Displaying publications 381 - 400 of 1357 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Characterization of rice bran wax policosanol and its nanoemulsion formulation
    Ishaka A, Umar Imam M, Mahamud R, Zuki AB, Maznah I
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:2261-9.
    PMID: 24872689 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S56999
    Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain alcohols found in animal and plant waxes, has several biological effects; however, it has a bioavailability of less than 10%. Therefore, there is a need to improve its bioavailability, and one of the ways of doing this is by nanoemulsion formulation. Different droplet size distributions are usually achieved when emulsions are formed, which solely depends on the preparation method used. Mostly, emulsions are intended for better delivery with maintenance of the characteristics and properties of the leading components. In this study, policosanol was extracted from rice bran wax, its composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry, nanoemulsion was made, and the physical stability characteristics were determined. The results showed that policosanol nanoemulsion has a nanosize particle distribution below 100 nm (92.56-94.52 nm), with optimum charge distribution (-55.8 to -45.12 mV), pH (6.79-6.92) and refractive index (1.50); these were monitored and found to be stable for 8 weeks. The stability of policosanol nanoemulsion confers the potential to withstand long storage times.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/ultrastructure*; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  2. Fulltext Synthesis, surface modification and characterisation of biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
    Mahdavi M, Ahmad MB, Haron MJ, Namvar F, Nadi B, Rahman MZ, et al.
    Molecules, 2013 Jun 27;18(7):7533-48.
    PMID: 23807578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077533
    Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) with appropriate surface chemistry exhibit many interesting properties that can be exploited in a variety of biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, tissue repair, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation. These applications required that the MNPs such as iron oxide Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ MNPs) having high magnetization values and particle size smaller than 100 nm. This paper reports the experimental detail for preparation of monodisperse oleic acid (OA)-coated Fe₃O₄ MNPs by chemical co-precipitation method to determine the optimum pH, initial temperature and stirring speed in order to obtain the MNPs with small particle size and size distribution that is needed for biomedical applications. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the particle size as well as the magnetization of the MNPs was very much dependent on pH, initial temperature of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ solutions and steering speed. The monodisperse Fe₃O₄ MNPs coated with oleic acid with size of 7.8 ± 1.9 nm were successfully prepared at optimum pH 11, initial temperature of 45°C and at stirring rate of 800 rpm. FTIR and XRD data reveal that the oleic acid molecules were adsorbed on the magnetic nanoparticles by chemisorption. Analyses of TEM show the oleic acid provided the Fe₃O₄ particles with better dispersibility. The synthesized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic behavior and the saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles increased with the particle size.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetite Nanoparticles/administration & dosage; Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  3. Nanocrystalline forsterite for biomedical applications: synthesis, microstructure and mechanical properties
    Ramesh S, Yaghoubi A, Lee KY, Chin KM, Purbolaksono J, Hamdi M, et al.
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2013 Sep;25:63-9.
    PMID: 23726923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.008
    Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) because of its exceptionally high fracture toughness which is close to that of cortical bones has been nominated as a possible successor to calcium phosphate bioceramics. Recent in vitro studies also suggest that forsterite possesses good bioactivity and promotes osteoblast proliferation as well as adhesion. However studies on preparation and sinterability of nanocrystalline forsterite remain scarce. In this work, we use a solid-state reaction with magnesium oxide (MgO) and talc (Mg3Si4(OH)2) as the starting precursors to synthesize forsterite. A systematic investigation was carried out to elucidate the effect of preparatory procedures including heat treatment, mixing methods and sintering temperature on development of microstructures as well as the mechanical properties of the sintered forsterite body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/ultrastructure*; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  4. Fulltext Synthesis, antibacterial and thermal studies of cellulose nanocrystal stabilized ZnO-Ag heterostructure nanoparticles
    Azizi S, Ahmad MB, Hussein MZ, Ibrahim NA
    Molecules, 2013 May 28;18(6):6269-80.
    PMID: 23760028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066269
    Synthesis of ZnO-Ag heterostructure nanoparticles was carried out by a precipitation method with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a stabilizer for antimicrobial and thermal studies. ZnO-Ag nanoparticles were obtained from various weight percentages of added AgNO₃ relative to Zn precursors for evaluating the best composition with enhanced functional properties. The ZnO-Ag/CNCs samples were characterized systematically by TEM, XRD, UV, TGA and DTG. From the TEM studies we observed that ZnO-Ag heterostructure nanoparticles have spherical shapes with size diameters in a 9-35 nm range. The antibacterial activities of samples were assessed against the bacterial species Salmonella choleraesuis and Staphylococcus aureus. The CNC-stabilized ZnO-Ag exhibited greater bactericidal activity compared to cellulose-free ZnO-Ag heterostructure nanoparticles of the same particle size. The incorporation of ZnO-Ag hetreostructure nanoparticles significantly increased the thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  5. Fulltext Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callicarpa maingayi stem bark extraction
    Shameli K, Bin Ahmad M, Jaffar Al-Mulla EA, Ibrahim NA, Shabanzadeh P, Rustaiyan A, et al.
