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  1. Fulltext Engaging actively with issues in the responsible conduct of science: lessons from international efforts are relevant for undergraduate education in the United States
    Clements JD, Connell ND, Dirks C, El-Faham M, Hay A, Heitman E, et al.
    CBE Life Sci Educ, 2013;12(4):596-603.
    PMID: 24297287 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.13-09-0184
    Numerous studies are demonstrating that engaging undergraduate students in original research can improve their achievement in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and increase the likelihood that some of them will decide to pursue careers in these disciplines. Associated with this increased prominence of research in the undergraduate curriculum are greater expectations from funders, colleges, and universities that faculty mentors will help those students, along with their graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, develop an understanding and sense of personal and collective obligation for responsible conduct of science (RCS). This Feature describes an ongoing National Research Council (NRC) project and a recent report about educating faculty members in culturally diverse settings (Middle East/North Africa and Asia) to employ active-learning strategies to engage their students and colleagues deeply in issues related to RCS. The NRC report describes the first phase of this project, which took place in Aqaba and Amman, Jordan, in September 2012 and April 2013, respectively. Here we highlight the findings from that report and our subsequent experience with a similar interactive institute in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Our work provides insights and perspectives for faculty members in the United States as they engage undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral fellows, to help them better understand the intricacies of and connections among various components of RCS. Further, our experiences can provide insights for those who may wish to establish "train-the-trainer" programs at their home institutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  2. Fulltext Improvement in sensitivity of an inductive oil palm fruit sensor
    Misron N, Harun NH, Lee YK, Sidek RM, Aris I, Wakiwaka H, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(2):2431-48.
    PMID: 24496313 DOI: 10.3390/s140202431
    Among palm oil millers, the ripeness of oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) is determined through visual inspection. To increase the productivity of the millers, many researchers have proposed with a new detection method to replace the conventional one. The sensitivity of such a sensor plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of the method. In our preliminary study a novel oil palm fruit sensor to detect the maturity of oil palm fruit bunches is proposed. The design of the proposed air coil sensor based on an inductive sensor is further investigated to improve its sensitivity. This paper investigates the results pertaining to the effects of the air coil structure of an oil palm fruit sensor, taking consideration of the used copper wire diameter ranging from 0.10 mm to 0.18 mm with 60 turns. The flat-type shape of air coil was used on twenty samples of fruitlets from two categories, namely ripe and unripe. Samples are tested with frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 120 MHz. The sensitivity of the sensor between air to fruitlet samples increases as the coil diameter increases. As for the sensitivity differences between ripe and unripe samples, the 5 mm air coil length with the 0.12 mm coil diameter provides the highest percentage difference between samples and it is amongst the highest deviation value between samples. The result from this study is important to improve the sensitivity of the inductive oil palm fruit sensor mainly with regards to the design of the air coil structure. The efficiency of the sensor to determine the maturity of the oil palm FFB and the ripening process of the fruitlet could further be enhanced.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  3. Fulltext The effect of different sealer placement techniques on sealing Ability: An in vitro study
    Said HM, Bakar WZ, Farea M, Husein A
    J Conserv Dent, 2012 Jul;15(3):257-60.
    PMID: 22876014 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.97952
    The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing ability of an endodontic sealer following different techniques of its placement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Design
  4. Fulltext Comments on 'Lattice Boltzmann simulation of alumina-water nanofluid in a square cavity' by Yurong He, Cong Qi, Yanwei Hu, Bin Qin, Fengchen Li and Yulong Ding
    Sidik NA, Safdari A
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2012;7(1):648.
    PMID: 23176814 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-648
    This work presents some comments concerning the paper entitled 'Lattice Boltzmann simulation of alumina-water nanofluid in a square cavity' by Yurong He, Cong Qi, Yanwei Hu, Bin Qin, Fengchen Li and Yulong Ding which was published in Nanoscale Research Letters in 2011. The comments are related to the numerical parameters and the computed results of average Nusselt number.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  5. Regularized logistic regression with adjusted adaptive elastic net for gene selection in high dimensional cancer classification
    Algamal ZY, Lee MH
    Comput Biol Med, 2015 Dec 1;67:136-45.
