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  1. Fulltext Delay in diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal cancer: whose fault is it?
    Tata MD, Dharmendran R, Ramesh G, Kandasami P
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):275-7.
    PMID: 23749025 MyJurnal
    Stomach and esophageal cancers are both deadly and difficult to diagnose early. Stomach cancer is the second most common cancer in Asia. Both these are one of the most common causes of cancer related death in the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  2. Fulltext Pacifier Use and its Association with Breastfeeding and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Children Below 2 Years Old
    Mahmud SZ, Joanita S, Khairun Nisa J, Balkish MN, Tahir A
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):125-8.
    PMID: 23629557 MyJurnal
    Extensive literature reviews showed that pacifier usage is associated with early cessation of breast feeding, as well as respiratory infection. This cross sectional study was a part of the bigger study of The Third National Health Morbidity Survey conducted throughout Malaysia in 2006. Survival and pearson cox regression was done to find association between pacifier user and breast feeding duration. Logistic Regression was done to find association between variables of interest. The prevalence of pacifier use was 32.9%. Chinese children reported significantly higher usage of pacifier (95% CI; 47.5, 58.7) as well as those resided in urban area (95% CI;32.5,37.7). One third of pacifier user had stopped breastfeeding at 6 months of age. Those with pacifier users were significantly shorter in breast feeding duration and significantly associated with non exclusivity in breastfeeding. Those without pacifier user were significantly associated with ever breast fed.(p value=0.001). There was no significant association between pacifier use with acute respiratory infection. Factors such as ethnicity and residential are non modifiable whereas modifiable factor such as pacifier use is certainly needed to be addressed at maternal and child health care level.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  3. Fulltext Evaluation of Community and Family Case Studies (CFCS): A Community based training of medical students
    Yadav H
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):111-4.
    PMID: 23629554
    The International Medical University has a Community and Family Case Study (CFCS) programme as part of the training for medical students. The aim of the programme is to emphasize the family and community perspective of patient care in the home environment. A cross-sectional descriptive study was done among 66 final year medical students using a questionnaire. The students were in the 10th Semester and had completed their Community and Family Case Studies (CFCS) programme. Majority (54.5%) of the students who were interviewed were Malays, 34.8% Chinese and 9.1% Indians. Majority of the students (87.9%) liked the programme because it was a good opportunity to understand the patient in their home environment; it improved their commination skills and made them understand the patient better in the community setting. The perceived problem in this programme by the students were mainly choosing an index patient initially (32.8%), patient cooperation (19.0%) and transportation to the patients' house (13.8%). They said that this programme was useful because they learnt more about the disease (45%) and understood the patient management better (15%). The programme also provided the students a wider exposure to medicine (37.9%) and the opportunity to practice clinical skills. Overall the CFCS programme in IMU was well liked by the students as it gave them an opportunity to practice some of the clinical skills in the patients' home environment and it provided an opportunity to manage the patient better. The major problem the students faced was in selecting the index patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  4. Fulltext Prevalence of depression in stroke patients with vascular dementia in universiti kebangsaan malaysia medical center
    Khoo KF, Tan HJ, Rosdinom R, Raymond AA, Norlinah MI, Shamsul A, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):105-10.
    PMID: 23629553 MyJurnal
    Depression among patients with vascular dementia is frequently overlooked and potentially causes significant morbidity. There is limited data in Malaysia on the subject and this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression in vascular dementia (VaD) in UKMMC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  5. Fulltext Prevalence of Sexual Harassment and its Associated Factors among Registered Nurses Working in Government Hospitals in Melaka State, Malaysia
    Suhaila O, Rampal KG
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Oct;67(5):506-17.
    PMID: 23770869 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: This study focuses on sexual harassment, a form of psycological hazard that female registered nurses face throughout their day to day routine. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence of sexual harassment among female registered nurses working in government hospitals in Melaka, Malaysia and factors affecting them.

    METHODS: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 455 female registered nurses who have worked more than one year in the present 3 government hospitals in Melaka, Malaysia. A validated and pre tested questionnaires were given for the respondents to answer. Before respondents answer the questionaires, they are required to read the definition and the forms of sexual harassment provided. This is to help them to understand the correct definition and forms of sexual harassment that they could have experienced. The researcher is available during the distribution of the questionnaires and the respondents are free to ask the researcher anything that they do not understand about it.

