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  1. Fulltext Alcohol consumption and its effect on testicular structure and on sperm count and motility in parent mice and their offspring
    Albadri, C.T., Al Ani, I.M., Hiba, H.M.A.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(1):43-48.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of alcohol consumption on sperm count and motility and the morphological changes in the seminiferous tubules of parent mice and their offspring. Methods: Animals were divided into two groups, Group 1 (alcohol group) of twelve male and twelve female mice, were given a daily dose of (3 g/kg body weight as 25%, v/v) ethanol by gastric gavage for four and eight weeks. Group 2 (control group) also of twelve male and twelve female mice; received normal access of food and water. After four weeks of treatment, the males and females in each group were allowed to mate, and ethanol treatment continued for up to another four weeks. Twelve male offspring from group 1 and twelve male offspring from group 2 were selected randomly and allowed to become mature. Male parent mice were killed at the 4th and 8th weeks of treatment, and their male offsprings were killed when they reached maturity age. Results: Physiological examination of the sperm solution showed that there was a significant decrease in sperm count and motility after 4 and 8 weeks of ethanol treatment in parent male mice, but this decrease was not significant in their adult offspring. Furthermore, histological investigations indicated testicular lesions in the parent male mice and their adult male offspring. Conclusion: Alcohol abuse has deleterious effects on the testes structure and on the sperm count and motility of the epididymal spermatozoa of both parent mice and their offspring.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  2. Protective role of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract against streptozotocin induced sperm damage in diabetic rats
    Idris MH, Budin SB, Osman M, Mohamed J
    EXCLI J, 2012;11:659-669.
    PMID: 27847454
    Diabetes mellitus contributes to male sexual dysfunction and infertility by modulating oxidative damage. To date, a number of studies have demonstrated antioxidant properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. This study was designed to investigate the effects of H. sabdariffa UKMR-2 variety on sperm functioning of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allotted into four groups, namely control group (C), H. sabdariffa extract (HSE) group, diabetes group (D) and diabetes plus HSE group (D+HSE). HSE (100 mg/ kg/body weight) was administered orally for 28 consecutive days. After 28-days of supplementation, the rats were sacrificed to obtain epididymal sperm. Administration of HSE significantly lowered the level of fasting blood glucose and increased plasma insulin level in D+HSE group as compared to D group (p<0.05). Sperm quality in the D+HSE group was improved with significantly higher sperm concentrations (p<0.05) and sperm motility (p<0.001) as well as lower percentage of sperm abnormality (p<0.05) as compared to the diabetic group. Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level was significantly elevated (p<0.05) in D+HSE group than in D group while no significant alteration in plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) level were seen between groups. In conclusion, this study suggested that H. sabdariffa UKMR-2 variety has a potential protective role against diabetes-induced sperm damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  3. Leptin and reproductive dysfunction in obese men
    Almabhouh FA, Md Mokhtar AH, Malik IA, Aziz NAAA, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ
    Andrologia, 2020 Feb;52(1):e13433.
    PMID: 31773771 DOI: 10.1111/and.13433
    Infertility is somewhat more prevalent in men who are obese. They are also reported to have low sperm concentration, higher fraction of spermatozoa that look morphologically abnormal, higher DNA fragmentation index and evidence of oxidative stress. The precise cause for this remains uncertain. Leptin levels in serum and percentage body fat correlate positively, and obese men therefore usually have elevated serum leptin levels. Although leptin is important for normal reproductive function, but when present in excess, leptin could seriously affect reproductive function in men. Reports on the findings of sperm parameters in obese men, particularly those who are subfertile or infertile, seem to be similar to those reported from studies on normal-weight rats treated with leptin. Collectively, the observations reported in human and experimental animal studies point to leptin as a possible link between infertility and obesity. Herein, we review some findings on sperm function in obese subfertile or infertile men and those from animal studies following leptin treatment, and discuss the possible link between leptin and reproductive dysfunction in obese men. The large amounts of leptin secreted by the adipose tissue and its higher circulating levels could indeed be responsible for the higher prevalence of infertility in obese men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  4. Fertility suppression in male sprague-dawley rats by administration of methanolic extract of hempedu bumi (Andrographis paniculata)
    Mahanem M, Dayang Nurul Fatihah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1249-1255.
