Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 92 in total

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  1. Utility of recombinant LipL41 based IgM and IgG ELISA in diagnosis of canine leptospirosis in an endemic area - a study from Kerala, India
    Ambily R, Mini M, Siju J, Vamshikrishna S, Abhinay G, Gleeja VL, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):654-663.
    PMID: 33597487
    A study was undertaken to evaluate the relevance of detecting IgM and IgG antibodies in diagnosis of canine leptospirosis in Kerala, a southern state of India, which is endemic for the disease. A total of 205 blood (35 from healthy vaccinated, 30 from healthy unvaccinated and 140 from diseased dogs) and 151 urine samples (11 from healthy vaccinated and 140 from diseased dogs) were collected from three districts of Kerala, Thrissur, Palakkad and Kozhikode with high incidence of leptospirosis. Recombinant LipL41 protein was used as antigen and IgG and IgM based ELISAs were standardized. The results were compared with the gold standard test, microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The MAT positive samples (146 samples) were divided into those having titre >1:800 and those between 1:100 and 1:400 in view that the former constituted the acute cases. It was found that IgM ELISA was more specific and sensitive in detecting acute cases (MAT >1:800) whereas IgG ELISA was less specific. In case of seroprevalence studies (MAT titre 1:100 to 1: 400), IgG ELISA was found to be more sensitive and specific than IgM ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic curves when plotted, revealed the accuracy of IgM ELISA in acute leptospirosis. Many samples were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting lipl41 gene was standardized and urine and blood samples from the same dogs were tested. PCR was found to be the specific test for the early detection of leptospires in blood even before seroconversion. However, PCR analysis of the urine samples was found to be insensitive. Hence, it can be concluded that the diagnostic strategies should be modified, and a combination of serological and molecular tests is recommended in endemic areas rather than simple detection of IgM or IgG antibodies, for the early detection of acute clinical cases of leptospirosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  2. Fulltext Evaluation of a Commercial Immuno-Chromatographic Assay Kit for Rapid Detection of IgM Antibodies against Leptospira Antigen in Human Serum
    Amran F, Liow YL, Halim NAN
    J Korean Med Sci, 2018 Apr 23;33(17):e131.
    PMID: 29686599 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e131
    Leptospirosis is a febrile zoonotic disease. Routine diagnosis of leptospirosis is based on the detection of specific antibodies with serological tests. The aim of our study was to determine the usefulness of immunochromatographic assay (ICA), ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test kit from Korea, in rapid screening of acute leptospirosis in emergency cases with limited expertise. A total of 197 serum samples (93 positive, 104 negative) were selected randomly. The test has good diagnostic sensitivity 73% and specificity 90%. With positive predictive value of 87% and negative predictive value of 79%, this reassures patients have higher chance of correct diagnosis. This ICA is acceptable for screening of leptospirosis but confirmation with microscopic agglutination test should follow.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  3. Fulltext Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Refugee and Migrant Pregnant Women along the Thailand-Myanmar Border
    van Enter BJD, Lau YL, Ling CL, Watthanaworawit W, Sukthana Y, Lee WC, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2017 Jul;97(1):232-235.
    PMID: 28719309 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0999
    Toxoplasma gondii primary infection in pregnancy is associated with poor obstetric outcomes. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant migrant and refugee women from Myanmar attending antenatal care in Thailand. A random selection of 199 residual blood samples from first antenatal screen in 2014-2015 was tested for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection was 31.7% (95% confidence interval = 25.6-38.4). Avidity testing in the three positive IgM cases indicated all were past infections. Multiparity (≥ 3 children) was significantly associated with higher Toxoplasma seropositivity rates. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in this pregnant population is similar to the only other report from Myanmar, where multiparity was also identified as a significant association. Toxoplasma infection is important in pregnant women. Nevertheless, in this marginalized population, this infection may be given less priority, due to resource constraints in providing the most basic components of safe motherhood programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  4. Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending an ante-natal clinic at a teaching hospital in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
    Qamer S, Rizvi SSR, Raoof S, Kamal SM, Khan S
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Mar 01;37(1):186-193.