    Molecules, 2012 Jul 16;17(7):8506-17.
    PMID: 22801364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078506
    Different biological methods are gaining recognition for the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) due to their multiple applications. The use of plants in the green synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as a cost effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study the green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callicarpa maingayi stem bark extract has been reported. Characterizations of nanoparticles were done using different methods, which include; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXF) spectrometry, zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed absorption peak at around 456 nm. The TEM study showed that mean diameter and standard deviation for the formation of silver nanoparticles were 12.40 ± 3.27 nm. The XRD study showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face centered cubic (fcc) structure. The most needed outcome of this work will be the development of value added products from Callicarpa maingayi for biomedical and nanotechnology based industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  6. Fulltext Optimizing supercritical antisolvent process parameters to minimize the particle size of paracetamol nanoencapsulated in L-polylactide
    Kalani M, Yunus R, Abdullah N
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2011;6:1101-5.
    PMID: 21698077 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S18979
    The aim of this study was to optimize the different process parameters including pressure, temperature, and polymer concentration, to produce fine small spherical particles with a narrow particle size distribution using a supercritical antisolvent method for drug encapsulation. The interaction between different process parameters was also investigated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/ultrastructure*; Nanoparticles/chemistry
  7. Fulltext Synthesis and characterization of silver/talc nanocomposites using the wet chemical reduction method
    Shameli K, Ahmad MB, Yunus WZ, Ibrahim NA, Darroudi M
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2010;5:743-51.
    PMID: 21042420 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S13227
    In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using the wet chemical reduction method on the external surface layer of talc mineral as a solid support. Silver nitrate and sodium borohydride were used as the silver precursor and reducing agent in talc. The talc was suspended in aqueous AgNO(3) solution. After the absorption of Ag(+) on the surface, the ions were reduced with NaBH(4). The interlamellar space limits were without many changes (d(s) = 9.34-9.19 A(º)); therefore, Ag-NPs formed on the exterior surface of talc, with d(ave) = 7.60-13.11 nm in diameter. The properties of Ag/talc nanocomposites (Ag/talc-NCs) and the diameters of the Ag-NPs prepared in this way depended on the primary AgNO(3) concentration. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. These Ag/talc-NCs may have potential applications in the chemical and biological industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  8. Fulltext The effect of laser repetition rate on the LASiS synthesis of biocompatible silver nanoparticles in aqueous starch solution
    Zamiri R, Zakaria A, Ahangar HA, Darroudi M, Zamiri G, Rizwan Z, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2013;8:233-44.
    PMID: 23345971 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S36036
    Laser ablation-based nanoparticle synthesis in solution is rapidly becoming popular, particularly for potential biomedical and life science applications. This method promises one pot synthesis and concomitant bio-functionalization, is devoid of toxic chemicals, does not require complicated apparatus, can be combined with natural stabilizers, is directly biocompatible, and has high particle size uniformity. Size control and reduction is generally determined by the laser settings; that the size and size distribution scales with laser fluence is well described. Conversely, the effect of the laser repetition rate on the final nanoparticle product in laser ablation is less well-documented, especially in the presence of stabilizers. Here, the influence of the laser repetition rate during laser ablation synthesis of silver nanoparticles in the presence of starch as a stabilizer was investigated. The increment of the repetition rate does not negatively influence the ablation efficiency, but rather shows increased productivity, causes a red-shift in the plasmon resonance peak of the silver-starch nanoparticles, an increase in mean particle size and size distribution, and a distinct lack of agglomerate formation. Optimal results were achieved at 10 Hz repetition rate, with a mean particle size of ~10 nm and a bandwidth of ~6 nm 'full width at half maximum' (FWHM). Stability measurements showed no significant changes in mean particle size or agglomeration or even flocculation. However, zeta potential measurements showed that optimal double layer charge is achieved at 30 Hz. Consequently, Ag-NP synthesis via the laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) method in starch solution seems to be a trade-off between small size and narrow size distributions and inherent and long-term stability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  9. Assessment of the migration potential of nanosilver from nanoparticle-coated low-density polyethylene food packaging into food simulants
    Hannon JC, Kerry JP, Cruz-Romero M, Azlin-Hasim S, Morris M, Cummins E
    Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2016;33(1):167-78.