    The recent expanding rat population is causing severe economic losses and diseases in human. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antifertility effects of Andrographis paniculata (AP) methanol extract on the weight of testis, sexual behaviour, fertility, sperm quality and serum testosterone level in treated male rats compared with control rats. A total of 21 adult male rats Sprague-Dawley aged 12 weeks were divided into three groups; control group (distilled water), low dose group (800 mg/kg) and high dose group (1600 mg/kg) of AP methanol extracts given orally for 24 days. Body and testis weight, sexual behaviour test, fertility test, sperm quality and serum testosterone level were measured. Oral administration of AP methanol extract showed a significant decrease in testis weight, number of mountings, number of fetuses, sperm count, sperm motility and serum testosterone levels for all treatment group as compared with the control group, whereas mortality showed a significant increase. Observation on testis histology of treatment group exhibited features of degeneration in Sertoli cells and germinal cells in the seminiferous tubules, followed by the shrinkage of Leydig cells as compared with the control group, which showed characteristics of normal spermatogenesis. In conclusion, AP methanol extract exhibited antifertility effects in male rats, suggesting that AP is a potential herb to be applied as rodenticide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  5. Fulltext True hermaphrodite--a case report
    Yip CH, Pathmanathan R
    Singapore Med J, 1996 Feb;37(1):117-8.
    PMID: 8783930
    A case report of a male true hermaphrodite with 46XX/46XY karyotype is presented. He was first diagnosed at the age of 9 years when he presented with hypospadias and a left undescended testis. He was lost to follow-up until he presented at the age of 23 years with bilateral gynaecomastia. A hormonal profile showed a low testosterone level, while a seminal assay showed very few sperms. However he claimed to be sexually active. A year later, after he got married, he began to complain of impotence. A review of the condition is presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  6. Fulltext Comparison between mechanical freezer and conventional freezing using liquid nitrogen in normozoospermia
    Rahana AR, Ng SP, Leong CF, Rahimah MD
    Singapore Med J, 2011 Oct;52(10):734-7.
    PMID: 22009393
    INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effect of human semen cryopreservation using an ultra-low temperature technique with a mechanical freezer at -85°C as an alternative method to the conventional liquid nitrogen technique at -196°C.
    METHODS: This was a prospective experimental study conducted in the Medically Assisted Conception unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Malaysia from January 1, 2006 to April 30, 2007. All normozoospermic semen samples were included in the study. The concentration, motility and percentage of intact DNA of each semen sample were assessed before and after freezing and thawing on Days 7 and 30 post freezing.
    RESULTS: Sperm cryopreservation at -85°C was comparable to the conventional liquid nitrogen technique for a period of up to 30 days in a normozoospermic sample. There was no statistical difference in concentration (Day 7 p-value is 0.1, Day 30 p-value is 0.2), motility (Day 7 p-value is 0.9, Day 30 p-value is 0.5) and proportion of intact DNA (Day 7 p-value is 0.1, Day 30 p-value is 0.2) between the ultra-low temperature technique and conventional liquid nitrogen cryopreservation at Days 7 and 30 post thawing.
    CONCLUSION: This study clearly demonstrates that short-term storage of sperm at -85°C could be a viable alternative to conventional liquid nitrogen cryopreservation at -196°C due to their comparable post-thaw results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  7. The impact of leptin on sperm
    Almabhouh FA, Singh HJ
    Reprod Fertil Dev, 2023 May;35(8):459-468.