    PMID: 33612729
    Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic infection that may be transmitted to human beings either by consumption of raw or uncooked meat or by ingesting oocysts. Toxoplasma organisms can cross blood placenta barrier and may result in congenital toxoplasmosis. About 80% of immunocompetent individuals do not show any clinical manifestations and are silent carriers of this disease. Pregnant women especially in highly prevalent areas are recommended to be screened for this disease in order to prevent the potential vertical transmission. To our knowledge no such study has been conducted in this region of Saudi Arabia. This study attempted to carry out two objectives: first, to find out the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in pregnant women attending prenatal care services in our hospital; second, to find out risk factors associated with T. gondii seroprevalence in our patients. It was carried out in Teaching Hospital in Al-Kharj over a period of one year. All 306 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic were involved in the study. A pretested selfexplanatory questionnaire was filled out by the patients and their sera were collected to be tested for IgG and/or IgM against T. gondii. The results were then statistically analyzed using SPSS software and p-value was calculated using Pearson Chi Square test. Out of the 306 blood samples tested, 99 (32.4%) were seropositive for specific anti T. gondii IgG antibodies and 3(1%) were seropositive for IgM. This show that seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies was high among pregnant women and the prevalence showed a significant association with age. The study recommends conducting educational programs to raise awareness among women about risk factors and precautions to be taken.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  5. Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins in blood donors and HIV patients with active cryptococcosis
    Chai HC, Tay ST
    Mycoses, 2009 Mar;52(2):166-70.
    PMID: 18643920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01549.x
    The serological responses to Cryptococcus neoformans proteins of blood donors and HIV patients with active cryptococcosis from a tropical region were investigated in this study. Exposure to C. neoformans, an organism ubiquitous in the environment, contributes to the antibody responses observed in the blood donors. IgG responses to cryptococcal proteins were stronger than IgM responses in most sera tested in this study. A 53-kDa cryptococcal protein fragment was identified as the most immunoreactive protein on the IgM immunoblots of both blood donors and patients. Overall, there was no obvious difference in IgG responses of patients when compared with blood donors. Some immunogenic protein fragments (27.5, 76, 78 and 91.5 kDa) were detected at least two times more frequently on IgM immunoblots of patients compared with those of blood donors. It is yet to be investigated whether the proteins identified in this study may have any potential to be used as biomarker for cryptococcosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood*
  6. Establishment of an immunofluorescence assay to detect IgM antibodies to Nipah virus using HeLa cells expressing recombinant nucleoprotein
    Kaku Y, Park ES, Noguchi A, Inoue S, Lunt R, Malbas FF, et al.
    J Virol Methods, 2019 07;269:83-87.
    PMID: 30954461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.03.009
    A novel indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for detection of IgM against Nipah virus (NiV) was developed using HeLa 229 cells expressing recombinant NiV nucleocapsid protein (NiV-N). The NiV IFAT was evaluated using three panels of sera: a) experimentally produced sera from NiV-N-immunized/pre-immunized macaques, b) post-infection human sera associated with a Nipah disease outbreak in the Philippines in 2014, and c) human sera from a non-exposed Malaysian population. Immunized macaque sera showed a characteristic granular staining pattern of the NiV-N expressed antigen in HeLa 229 cells, which was readily distinguished from negative-binding results of the pre-immunized macaque sera. The IgM antibody titers in sequential serum samples (n = 7) obtained from three Nipah patients correlated well with previously published results using conventional IgM capture ELISA and SNT serology. The 90 human serum samples from unexposed persons were unreactive by IFAT. The IFAT utilizing NiV-N-expressing HeLa 229 cells to detect IgM antibody in an early stage of NiV infection is an effective approach, which could be utilized readily in local laboratories to complement other capabilities in NiV-affected countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood*
  7. Antigenic types of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Malaysia
    Tay ST, Rohani MY, Ho TM, Devi S
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2002 Sep;33(3):557-64.