    RESULTS: The results of this study show that the prevalence of sexual harassment among these nurses was 51.2% with the past one year incidence recorded at 22.8%. The most common forms of sexual harassment were verbal (46.6% ), visual (24.8% ), psycological (20.9%), physical (20.7%) and non -verbal (16.7% ). The study showed that 74.7% of the victims suffered from psychological effects brought upon by their encounter with various types of sexual harrasement at work. The study also found that the victims' self-perception of their physicality was a contributing factor to the prevalance of this situation. Those who were pretty, with attractive body figure, a friendly character and easy going had a higher prevalence of sexual harassment in the workplace. Meanwhile, those who were strict, and those who had a fierce character were not prone to sexual harassment.

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sexual harassment among registered nurses in the workplace found in this study was high and self-perception profile of the victims of sexual harassment was the main contributing factor to the problem. Sexual harassment in the workplace should not be taken lightly because the resulting effects was not only felt by the victims, but also by their family members, colleagues and patients under their care. Hence, steps should be taken by the hospital managements to manage and prevent this problem from occuring again in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  6. Fulltext Herbal Ingestion During Pregnancy and Post-Partum Period is A Cause For Concern
    Teoh CS, Aizul MHI, Wan Fatimah Suriyani WM, Ang SH, Nurul Huda MZ, Nor Azlini MI, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):157-60.
    PMID: 23629564 MyJurnal
    The potential harms of herbs to the pregnant mothers and their foetuses as well as the effect of herbs taken by nursing mothers on their babies remain largely unknown. Common perception is that herbal medicines ingestion during pregnancy and confinement period is a common practice among multi-racial Malaysian mothers. The purpose of this study was to explore the usage of herbal medicines during pregnancy and post-partum period among mothers who gave birth at a tertiary hospital in a metropolitan city of Malaysia. This cross sectional study was conducted between October and December 2010. The subjects were interviewed twice after giving birth: before hospital discharge and 6 to 8 weeks later. A total of 323 mothers were recruited for this study. The prevalence of herbs ingestion during pregnancy was 13.9%, with half of the users consuming it during the first trimester. A total of 163 (52.9%) mothers ingested herbs during the post-partum period. Significantly more Chinese (p=0.01) and Malay (p=0.04) mothers ingested herbs during pregnancy and post-partum period, respectively. Infants of mothers who ingested herbs had a higher rate of neonatal jaundice compared to infants of mothers who did not ingest herbs during the post-partum period (P=0.001).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  7. Fulltext Evaluation of patient satisfaction of an outpatient colonoscopy service in an asian tertiary care hospital
    Chan WK, Goh KL
    Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2012;2012:561893.
    PMID: 22606201 DOI: 10.1155/2012/561893
    Aim. To evaluate patient satisfaction towards an outpatient colonoscopy service and analyze areas of dissatisfaction for potential improvement. Method. Consecutive patients attending the outpatient diagnostic colonoscopy service in University of Malaya Medical Centre between 1st February and 31th July 2010 were interviewed using a questionnaire modified from the modified Group Health Association of America-9 (mGHAA-9) questionnaire. Favorable/unfavorable responses to each question, contribution of each question to unfavorable responses, and effect of waiting times on favorable/unfavorable response rates were analyzed. Results. Interview was carried out on 426 patients (52.1% men). Mean age ± standard deviation was 61.3 ± 12.9 years old. Mean waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day were 3.8 ± 2.7 months and 1.1 ± 0.8 hours, respectively. The main factors that contributed to unfavorable responses were bowel preparation followed by waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day (32.3%, 27.5%, and 19.6%, resp.). Favorable responses diminished to undesirable levels when waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day exceeded 1 month and 1 hour, respectively. Conclusion. Bowel preparation and waiting times were main factors for patient dissatisfaction. Waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day should not exceed 1 month and 1 hour, respectively, to maintain acceptable levels of patient satisfaction.
    Study site: outpatient endoscopy, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  8. Fulltext Geographical variation of cardiovascular risk factors in Malaysia
    Nuur Amalina AG, Jamaiyah H, Selvarajah S, NHMS Cohort Study Group
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):31-8.