    PMID: 37196661 DOI: 10.1071/RD22222
    Despite its important role in numerous physiological functions, including regulation of appetite and body weight, immune function and normal sexual maturation, raised leptin levels could result in significant damaging effects on sperm. The adverse effects of leptin on the male reproductive system result from its direct actions on the reproductive organs and cells instead of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Binding of leptin to the receptors in the seminiferous tubular cells of the testes increases free radical production and decreases the gene expression and activity of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants. These effects are mediated via the PI3K pathway. The resultant oxidative stress causes significant damage to the seminiferous tubular cells, germ cells and sperm DNA leading to apoptosis, increased sperm DNA fragmentation, decreased sperm count, increased fraction of sperm with abnormal morphology, and decreased seminiferous tubular height and diameter. This review summarises the evidence in the literature on the adverse effects of leptin on sperm, which could underlie the often-reported sperm abnormalities in obese hyperleptinaemic infertile males. Although leptin is necessary for normal reproductive function, its raised levels could be pathologic. There is, therefore, a need to identify the cut-off level in the serum and seminal fluid above which leptin becomes pathological for better management of leptin associated adverse effects on male reproductive function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  8. Fulltext Low-dose Nicotine Exposure Induced the Oxidative Damage of Reproductive Organs and Altered the Sperm Characteristics of Adolescent Male Rats
    Budin SB, Kho JH, Lee JH, Ramalingam A, Jubaidi FF, Latif ES, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Dec;24(6):50-57.
    PMID: 29379386 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.6.6
    Background: Nicotine is a major toxic and hazardous component of cigarette smoke, and it has been widely used in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of chronic low-dose nicotine on sperm characteristics and reproductive organ integrity in adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats.

    Methods: Twelve rats were equally divided into two groups. Group I received normal saline, and group II received 0.6 mg/kg body weight nicotine intraperitoneally for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the experimental period, sperm was collected for sperm characteristic evaluation, and the testes and prostate were isolated for biochemical and morphological analysis. The effects of nicotine on the body and reproductive organ weights of the animals were evaluated.

    Results: Chronic nicotine treatment significantly (P < 0.05) altered the sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology, and remarkably increased the malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) and advanced oxidation protein product (P < 0.05) levels in the testes and prostate of nicotine-treated group compared to control group. Moreover, nicotine caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the superoxide dismutase activity of the testes. No significant differences were observed in the reduced glutathione level in both of the testes and prostate of nicotine group compared with control group. Nicotine also induced histopathological alteration in the testes.

    Conclusion: A low-dose nicotine exposure at 0.6 mg/kg caused detrimental effects on sperm characteristics and induced oxidative stress in the testes and prostate.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  9. Dermal exposure to the herbicide-paraquat results in genotoxic and cytotoxic damage to germ cells in the male rat
    D'Souza UJ, Narayana K, Zain A, Raju S, Nizam HM, Noriah O
    Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2006 Feb;65(1):6-10.
    PMID: 16783728
    The effects of exposure to low doses of paraquat, a herbicide, via the dermal route were studied on the spermatozoa of Sprague-Dawley rats. Paraquat (1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride) was administered once a day for five days, at intervals of 24 h at 0, 6, 15 and 30 mg/kg, and the rats were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 28, and 42 after the last exposure. The sperm suspensions were obtained by mincing the caudae epididymes and ductus deferens for the purpose of performing a sperm morphology test, sperm count and analysis of sperm mortality and sperm motility, as per the standard procedures. The sperm count was decreased (p < 0.05) only on days 7 and 14 but sperm abnormalities increased on all days (p < 0.05). Sperm mortality increased at higher dose-levels (p < 0.05) except on day 42, and motility was affected by 30 mg/kg only on day 42. In conclusion, paraquat is a genotoxic and cytotoxic agent to germ cells in the male rat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  10. Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development: Improvement in Spermatogonia after Removal of Ovary and Müllerian Structures
    Abd Wahab AV, Lim LM, Mohamed Tarmizi MH
    J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 2019 Feb;32(1):74-77.