    PMID: 12693591
    The seroprevalence of various Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) strains among Malaysian patients with suspected scrub typhus infections was determined using an indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) assay. IgG against a single OT strain were detected in six sera (3 Karp, 1 Gilliam and 2 TC586), whereas IgM antibodies against a single OT strain (Gilliam) were noted in 3 sera (Gilliam). IgG reactive to all OT strains were present in 33 (47.1%) of the 70 sera and IgM reactive to all OT strains were present in 22 (78.6%) of the 28 sera. The fact that most sera were reactive to multiple OT strains suggests that group-specific antigens are involved in scrub typhus infections, whereas very few were due to strain-specific epitopes present on these strains. Peak IgG and IgM titers were noted more frequently against Gilliam, Karp, and TA763 strains: this suggests that these strains may be the commonest infecting strains among Malaysian patients. Two predominant OT polypeptides consistently reacted with patients' sera were the 70 kDa and 56 kDa proteins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  8. Fulltext Japanese encephalitis virus is an important cause of encephalitis among children in Penang
    Cardosa MJ, Hooi TP, Kaur P
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1995 Jun;26(2):272-5.
    PMID: 8629059
    This study was carried out to determine if Japanese encephalitis virus is an important causative agent of viral encephalitis among pediatric admissions in Penang, Malaysia. 195 children with CNS symptoms and 482 children with non-specific febrile illness admitted into the Pediatric Ward of Penang Hospital during a 16 month period were entered into the study. The presence in serum of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) specific IgM was determined by an IgM capture ELISA and cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific IgM was determined using a commercially available kit (Behringwerke AG). It was determined that 5 of 13 children with a discharge diagnosis of viral encephalitis had JEV specific IgM in csf, indicating that 38.5% of the viral encephalitis cases was due to JEV. One of the non-JEV cases was found to have mumps virus specific IgM in csf, while no etiology was determined for the other cases. It was also determined that 4 of the 195 (2.1%) cases with CNS symptoms had IgM to CMV, suggesting CMV may be an agent of encephalopathy in children in Penang. Other viruses found to be associated with CNS symptoms in children admitted into our study were measles and herpes simplex virus. A viral etiology was confirmed for 13 or the 195 cases (6.7%). We also screened 482 non-specific febrile cases for IgM to JEV and to dengue viruses and found that 2 (0.4%) had IgM specific for JEV and 9 (1.9%) had IgM specific for dengue virus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  9. Fulltext Impact of a measles elimination strategy on measles incidence in Malaysia
    Saraswathy TS, Zahrin HN, Norhashmimi H, Az-Ulhusna A, Zainah S, Rohani J
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2009 Jul;40(4):742-7.
    PMID: 19842408
    In Malaysia, the two dose measles - mumps - rubella (MMR) vaccine was introduced in the Expanded Program on Immunization in 2002. The Ministry of Health then initiated a measles elimination strategy which included enhanced case-based surveillance with laboratory testing of all suspected cases. The objective of our study was to analyse national measles laboratory data from 2004 to 2008 to study the impact of the nationwide strategy on measles case incidence. Blood samples collected from suspected measles cases during the acute stage of the illness were investigated for measles specific IgM. The estimated incidence of measles ranged from 22.3 cases (in 2004) to 2.27 cases (in 2006) per 100,000 population. During this time, the measles vaccination coverage was above 85%. Laboratory confirmed measles cases dropped from 42.2% in 2004, when sporadic outbreaks were reported, to 3.9% in 2007. Screening for measles IgG levels in 2008 showed that 82.8% of those > 7 years old had adequate immunity. The measles control strategy appears to have been successful in reducing the incidence of measles. Continuing high vaccination coverage rates and ongoing measles surveillance are necessary to achieve our goal of measles elimination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  10. Fulltext A serological study of Japanese encephalitis virus infections in northern Peninsular Malaysia
    Cardosa MJ, Choo BH, Zuraini I
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1991 Sep;22(3):341-6.
    PMID: 1667957
    This study describes the status of viral encephalitis in Perak, Malaysia during the year 1990. In addition, 14 cases selected from Penang and Perak during the years 1989 and 1990 are presented, with data showing titers of neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue 2 virus, titers of antibodies against JEV and dengue virus antigens as determined by DEIA, and a comparison of these with the presence of IgM to JEV and dengue virus. These data show that there probably is far more viral encephalitis due to JEV in Malaysia than the national figures reflect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  11. Fulltext Seropositivity and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and DNA among patients with schizophrenia
    Omar A, Bakar OC, Adam NF, Osman H, Osman A, Suleiman AH, et al.