    PMID: 22582546 MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to describe differences in cardiovascular risk factor prevalences and clustering patterns among the states and federal territories of Malaysia. Risk factors considered were abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and smoking. Using data from the third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NMHS III) in 2006, we estimated the states and federal territories risk factor prevalences and clustering patterns to map the cardiovascular burden distribution in Malaysia. There was a clear geographical variation in the distribution of the individual risk factors as well as in its clustering with remarkable impact seen in Peninsular Malaysia. Perlis, Kedah and Kelantan were the most affected states overall.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  9. Quality of life of multiethnic adolescents living with a parent with cancer
    Ainuddin HA, Loh SY, Low WY, Sapihis M, Roslani AC
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(12):6289-94.
    PMID: 23464447
    BACKGROUND: Research evidence suggests a debilitating impact of the diagnosis of cancer on the quality of life of the afflicted individuals, their spouses and their families. However, relatively few studies have been carried out on the impact on the QOL of adolescents living with parents diagnosed with cancer. This paper presents a sub- analysis on the impact of parental cancer (colorectal, breast and lung) on adolescents.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study on adolescents aged 13-18 years old. Upon ethical clearance obtained from UMMC Medical Ethics Committee, patients with colorectal, breast or lung cancer and their adolescent children were recruited from the Clinical Oncology Unit of University of Malaya Medical Centre. Respondents who gave consent completed a demographic questionnaire and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, via the post, email, home visit or meetings at the clinics.

    RESULTS: 95 adolescents from 50 families responded, giving a response rate of 88 percent. The adolescent's mean age was 16 years (ranging between 13-18 years). Adolescents with parental cancer had the lowest mean score in emotional functioning (p<0.05). Male adolescents had significantly higher quality of life overall and in physical functioning compared to female adolescents. Adolescents with a father with cancer had better school functioning compared to adolescents whose mothers had cancer. Families with household income of RM 5000 and above have significantly better quality of life compared to families with lower household income.

    CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent sons and daughters of parents with a cancer diagnosis show lowered QOL, particularly with reference to emotional functioning and school performance. Addressing the needs of this young group has been slow and warrants special attention. Revisiting the risk and resilience factors of adolescents might also inform tailored programs to address the needs of this neglected adolescent population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  10. Fulltext Depressive disorders and family functioning among the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia
    Osman CB, Alipah B, Tutiiryani MD, Ainsah O
    East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2010 Sep;20(3):101-8.
    PMID: 22348863
    Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive disorders among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, its association with patient’s and caregiver’s socio-demographic characteristics and family functioning.
    Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at the outpatient clinic, Hospital Permai Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The study was conducted between August and October 2008. A total of 243 caregivers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled, of whom 232 completed the self-administered socio-demographic questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. A total of 33 caregivers with the GHQ-30 cut-off point of 7/8 were assessed further by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose depressive disorder.
    Results: The prevalence of psychological distress in our study sample was 14% (n = 33) and that of depressive disorders was 6% (n = 14). There was no association between patients’ and caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics with depressive disorders, but there were significant associations between depressive disorders and family functioning dimensions in terms of Communication and Roles.
    Conclusion: Although the causal link was not established, the results suggested that depression had a significant association with family functioning among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
    Key words: Caregivers; Depressive disorder; Schizophrenia

    Study site: outpatient clinic, Hospital Permai Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  11. Fulltext A study on organizational factors that influence job stress among medical laboratory technologists in klang valley hospitals
    Aniza I, Malini R, Khalib L
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):103-7.
    PMID: 23756791 MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study on organizational factors that influences job stress was carried out among Medical Laboratory Technologists (MLT) in Klang Valley's Hospitals. There were three organizational factors that were measured, interpersonal factor, job condition and career development. A total of 249 respondents participated in this study, 126 were from the private hospitals and 123 from the government hospitals. The prevalence of stress was found higher in the private hospitals with the percentage of 16.7% compared to the government hospitals of 15.4%. All three organizational factors were significantly associated with job stress (interpersonal factor p <0.001, job condition p<0.001 and career development p < 0.001). Management team in hospitals as well as the laboratory managers should introduce stress prevention programmes to assist MLTs in stress management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  12. A cross-sectional study on nurses' oral care practice for mechanically ventilated patients in Malaysia
    Soh KL, Soh KG, Japar S, Raman RA, Davidson PM
    J Clin Nurs, 2011 Mar;20(5-6):733-42.