    PMID: 30248506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.09.006
    BACKGROUND: Ovotesticular disorders of sex development is a condition defined as the presence of ovarian tissue containing ovarian follicles and testicular tissue containing seminiferous tubules in the same individual.

    CASE: We report on a 19-year-old who is phenotypically male, with a 46,XX/46,XY mosaicism karyotype, who presented later in life with cyclical abdominal pain that resembled menstrual cramps and unilateral undescended testes.

    SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: He underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy, resulting in cessation of his symptoms and improved sperm count.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  11. Geographical differences in semen characteristics: Comparing semen parameters of infertile men of the United States and Iraq
    Palani A, Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Henkel R
    Andrologia, 2020 Apr;52(3):e13519.
    PMID: 32003032 DOI: 10.1111/and.13519
    The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous other confounding factors, variations in male fertility parameters in different regions have repeatedly been suggested to be influenced by geographic locations. The impact of overall lifestyle, behavioural patterns, ethnicity, work stress and associated factors upon health differ greatly between developed and developing countries. These factors, individually or in combination, affect male reproductive functions ensuing the discrepancies in semen qualities in connection with geographic variations. However, reports comparing semen characteristics between developed and developing countries are sparse. The present study finds its novelty in presenting a comparison in semen parameters of infertile men in the United States (n = 76) that fairly represents the population of a highly developed region and Iraq (n = 102), the representative of male populations of a developing region. Samples were collected and analysed according to WHO (WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, WHO; 2010) criteria by means of the Mann-Whitney test. The US population demonstrated lower sperm concentration, total count, and total and progressive sperm motility with a higher seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared to the Iraqi population. This report encourages further investigations concerning the confounding factors leading to such alterations in semen qualities between these two geographic areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  12. Adverse effects of leptin on histone-to-protamine transition during spermatogenesis are prevented by melatonin in Sprague-Dawley rats
    Almabhouh FA, Singh HJ
    Andrologia, 2018 Feb;50(1).
    PMID: 28497500 DOI: 10.1111/and.12814
    This study examines the effect of melatonin on leptin-induced changes in transition of histone to protamine in adult rats during spermatogenesis. Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into control, leptin-, leptin-melatonin-10-, leptin-melatonin-20- and melatonin-10-treated groups with six rats per group. Leptin was given via intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) daily for 42 days (60 μg/kg body weight). Rats in the leptin- and melatonin-treated groups were given either 10 or 20 mg day-1  kg-1 body weight of leptin in drinking water. Melatonin-10-treated group received only 10 mg of melatonin day-1  kg-1 body weight in drinking water for 42 days. Control rats received 0.1 ml of 0.9% saline. Upon completion of the treatment, sperm count, morphology and histone-to-protamine ratio were estimated. Gene expression of HAT, HDAC1, HDAC2, H2B, H2A, H1, PRM1, PRM2, TNP1 and TNP2 was determined. Data were analysed using ANOVA. Sperm count was significantly lower, whereas the fraction of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology, the ratio of histone-to-protamine transition and the expressions of HAT, HDAC1, HDAC2, H2B, H2A, H1, PRM1 were significantly higher in leptin-treated rats than those in controls or melatonin-treated rats. It appears that exogenous leptin administration adversely affects histone-to-protamine transition, which is prevented by concurrent administration of melatonin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  13. Fulltext The effect of eurycoma longifolia Jack on spermatogenesis in estrogen-treated rats
    Wahab NA, Mokhtar NM, Halim WN, Das S
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2010;65(1):93-8.
    PMID: 20126351 DOI: 10.1590/S1807-59322010000100014
    There is little data concerning the ability of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (EL) to reverse the inhibitory effects of estrogen on testosterone production and spermatogenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of EL on testicular histology and sperm count in estrogen-treated male rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  14. A study of the antioxidant effect of alpha lipoic acids on sperm quality
    Ibrahim SF, Osman K, Das S, Othman AM, Majid NA, Rahman MP
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2008 Aug;63(4):545-50.