    PMID: 26520484 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.10.008
    Cancer classification and gene selection in high-dimensional data have been popular research topics in genetics and molecular biology. Recently, adaptive regularized logistic regression using the elastic net regularization, which is called the adaptive elastic net, has been successfully applied in high-dimensional cancer classification to tackle both estimating the gene coefficients and performing gene selection simultaneously. The adaptive elastic net originally used elastic net estimates as the initial weight, however, using this weight may not be preferable for certain reasons: First, the elastic net estimator is biased in selecting genes. Second, it does not perform well when the pairwise correlations between variables are not high. Adjusted adaptive regularized logistic regression (AAElastic) is proposed to address these issues and encourage grouping effects simultaneously. The real data results indicate that AAElastic is significantly consistent in selecting genes compared to the other three competitor regularization methods. Additionally, the classification performance of AAElastic is comparable to the adaptive elastic net and better than other regularization methods. Thus, we can conclude that AAElastic is a reliable adaptive regularized logistic regression method in the field of high-dimensional cancer classification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  6. Fulltext A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia
    Mohd Azri MS, Adibah HI, Haliza G
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Aug;70(4):214-9.
    PMID: 26358016 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: To summarise the published research on teenage pregnancy in Malaysia, discuss the impact of the findings on clinical practice, and identify gaps in teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia.
    METHODS: There were 31 articles related to teen pregnancy found after searching a database dedicated to indexing all original clinical research data published in Malaysia from year 2000 to 2014. Twenty-seven articles (including reports from the National Obstetrics Registry) were selected and reviewed on the basis of clinical relevance and future research implications. This literature review has been divided into eight sections: epidemiology, age at first marriage, adolescent fertility rate, unmarried childbearing, risk factors, maternal risks and neonatal outcome, future plan after delivery, and contraceptive use.
    RESULTS: More than 19,000 births to teenage mothers were recorded each year between 2009 and 2011. Adolescent fertility rates were recorded at 6 births per 1000 women ages 15-19 years in 2013. Many of these births were from unwed pregnancies, which accounted for 1.99% of total deliveries. A majority of young mothers were willing to take care of their baby, although some of them planned to put their baby up for adoption. Risk factors for teenage pregnancy were found to be similar to those published in studies worldwide.
    CONCLUSION: More research is needed to better understand the issue of teen pregnancy. For the best results, collaborative studies among nationwide hospitals and institutions should be the way forward.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  7. Artificial olfactory system with fault-tolerant sensor array
    Lotfivand N, Abdolzadeh V, Hamidon MN
    ISA Trans, 2016 Jul;63:425-435.
    PMID: 27038885 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2016.03.012
    Numerous applications of artificial olfaction resulting from research in many branches of sciences have caused considerable interest in the enhancement of these systems. In this paper, we offer an architecture which is suitable for critical applications, such as medical diagnosis, where reliability and precision are deemed important. The proposed architecture is able to tolerate failures in the sensors of the array. In this study, the discriminating ability of the proposed architecture in detecting complex odors, as well as the performance of the proposed architecture in encountering sensor failure, were investigated and compared with the generic architecture. The results demonstrated that by applying the proposed architecture in the artificial olfactory system, the performance of system in the healthy mode was identical to the classic structure. However, in the faulty situation, the proposed architecture implied high identification ability of odor samples, while the generic architecture showed very poor performance in the same situation. Based on the results, it was possible to achieve high odor identification through the developed artificial olfactory system using the proposed architecture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  8. Small Molecules for Active Targeting in Cancer
    Kue CS, Kamkaew A, Burgess K, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Lee HB
    Med Res Rev, 2016 Apr;36(3):494-575.