    Korean J Parasitol, 2015 Feb;53(1):29-34.
    PMID: 25748706 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.29
    The aim of this cross sectional case control study was to examine the serofrequency and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) IgG, IgM, and DNA among patients with schizophrenia. A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia and 55 healthy controls from Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia and University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) were included in this study. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The presence of Tg infection was examined using both indirect (ELISA) and direct (quantitative real-time PCR) detection methods by measuring Tg IgG and IgM and DNA, respectively. The serofrequency of Tg IgG antibodies (51.5%, 52/101) and DNA (32.67%, 33/101) among patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than IgG (18.2%, 10/55) and DNA (3.64%, 2/55) of the controls (IgG, P=0.000, OD=4.8, CI=2.2-10.5; DNA, P=0.000, OD=12.9, CI=2.17-10.51). However, the Tg IgM antibody between patients with schizophrenia and controls was not significant (P>0.005). There was no significant difference (P>0.005) in both serointensity of Tg IgG and DNA between patients with schizophrenia and controls. These findings have further demonstrated the strong association between the active Tg infection and schizophrenia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  12. Are ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins targets for autoantibodies in demyelinating neuropathies?
    Miyaji K, Shahrizaila N, Umapathi T, Chan YC, Hirata K, Yuki N
    Hum Immunol, 2014 Nov;75(11):1089-91.
    PMID: 25286001 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.010
    Ezrin, radixin and moesin, which are strongly expressed in the Schwann cell microvilli, are putative targets for autoantibodies in acute or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP or CIDP). An association between anti-moesin IgG antibodies and cytomegalovirus-related AIDP has been postulated. None of 41 AIDP patients, including 8 cytomegalovirus-related AIDP patients, and 23 CIDP had IgG or IgM antibodies to ezrin, radixin and moesin; whereas, one patient with cytomegalovirus-related AIDP had anti-ezrin IgM antibodies. Ezrin, radixin and moesin are unlikely targets for autoantibodies in AIDP and CIDP, and the association of anti-moesin antibodies with cytomegalovirus-related AIDP was not confirmed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  13. Toxoplasma gondii excretory secretory antigenic proteins of diagnostic potential
    Saadatnia G, Mohamed Z, Ghaffarifar F, Osman E, Moghadam ZK, Noordin R
    APMIS, 2012 Jan;120(1):47-55.
    PMID: 22151308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02810.x
    Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is widespread and important in humans, especially pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. A panel of tests is usually required for diagnosis toxoplasmosis. Excretory secretory antigen (ESA) is highly immunogenic, and thus it is a good candidate for investigation into new infection markers. ESA was prepared from tachyzoites of RH strain of T. gondii by mice intraperitoneal infection. Sera were obtained from several categories of individuals who differed in their status of anti-Toxoplasma IgM, IgG and IgG avidity antibodies. The ESA was subjected to SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Antigenic bands of approximate molecular weights of 12, 20 and 30 kDa, when probed with anti-human IgM-HRP and IgA-HRP, showed good potential as infection markers. The highest sensitivity of the bands was 98.7% with combination of IgM and IgA blots with sera of patients with anti-Toxoplasma IgM+ IgG+. The specificities were 84% and 70% with sera from other infections and healthy controls in IgM blots and IgA blots respectively. By mass spectrometry, the 12 kDa protein was identified as thioredoxin. The two top proteins identified for 20 kDa molecule were microneme protein 10 and dense granule protein 7; whereas that for 30 kDa were phosphoglycerate mutase 1 and phosphoglycerate mutase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  14. Fulltext The diagnostic sensitivity of dengue rapid test assays is significantly enhanced by using a combined antigen and antibody testing approach
    Fry SR, Meyer M, Semple MG, Simmons CP, Sekaran SD, Huang JX, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2011 Jun;5(6):e1199.
    PMID: 21713023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001199
    BACKGROUND: Serological tests for IgM and IgG are routinely used in clinical laboratories for the rapid diagnosis of dengue and can differentiate between primary and secondary infections. Dengue virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has been identified as an early marker for acute dengue, and is typically present between days 1-9 post-onset of illness but following seroconversion it can be difficult to detect in serum.