    PMID: 21320202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03579.x
    This study sought to determine the strategies, methods and frequency of oral care provided for mechanically ventilated patients in Malaysian intensive care units. The study also described nurses' attitudes to providing oral care and their knowledge of the mode of transmission of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  13. Fulltext What influences malaysian nurses to participate in continuing professional education activities?
    Chong MC, Sellick K, Francis K, Abdullah KL
    Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci), 2011 Mar;5(1):38-47.
    PMID: 25029948 DOI: 10.1016/S1976-1317(11)60012-1
    PURPOSE: A cross sectional descriptive study, which involved government hospitals and health clinics from Peninsular Malaysia sought to identify the continuing professional education (CPE) needs and their readiness for E-learning. This paper focuses on the first phase of that study that aimed to determine the factors that influence nurses' participation in CPE.
    METHODS: Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit 1,000 nurses randomly from 12 hospitals and 24 health clinics from four states in Peninsular Malaysia who agreed to be involved. The respondent rate was 792 (79.2%), of which 562 (80%) had participated in CPE in the last 12 months.
    RESULTS: Findings suggested that updating knowledge and providing quality care are the most important factors that motivate participation in CPE, with respective means of 4.34 and 4.39. All the mean scores for educational opportunity were less than 3.0. Chi-square tests were used to test the association of demographic data and CPE participation. All demographical data were significantly associated with CPE participation, except marital status.
    CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of mandatory CPE is considered an important measure to increase nurse's participation in CPE. However, effective planning that takes into consideration the learning needs of nurses is recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  14. Effect of pubertal developmental stages and lower limb kinetics during vertical jump task in Sepak Takraw sport
    Leonard Joseph H, Roslizawati N, Safrusahar MY, Efri NM, Das S, Baharudin O, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2009;160(5):403-7.
    PMID: 19997687
    Sepak Takraw is a sport which actively involves the lower limb. A cross sectional study was performed to investigate the lower limb kinetics (ground reaction force, flight time and contact time) involved during the vertical jumping and landing task between the early pubertal and late pubertal stages in National level Sepak Takraw athletes in Malaysia. Twenty athletes (8 pre pubertal and 12 late pubertal) with no previous history of any physical injuries were taken for the study. The kinetics data of the vertical jump task was calculated using a force platform 3-AMTI Biomechanics Force Platform. The Silicon ProCoach (Chart 5 software) was used to collect the ground reaction force signals, flight time and contact time. The results showed a non-significant decrease in peak ground reaction force in the post pubertal group as compared to the pre pubertal group (t(18)=0.659, p=0.518,CI(95)(-2.54, 4.86). Comparison of flight time between the two age groups showed a significant increase in the post pubertal group with mean and SD (0.7773 + or - 0.03) as compared to the pre pubertal group mean and SD (0.7296 + or - 0.05), which was statistically considered significant (p<0.05) (t(18)=-2.401, p<0.05,CI(95)(-0.089, -0.005). The findings from this study demonstrated that the flight time of the vertical jump task differed between the pre and post pubertal athletes with the post pubertal group having an improved ability in maintaining longer duration of flight phase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  15. A study on nurses' perception on the medication error at one of the hospitals in East Malaysia
    Hassan H, Das S, Se H, Damika K, Letchimi S, Mat S, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2009;160(6):477-9.
    PMID: 20198291
    Medication error is defined as any preventable event that might cause or lead to an inappropriate use or harming of the patient. Such events could be due to compounding, dispensing, distribution, administration and monitoring. The aim of the present study was to determine the nurses' perception on medication error that were related directly or indirectly to the process of administration of drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted on 92 staff nurses working in the selected wards in one of the hospitals in East Malaysia. Data was obtained through structured questionnaires. RESULTS. Analysis of data was done through SPSS program for descriptive inferential statistics. Out of a total of 92 subjects, sixty-eight (73.9%) indicated medication error occurred because the nurses were tired and exhausted. Seventy nine subjects (85.9%) believed that any medication error should be reported to the doctors; another 74 (80.2%) knew that their colleagues committed medication error and 52 (56.5%) did not report the case. Forty eight (52.17%) subjects committed medication error at least once throughout their life. Of the 48 committed medication, 45 (93.75%) nurses believed that the error committed was not serious; while 39 (81.25%) believed the error occurred during the 1st 5 years of their working experience.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  16. Fulltext Prescribing of antihypertensive agents in public primary care clinics - is it in accordance with current evidence?