    PMID: 26992114 DOI: 10.1002/med.21387
    For the purpose of this review, active targeting in cancer research encompasses strategies wherein a ligand for a cell surface receptor expressed on tumor cells is used to deliver a cytotoxic or imaging cargo. This area of research is more than two decades old, but in those 20 and more years, how many receptors have been studied extensively? What kinds of the ligands are used for active targeting? Are they mostly naturally occurring molecules such as folic acid, or synthetic substances developed in campaigns for medicinal chemistry efforts? This review outlines the most important receptor or ligand combinations that have been used in active targeting to answer these questions, and therefore to address the most important one of all: is research in active targeting affording diminishing returns, or is this an area for which the potential far exceeds progress made so far?
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  9. Pesticides Exposure and Cardiovascular Hemodynamic Parameters Among Male Workers Involved in Mosquito Control in East Coast of Malaysia
    Samsuddin N, Rampal KG, Ismail NH, Abdullah NZ, Nasreen HE
    Am J Hypertens, 2016 Feb;29(2):226-33.
    PMID: 26112865 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv093
    Research findings have linked exposure to pesticides to an increased risk of cardiovascular (CVS) diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of chronic mix-pesticides exposure on CVS hemodynamic parameters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  10. Fulltext Bibliometric profile of the global scientific research on methanol poisoning (1902-2012)
    Zyoud SH, Al-Jabi SW, Sweileh WM, Awang R, Waring WS
    J Occup Med Toxicol, 2015;10:17.
    PMID: 25949270 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-015-0062-9
    BACKGROUND: Methanol poisoning is on the rise and has been associated with high morbidity and mortality; it has resulted in growing research in the field of toxicology. The aim of this study was to reveal underlying patterns in scientific outputs related to methanol poisoning at the global level by evaluating different bibliometric indices.

    METHODS: We searched for publications that contained specific words regarding methanol poisoning in Scopus database.

    RESULTS: A total of 912 articles, with 8,317 citations and with an average of 9.1 citations per document, were retrieved on methanol poisoning, and the bulk of the articles were published from the USA (20.9%), followed by Spain (4.4%), Canada (4.3%), India (3.1%), and France (3.0%). The articles were published belonging to 57 countries. No data related to methanol poisoning were published from 155 (73.1%) out of 212 countries. Twenty-one documents (2.3%) were published in Clinical Toxicology, whereas 18 (2.0%) were published in The Lancet.

    CONCLUSIONS: Scientific production related to methanol poisoning is increasing. articles have been published in a wide range of journals with a variety of subject areas, most notably clinical toxicology; and the country with the greatest production was the USA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  11. Fulltext Tuberculosis control in prisons: current situation and research gaps
    Dara M, Acosta CD, Melchers NV, Al-Darraji HA, Chorgoliani D, Reyes H, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2015 Mar;32:111-7.
    PMID: 25809766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.029
    Tuberculosis (TB) in penitentiary services (prisons) is a major challenge to TB control. This review article describes the challenges that prison systems encounter in TB control and provides solutions for the more efficient use of limited resources based on the three pillars of the post-2015 End TB Strategy. This paper also proposes research priorities for TB control in prisons based on current challenges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  12. Fulltext Challenges ahead in clinical medicine
    Hoffenberg R
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Mar;43(1):4-8.
    PMID: 3244318
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  13. Fulltext Workshops of the Sixth International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting: brain-computer interfaces past, present, and future
    Huggins JE, Guger C, Ziat M, Zander TO, Taylor D, Tangermann M, et al.
    Brain Comput Interfaces (Abingdon), 2017;4(1-2):3-36.
    PMID: 29152523 DOI: 10.1080/2326263X.2016.1275488
    The Sixth International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting was held 30 May-3 June 2016 at the Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, USA. The conference included 28 workshops covering topics in BCI and brain-machine interface research. Topics included BCI for specific populations or applications, advancing BCI research through use of specific signals or technological advances, and translational and commercial issues to bring both implanted and non-invasive BCIs to market. BCI research is growing and expanding in the breadth of its applications, the depth of knowledge it can produce, and the practical benefit it can provide both for those with physical impairments and the general public. Here we provide summaries of each workshop, illustrating the breadth and depth of BCI research and highlighting important issues and calls for action to support future research and development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  14. Fulltext Role of Nanotechnology in Dentistry: Systematic Review
    Moothedath M, Moothedath M, Jairaj A, Harshitha B, Baba SM, Khateeb SU
    J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2019 11 04;9(6):535-541.