    PMID: 18719769
    OBJECTIVE: Assisted reproductive techniques are useful in helping infertile couples achieve successful conception. Initial studies have shown that sperm cryopreservation, one step in assisted reproduction, causes a dramatic reduction in sperm quality. This has been attributed to, among other things, free radical activities. The aim of the present study was to minimize this oxidative attack by adding an antioxidant into the sperm microenvironment. Alpha lipoic acids were selected for this purpose for their efficient free radical scavenging properties and solubility in lipid and aqueous phases.

    METHODS: For this investigation, semen from six Boer bucks was pooled. Seminal analysis of the baseline prior to incubation of samples with different concentrations of Alpha lipoic acids (0.00625, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mmol/ml) was performed, and post-seminal analysis was conducted after a one-hour incubation. The comet assay was used to observe the effect of Alpha lipoic acids on sperm DNA integrity. Statistical analysis using an unpaired t-test with a significance level of p<0.05 was then performed.

    RESULTS: Our results indicate that the sperm motility rate was improved after incubation with Alpha lipoic acids at a concentration of 0.02 mmol/ml. This concentration was also capable of reducing DNA damage.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Alpha lipoic acids renders cryoprotection to sperm, thereby improving sperm quality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  15. Fulltext Eurycoma longifolia Jack in managing idiopathic male infertility
    Tambi MI, Imran MK
    Asian J Androl, 2010 May;12(3):376-80.
    PMID: 20348942 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.7
    This study investigated the effect of treatment with the proprietary standardized, water-soluble extract of the root of the Malaysian plant, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, which is thought to enhance male fertility with regard to higher semen volumes, sperm concentrations, the percentage of normal sperm morphology and sperm motility in male partners of sub-fertile couples with idiopathic infertility. A total of 350 patients were given 200 mg of the extract daily and follow-up semen analyses were performed every 3 months for 9 months. Of these 350 patients, 75 patients completed one full cycle of 3 months. Follow-up semen analyses in these patients showed significant improvement in all semen parameters. The proprietary extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack significantly improved the sperm quality in these patients, allowing for 11 (14.7%) spontaneous pregnancies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  16. Alcohol abuse-duration dependent decrease in plasma testosterone and antioxidants in males
    Maneesh M, Dutta S, Chakrabarti A, Vasudevan DM
    Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2006 Jul-Sep;50(3):291-6.
    PMID: 17193902
    Ethanol is a testicular toxin and it causes fertility abnormalities with low sperm count and impaired sperm motility in men. The present study was designed to investigate plasma testosterone level and hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis function in alcoholic men and also effect of ethanol on systemic oxidative stress. Forty six male alcohol abusers in the age group 20-40 years were selected. Fifty five, males in the same age group served as control. Alcohol abusers had significantly low plasma testosterone with low luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. In addition they had significantly high thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, and low glutathione, ascorbic acid, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, serum testosterone level in alcoholics negatively correlated with duration of alcohol abuse, and TBARS. Duration dependent decreased serum testosterone level in alcohol abusers might be due to 1) increased oxidative stress which can damage Leydig and supporting Sertoli cells and 2) impaired HPG axis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  17. Sperm parameters quality and reproductive effects of methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on senescent male rats
    Ngaha Njila MI, Massoma Lembè D, Koloko BL, Yong Meng G, Ebrahimi M, Awad EA, et al.
    Andrologia, 2019 Oct;51(9):e13359.
    PMID: 31353623 DOI: 10.1111/and.13359
    The effect of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on the fertility of senescent male rats was assessed in this study. 40 rats received daily distilled water, testosterone, 200 and 400 mg/kg of extract of Alchornea cordifolia. The reproductive organs weight, the gonadotropins, testosterone and cholesterol level, the sperm parameters, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. The weight of testes and prostate (400 mg/kg) significantly increased (p sperm count and morphology significantly increased at both doses of 200 mg/kg (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  18. Reactive oxygen species-induced alterations in H19-Igf2 methylation patterns, seminal plasma metabolites, and semen quality
    Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Dutta S, Sengupta P, et al.