    AIMS: To evaluate the performance of a newly developed Panbio® Dengue Early Rapid test for NS1 and determine if it can improve diagnostic sensitivity when used in combination with a commercial IgM/IgG rapid test.
    METHODOLOGY: The clinical performance of the Dengue Early Rapid was evaluated in a retrospective study in Vietnam with 198 acute laboratory-confirmed positive and 100 negative samples. The performance of the Dengue Early Rapid in combination with the IgM/IgG Rapid test was also evaluated in Malaysia with 263 laboratory-confirmed positive and 30 negative samples.
    KEY RESULTS: In Vietnam the sensitivity and specificity of the test was 69.2% (95% CI: 62.8% to 75.6%) and 96% (95% CI: 92.2% to 99.8) respectively. In Malaysia the performance was similar with 68.9% sensitivity (95% CI: 61.8% to 76.1%) and 96.7% specificity (95% CI: 82.8% to 99.9%) compared to RT-PCR. Importantly, when the Dengue Early Rapid test was used in combination with the IgM/IgG test the sensitivity increased to 93.0%. When the two tests were compared at each day post-onset of illness there was clear differentiation between the antigen and antibody markers.
    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that using dengue NS1 antigen detection in combination with anti-glycoprotein E IgM and IgG serology can significantly increase the sensitivity of acute dengue diagnosis and extends the possible window of detection to include very early acute samples and enhances the clinical utility of rapid immunochromatographic testing for dengue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  15. Demonstration of an outer membrane protein that is antigenically specific for Acinetobacter baumannii
    Islam AH, Singh KK, Ismail A
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2011 Jan;69(1):38-44.
    PMID: 21146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.09.008
    Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that is resistant to many types of antibiotics, and hence, a fast, sensitive, specific, and economical test for its rapid diagnosis is needed. Development of such a test requires a specific antigen, and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are the prime candidates. The goal of this study was to find a specific OMP of A. baumannii and demonstrate the presence of specific IgM, IgA, and IgG against the candidate protein in human serum. OMPs of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and 16 other clinical isolates of A. baumannii were extracted from an overnight culture grown at 37 °C. Protein profiles were obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the presence of IgM, IgA, and IgG against the OMP in host serum. An antigenic 34.4-kDa OMP was uniquely recognized by IgM, IgA, and IgG from patients with A. baumannii infection, and it did not cross-react with sera from patients with other types of infection. The band was also found in the other 16 A. baumannii isolates. This 34.4-kDa OMP is a prime candidate for development of a diagnostic test for the presence of A. baumannii.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  16. The use of two-dimension electrophoresis to identify serum biomarkers from patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever
    Thayan R, Huat TL, See LL, Tan CP, Khairullah NS, Yusof R, et al.
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2009 Apr;103(4):413-9.
    PMID: 19203772 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.12.018
    Dengue infection is a major public health problem affecting millions of people living in tropical countries. With no suitable vaccines and specific antiviral drugs, treatment for dengue is usually symptomatic and supportive. Early diagnosis and recognition of severe disease is therefore crucial for better management of the patient. Two-dimension electrophoresis was used to identify disease-associated proteins that can be used for diagnosis and as drug targets for treatment. Two markers, identified by mass spectrometry analysis as alpha1-antitrypsin and NS1 proteins were found to be upregulated in dengue fever (DF; n=10) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF; n=10) patients compared with healthy individuals (n=8). Both alpha1-antitrypsin and NS1 proteins were overexpressed two-fold in DHF patients compared with DF patients. Our study suggests that alpha1-antitrypsin and NS1 protein could be used as biomarkers as early indicators of DHF risk among patients with suspected dengue infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  17. Dengue encephalitis: a true entity?
    Lum LC, Lam SK, Choy YS, George R, Harun F
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1996 Mar;54(3):256-9.
