 Nov;25(2):105-10.
    PMID: 23823593 DOI: 10.4103/1357-6283.103457
    Despite being an essential clinical skill, many junior doctors feel unprepared to perform neonatal resuscitation. We introduced a neonatal resuscitation training workshop in 2009 for our final-year medical students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  19. Neural tube defects in Malaysia: data from the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry
    Boo NY, Cheah IG, Thong MK, Malaysian National Neonatal Registry
    J Trop Pediatr, 2013 Oct;59(5):338-42.
    PMID: 23583959 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmt026
    This study aimed to determine the prevalence and early outcome of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Malaysia. This prospective study included all neonates with NTDs (spina bifida, anencephaly, encephalocoele) born in 2009 in 32 Malaysian hospitals in the Malaysian National Neonatal Network. The prevalence of NTDs was 0.42 per 1000 live births, being highest among the indigenous people of Sarawak (1.09 per 1000 live births) and lowest among Malaysians of Chinese descent (0.09 per 1000 live births). The most common type of NTDs was anencephaly (0.19 per 1000 live births), followed by spina bifida (0.11 per 1000 live births) and encephalocoele (0.07 per 1000 live births). Majority of the infants with anencephaly (94.5%, n = 51), 45.8% (n = 11) with encephalocoele and 9.5% (n = 4) with spina bifida died. The median duration of hospital stay was 4 (range: 0-161) days.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  20. Fulltext Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti-E
    Usman AS, Mustaffa R, Ramli N, Diggi SA
    Asian J Transfus Sci, 2013 Jan;7(1):84-5.
    PMID: 23559775 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.106750
    OBJECTIVE: Maternal allo-antibody production is stimulated when fetal red blood cells are positive for an antigen absent on the mother's red cells. The maternal IgG antibodies produced will pass through the placenta and attack fetal red cells carrying the corresponding antigen. Allo-immune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti-E rarely occurs.

    CASE SUMMARY: We report two cases of anti-E hemolytic diseases in neonates. One of the neonates had severe hemolysis presenting with severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, while the other had moderate anemia and unconjugated hyperbilrubinemia. Although both the neonates were treated by phototherapy and intravenous immunoglobulin, one of them received double volume exchange transfusion.

    CONCLUSION: There appeared to be an increase in the occurrence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by Rh antibodies other than anti-D. In this case report, both patients presented with anemia and hyperbilirubinemia but were successfully treated, with a favorable outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
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