    Ramli AS, Miskan M, Ng K, Ambigga D, Nafiza M, Mazapuspavina M, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(1):36-40.
    PMID: 25606184
    Large population surveys in Malaysia have consistently shown minimal improvement of blood pressure control rates over the last 10 years. Poor adherence to antihypertensive medication has been recognized as a major reason for poor control of hypertension. This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive agents in 2 public primary care clinics and assess its appropriateness in relation to current evidence and guidelines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  17. Fulltext Self reported hearing loss among elderly malaysians
    Rosdina AK, Leelavathi M, Zaitun A, Lee VKM, Noor Azimah M, Majmin SH, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(2):91-4.
    PMID: 25606194 MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending a primary care facility to determine the prevalence of self reported hearing loss using a single question, "Do you have hearing loss?" Pure tone audiometry was performed to compare the accuracy of the self report. A total of 111 patients were recruited. The prevalence of self reported hearing loss using a single question and pure tone audiometry was 24.3% and 36.9% respectively. By using pure tone audiometry at a cut-off-level of 25 dBHL (decibels Hearing level), the single question yielded a sensitivity of 41.4% and specificity of 85.0%.The single question performed better at 40 dBHL pure tone audiometry with sensitivity of 55.0% and specificity of 82.0%. In conclusion, the prevalence of hearing loss in elderly was high and the single question self reported hearing loss performed satisfactorily with moderate hearing loss.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  18. Correlation between urinary nicotine, cotinine and self-reported smoking status among educated young adults
    Man CN, Fathelrahman AI, Harn GL, Lajis R, Samin AS, Omar M, et al.
    Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2009 Jul;28(1):92-6.
    PMID: 21783987 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.03.003
    The objective of this study was to correlate, differentiate and validate the self-reported smoking status of educated young adults with urinary biomarkers (i.e. nicotine and cotinine). Freshmen students were recruited on voluntary basis. They filled-up self-administered questionnaire and their urine samples were collected for analysis. The urinary nicotine (UN) and cotinine (UC) were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers were found to be both significantly correlated and different in their UN and UC levels. UC level of 25ng/ml was the optimal cut-off to differentiate smokers from non-smokers. Using this cut-off value, the prevalence of smoking among the students was found to be higher (15.4%) than the self-reported data (14.3%). UC is useful in validating individual recent smoking history and the cut-off could serve as a marker for assessing the clinical impact of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on human health.
    Study site: university health centre, Universiti SainsMalaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  19. Fulltext Use of drug information resources by the community pharmacist in Penang, Malaysia
    Hassali MA, Khan TM, Shafie AA
    Inform Prim Care, 2010;18(3):213-6.
    PMID: 21396245
    This study aimed to identify the types of drug information resources used by community pharmacists in daily practice in Penang, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  20. Fulltext High-risk behaviours and concomitant medical illnesses among patients at methadone maintenance therapy clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Malaysia
    Ramli M, Nora M, Zafri A, Junid M, Umeed A, Hajee M
    Malays Fam Physician, 2009;4(2-3):77-82.
    PMID: 25606168 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: High prevalence of high-risk behaviours and concurrent medical illnesses among opioid drug users would influence the outcome of Methadone Maintenance Programme. It would also require a special medical attention to contain these issues.
    OBJECTIVES: This study explored patients' characteristics and their high-risk behaviours in order to understand more about opioid dependent users in Malaysia.
    METHODS: A total of 172 patient case notes at Methadone Clinic Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) were retrieved for relevant data.
    RESULTS: Many of the patients were engaged in high-risk behaviours such as needle sharing, unsafe sex and criminal activities. A large number of the subjects had contracted blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis infections.
    CONCLUSIONS: Education on the issue of medical and psychosocial complications related to high risk behaviours is essential. Medical professionals dealing with this group have to pay attention and update their knowledge on the medical issue.
    KEYWORDS: Methadone therapy; high-risk behaviours; opioid dependence
    Study site: Methadone clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
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