    J Assist Reprod Genet, 2019 Feb;36(2):241-253.
    PMID: 30382470 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1350-y
    PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels on the seminal plasma (SP) metabolite milieu and sperm dysfunction.

    METHODS: Semen specimens of 151 normozoospermic men were analyzed for ROS by chemiluminescence and classified according to seminal ROS levels [in relative light units (RLU)/s/106 sperm]: group 1 (n = 39): low (ROS sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), chromatin maturation index (CMI), H19-Igf2 methylation status, and untargeted seminal metabolic profiling using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), was carried out.

    RESULT(S): The methylation status of H19 and Igf2 was significantly different in specimens with high ROS (P sperm motility (P sperm concentration (P sperm motility (r = - 0.20, P sperm viability (r = - 0.23, P sperm concentration (r = - 0.30, P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  19. Fulltext Melatonin ameliorates the adverse effects of leptin on sperm
    Almabhouh FA, Osman K, Ibrahim SF, Gupalo S, Gnanou J, Ibrahim E, et al.
    Asian J Androl, 2016 10 18;19(6):647-654.
    PMID: 27748315 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.183379
    This study examined the effects of melatonin on leptin-induced changes in sperm parameters in adult rats. Five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either leptin or leptin and melatonin or melatonin for 6 weeks. Leptin was given daily via the intraperitoneal route (60 μg kg-1 body weight) and melatonin was given in drinking water (10 mg kg-1 or 20 mg kg-1 body weight per day). Upon completion, sperm count, sperm morphology, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, Comet assay, TUNEL assay, gene expression profiles of antioxidant enzymes, respiratory chain reaction enzymes, DNA damage, and apoptosis genes were estimated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Sperm count was significantly lower whereas the fraction of sperm with abnormal morphology, the level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and sperm DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in rats treated with leptin only. Microarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor, histone acetyl transferase, respiratory chain reaction enzyme, cell necrosis and DNA repair genes, and downregulation of antioxidant enzyme genes in leptin-treated rats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed significant decreases in glutathione peroxidase 1 expression with increases in the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor and histone acetyl transferase in leptin-treated rats. There was no change in the gene expression of caspase-3 (CASP-3). In conclusion, the adverse effects of leptin on sperm can be prevented by concurrent melatonin administration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
  20. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to diazinon and its effect on spermatogram and pituitary gonadal hormones in male offspring of rats at puberty and adulthood
    Jayachandra S, D'Souza UJ
    J Environ Sci Health B, 2014;49(4):271-8.
    PMID: 24502214 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.868287
    The objective of this research is to study the possible reproductive adverse effects of diazinon on rat offspring exposed in utero and during lactation. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats (10-12 week old) were randomly assigned to four groups, each consisting of six rats. Group 1 served as the control and these rats were given normal saline orally. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered diazinon, dissolved in saline at 10, 15, 30 mg/ kg(-1) body weight, per oral, once daily, during mating, pregnancy and lactation. The male offsprings were examined at puberty and adulthood for body weight, testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm count, motility and morphology, pituitary-gonadal hormone levels. At 30 mg kg(-1) dose, the male offsprings showed a decrease in testicular weight, sperm count, motility, with an increase in abnormal sperm percentage and a decline in pituitary-gonadal hormones, at puberty. Upon attaining adulthood, there was a decrease in testicular weight, sperm count and motility with an increase in abnormal sperm percentage and a decrease in pituitary hormone level. There was evidence of some adverse reproductive effects on the male offspring at the 15 mg/ kg(-1) dose. Most of the adverse effects were irreversible and were evident at both puberty and adulthood in the offsprings, although a few parameters reverted to the normal growth pattern. Diazinon is a reproductive toxicant for male offsprings if exposed during prenatal and postnatal phases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Count
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