    PMID: 32039072 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_223_19
    Aim: This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of role of nanotechnology in dentistry and to evaluate its applicability in prevention and treatment of oral diseases.

    Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in 2 electronic databases - PMC and Cochrane. The search was restricted to the articles published during the last 5 years. First-level screening was done to select articles for the review on the basis of title and abstract. Then, full texts of selected articles were studied, and relevant articles were selected to be included in this review. Articles selected were critically appraised to evaluate their quality.

    Results: Literature search revealed 837 articles in PMC, 15 in Clinical trial register of US National library, and 43 in Cochrane. Additional 6 articles were identified by hand search. Eleven clinical trials were included in this review.

    Conclusion: Advancement in nanotechnology has greatly influenced dental disease prevention and therapy significantly.

    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  15. Use of ultrasonic velocity travel time to estimate uniaxial compressive strength of granite and schist in Malaysia
    Abdul Ghani Rafek, Azimah Hussin, Lee KE, Ailie Sofyiana Serasa, Goh TL
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:185-193.
    The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the most common mechanical parameters required in geotechnical engineering to characterize the compressive strength of rock material. Measurements of UCS are expensive, time consuming, destructive and thus, not favorable in the presence of limited samples. Therefore, a simple yet practical application is needed for the estimation of UCS. This research presents two correlations to predict UCS values for granite and schist by using ultrasonic velocity travel time (tp) from ultrasonic tests. The validity of the practical approach presented in this research is confirmed based on the strong correlations developed from the experimental tests conducted. For the entire data set, the correlation between UCS and ultrasonic velocity travel time was expressed as UCS = 217.2 e-0.016(tp) for granite and UCS = 1110.6 e-0.037(tp) for schist and the coefficient of determination (R2) value for both granite and schist is 0.93. These correlations may be useful for applications related to geotechnical engineering designs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  16. Energy, exergy and efficiency analysis of a flat plate solar collector used as air heater
    Maazullah Khan, Abdurab, Muhammad Hanif, Mansoor Khan Khattak, Muhammad Ramzan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1061-1067.
    Air heating by solar collectors is renewable technology providing hot air for different purposes. The present research
    emphasizes on analysis of energy, exergy and efficiency of a flat plate solar air heater. The analysis model was tested
    on five different air mass flow rates of 0.5 (Natural), 1.31, 2.11, 2.72 and 3.03 kgs-1 under three different tilt angles of
    25, 35 (Recommended) and 50o
    . The data was replicated three times making a total of 45 treatments. A two factorial
    completely randomized design was used to find if there is any significant difference among the treatments. The results
    showed that the solar collector gave better performance at air mass flow of 3.03 kgs-1 under tilt of 35o
    . At maximum
    air mass flow rate of 3.03 kgs-1and optimum tilt angle of 35o
    the maximum energetic efficiency of 51%, while minimum
    exergetic efficiency of 24% and maximum overall efficiency of 71% were recorded. It was concluded that to get maximum
    thermal efficiencies of 71% from flat plate solar collector used as an air heater must be operated at high air mass flow
    rates of 3.03 kgs-1under 35o
    tilt angle at Peshawar, Pakistan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  17. Optimization of kretschmann based on surface plasmon resonance sensor using taguchi method
    Gan SM, Najmiah Radiah Mohamad, Nur Akmar Jamil, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis, Susthitha Menon P
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2565-2571.