    PMID: 8600761 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.256
    Involvement of the central nervous system in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever has always been thought to be secondary to vasculitis with resultant fluid extravasation, cerebral edema, hypoperfusion, hyponatremia, liver failure, and/or renal failure. Thus, the condition has been referred to as dengue encephalopathy. Encephalitis or direct involvement of the brain by the virus was thought to be unlikely. This paper reports on six children who were seen over a period of two years presenting on the second or third day of illness with dengue encephalitis. The diagnosis was based upon a clinical picture of encephalitis and confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microscopy and electroencephalography changes. All six cases were confirmed dengue infections. Dengue 3 virus was isolated from the CSF of four cases and in one case, dengue 2 was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in both the CSF and blood. In the sixth case, virologic evidence was negative but dengue immunoglobulin M was detected in the CSF and blood. Since the onset of encephalitis appears early in the course of illness coinciding with the viremic phase, we postulate that the virus crosses the blood-brain barrier and directly invades the brain causing encephalitis. This study provides strong evidence that dengue 2 and 3 viruses have neurovirulent properties and behave similarly to other members of the Flaviviridae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
  18. Fulltext Seroprevalence of Anti-Leptospira IgG and IgM Antibodies and Risk Assessment of Leptospirosis among Urban Poor Communities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sahimin N, Sharif SA, Mohd Hanapi IR, Nai Chuan S, Lewis JW, Douadi B, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2019 12;101(6):1265-1271.
    PMID: 31628737 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0003
    Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Disease incidence is known to be attributed to environmental and social conditions which promote the spread of reservoir hosts, primarily rodents. A well-being program was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with leptospirosis in urban poor communities occupying low-cost flat accommodation and squatter settlements in the vicinity of Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur. Blood samples from a total of 532 volunteers were screened for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against leptospirosis using ELISA. Demographic data were collected for each participant through a questionnaire survey before blood collection. The overall seroprevalence was low (12.6%, n = 67/532; 95% CI: 9.9-15.7%), with 8.1% (n = 43/532) being seropositive for anti-Leptospira IgG, indicating previous infection, and 4.9% (n = 26/532) for anti-Leptospira IgM, indicating current infection. Two significant factors such as host age (P ≤ 0.01) and knowledge of disease transmission (P = 0.017) significantly influenced the presence of anti-Leptospira IgM, whereas the detection of anti-IgG indicated the presence of clean drinking water sources (P = 0.043). Despite the low prevalence, the transmission of leptospirosis does occur among urban poor communities, suggesting the need for undertaking public awareness programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood*
  19. Detection of IgM antibodies against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in Malaysian blood donors and patients with respiratory illnesses: evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay
    Tay ST, Lakhbeer Singh HK, Ramasame SD, Vadivelu J
    Jpn J Infect Dis, 2009 Sep;62(5):409-10.
    PMID: 19762997
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood*
  20. Epstein-Barr Virus Seroprevalence and Force of Infection in a Multiethnic Pediatric Cohort, Singapore
    Setoh JWS, Ho CKM, Yung CF, Tam C, Yelen, Tee NWS
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2019 12;38(12):1173-1176.
    PMID: 31738332 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002484
    BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) spreads through bodily fluids, especially saliva, and can cause infectious mononucleosis. EBV immunity and infection status can be assessed by testing EBV viral capsid antigen and nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibodies in blood. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence and force of infection (FOI) of EBV antibodies among children and young people in 3 ethnic groups in Singapore.

    METHODS: Eight hundred ninety-six residual serum samples at a tertiary hospital were tested for viral capsid antigen (IgG and IgM) and EBNA IgG antibodies using Abbott Architect assays. We calculated the EBV seroprevalence using catalytic models to estimate the EBV force of infection from age-stratified seroprevalence data, both overall and by ethnic group.

    RESULTS: Overall seropositivity was 68.3% (n = 612). Seropositivity was higher in Malays (81.8%) compared with both Chinese (64.2%) and Indians (58.4%). EBV FOI was consistently higher in Malays, with an estimated annual rate of seroconversion of 25% in children 1 year, of age compared with 14% among Chinese and Indians at the same age.

    CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence patterns of EBV antibodies in the Chinese and Indian, but not Malay children in Singapore by 19 years of age resemble those previously reported in developed countries. Ideally, any future EBV vaccination strategy would need to target infants <1 year of age for maximum population benefit.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin M/blood
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