    In this paper, Taguchi experimental design technique was applied for optimization of chromium (Cr)/silver (Ag)/indium
    tin oxide (ITO) SPR sensor for operation in near infrared region. Four factors were considered which include wavelength,
    thickness of Cr, thickness of Ag, and thickness of ITO. Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method was used in numerical
    analysis for minimum reflectance (Rmin) and full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) performance parameters. The results
    obtained from the Taguchi method shows that the optimized parameter for Rmin was 785 nm of wavelength, Cr (1 nm),
    Ag (40 nm) and ITO (20 nm), whereas the optimized parameter for FWHM was 785 of wavelength, Cr (0 nm), Ag (40 nm)
    and ITO (0 nm). In short, the optimum parameters for achieving the desired performance of sensor were successfully
    predicted using Taguchi optimization method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Design
  18. Twelve tips for enhancing student engagement
    Peters H, Zdravkovic M, João Costa M, Celenza A, Ghias K, Klamen D, et al.
    Med Teach, 2019 06;41(6):632-637.
    PMID: 29683024 DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1459530
    Student engagement refers to a broad range of activities where students participate in management, education, research, and community activities within their institutions. It is a mutually beneficial collaborative approach between students and their institutions. This article provides practical advice for the implementation or further development of student engagement at medical, dental, and veterinary schools. The tips provided are based on the experiences of a group of universities recently recognized for best practice in student engagement, and are supported by evidence from the literature. The tips cover overarching themes which include the creation of an institutional culture and formal framework for student engagement, and maximize communication routes between students with peers and faculty. Tips are for specific areas of active student engagement, covering curriculum design and development, peer teaching, governance processes, research activities, peer support programs, and interaction with the local community.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  19. Fulltext Bending strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete ribbed slab panel
    Amir Syafiq Samsudin, Mohd Hisbany Mohd Hashim, Siti Hawa Hamzah, Afidah Abu Bakar
    Scientific Research Journal, 2018;15(1):15-29.
    MyJurnal
    Nowadays, demands in the application of fibre in concrete increase gradually as an engineering material. Rapid cost increment of material causes the increase in demand of new technology that provides safe, efficient and economical design for the present and future application. The introduction ofribbed slab reduces concrete materials and thusthe cost, but the strength of the structure also reduces due to the reducing of material. Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) has the ability to maintain a part of its tensile strength prior to crack in order to resist more loading compared to conventional concrete. Meanwhile, the ribbed slab can help in material reduction. This research investigated on the bending strength of 2-ribbed and 3-ribbed concrete slab with steel fibre reinforcement under static loading with a span of 1500 mm and 1000 mm x 75 mm in cross section. An amount of 40 kg/m steel fibre of all total concrete volume was used as reinforcement instead of conventional bars with concrete grade 30 N/mm2 . The slab wastested underthree-point bending. Load versus deflection curve was plotted to illustrate the result and to compare the deflection between control and ribbed slab. Thisresearch showsthat SFRCRibbed Slab capable to withstand the same amount of load as normal slab structure, although the concrete volume reduces up to 20%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  20. Fulltext Vision-Based Apple Classification for Smart Manufacturing
    Ismail A, Idris MYI, Ayub MN, Por LY
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Dec 10;18(12).
    PMID: 30544660 DOI: 10.3390/s18124353
    Smart manufacturing enables an efficient manufacturing process by optimizing production and product transaction. The optimization is performed through data analytics that requires reliable and informative data as input. Therefore, in this paper, an accurate data capture approach based on a vision sensor is proposed. Three image recognition methods are studied to determine the best vision-based classification technique, namely Bag of Words (BOW), Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The vision-based classifiers categorize the apple as defective and non-defective that can be used for automatic inspection, sorting and further analytics. A total of 550 apple images are collected to test the classifiers. The images consist of 275 non-defective and 275 defective apples. The defective category includes various types of defect and severity. The vision-based classifiers are trained and evaluated according to the K-fold cross-validation. The performances of the classifiers from 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold and 10-fold are compared. From the evaluation, SPM with SVM classifier attained 98.15% classification accuracy for 10-fold and outperformed the others. In terms of computational time, CNN with SVM classifier is the fastest. However, minimal time difference is observed between the computational time of CNN and SPM, which were separated by only 0.05 s.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Design
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