    PMID: 26523861 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1114184
    An experimental nanosilver-coated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) food packaging was incubated with food simulants using a conventional oven and tested for migration according to European Commission Regulation No. 10/2011. The commercial LDPE films were coated using a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique and three levels of silver (Ag) precursor concentration (0.5%, 2% and 5% silver nitrate (AgNO3), respectively) were used to attach antimicrobial Ag. The experimental migration study conditions (time, temperature and food simulant) under conventional oven heating (10 days at 60°C, 2 h at 70°C, 2 h at 60°C or 10 days at 70°C) were chosen to simulate the worst-case storage period of over 6 months. In addition, migration was quantified under microwave heating. The total Ag migrant levels in the food simulants were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Mean migration levels obtained by ICP-AES for oven heating were in the range 0.01-1.75 mg l(-1). Migration observed for microwave heating was found to be significantly higher when compared with oven heating for similar temperatures (100°C) and identical exposure times (2 min). In each of the packaging materials and food simulants tested, the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On inspection of the migration observed under conventional oven heating, an important finding was the significant reduction in migration resulting from the increased Ag precursor concentration used to attach Ag on the LDPE LbL-coated films. This observation merits further investigation into the LbL coating process used, as it suggests potential for process modifications to reduce migration. In turn, any reduction in NP migration below regulatory limits could greatly support the antimicrobial silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-LDPE LbL-coated films being used as a food packaging material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/analysis*; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  10. Fulltext Layer by Layer Ex-Situ Deposited Cobalt-Manganese Oxide as Composite Electrode Material for Electrochemical Capacitor
    Rusi, Chan PY, Majid SR
    PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0129780.
    PMID: 26158447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129780
    The composite metal oxide electrode films were fabricated using ex situ electrodeposition method with further heating treatment at 300°C. The obtained composite metal oxide film had a spherical structure with mass loading from 0.13 to 0.21 mg cm(-2). The structure and elements of the composite was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The electrochemical performance of different composite metal oxides was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (CD). As an active electrode material for a supercapacitor, the Co-Mn composite electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 285 Fg(-1) at current density of 1.85 Ag(-1) in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The best composite electrode, Co-Mn electrode was then further studied in various electrolytes (i.e., 0.5 M KOH and 0.5 M KOH/0.04 M K3Fe(CN) 6 electrolytes). The pseudocapacitive nature of the material of Co-Mn lead to a high specific capacitance of 2.2 x 10(3) Fg(-1) and an energy density of 309 Whkg(-1) in a 0.5 M KOH/0.04 M K3Fe(CN) 6 electrolyte at a current density of 10 Ag(-1). The specific capacitance retention obtained 67% of its initial value after 750 cycles. The results indicate that the ex situ deposited composite metal oxide nanoparticles have promising potential in future practical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
  11. Gold nanostars-diagnosis, bioimaging and biomedical applications
    Mousavi SM, Zarei M, Hashemi SA, Ramakrishna S, Chiang WH, Lai CW, et al.
    Drug Metab Rev, 2020 05;52(2):299-318.
    PMID: 32150480 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1734021
    Gold Nanostars (GNS) have attracted tremendous attention toward themselves owing to their multi-branched structure and unique properties. These state of the art metallic nanoparticles possess intrinsic features like remarkable optical properties and exceptional physiochemical activities. These star-shaped gold nanoparticles can predominantly be utilized in biosensing, photothermal therapy, imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and target drug delivery applications due to their low toxicity and extraordinary optical features. In the current review, recent approaches in the matter of GNS in case of diagnosis, bioimaging and biomedical applications were summarized and reported. In this regard, first an overview about the structure and general properties of GNS were reported and thence detailed information regarding the diagnostic, bioimaging, photothermal therapy, and drug delivery applications of such novel nanomaterials were presented in detail. Summarized information clearly highlighting the superior capability of GNS as potential multi-functional materials for biomedical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage*; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  12. Fulltext Controlled synthesis of iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) nanoparticles using secretory compounds from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae
    Ghanbariasad A, Taghizadeh SM, Show PL, Nomanbhay S, Berenjian A, Ghasemi Y, et al.
    Bioengineered, 2019 12;10(1):390-396.
    PMID: 31495263 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1661692
    FeOOH nanoparticles are commonly synthesized at very high temperature and pressure that makes the process energy consuming and non-economic. Recently, novel approaches were developed for the fabrication of these particles at room temperature. But, the main problem with these methods is that the prepared structures are aggregates of ultra-small nanoparticles where no intact separate nanoparticles are formed. In this study, for the first time, secretory compounds from Chlorella vulgaris cells were employed for the controlled synthesis of FeOOH nanoparticles at room atmosphere. Obtained particles were found to be goethite (α-FeO(OH)) crystals. Controlled synthesis of FeOOH nanoparticles resulted in uniform spherical nanoparticles ranging from 8 to 17 nm in diameter with 12.8 nm mean particle size. Fourier-transform infrared and elemental analyses were indicated that controlled synthesized nanoparticles have not functionalized with secretory compounds of C. vulgaris, and these compounds just played a controlling role over the synthesis reaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  13. Recent Progress in Delivery of Therapeutic and Imaging Agents Utilizing Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles
    Haque ST, Chowdhury EH
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2018;15(4):485-496.
    PMID: 29165073 DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666171120114034
    BACKGROUND: Delivery of conventional small molecule drugs and currently evolving nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and genes, and contrast agents for high resolution imaging, to the target site of action is highly demanding to increase the therapeutic and imaging efficacy while minimizing the off-target effects of the delivered molecules, as well as develop novel therapeutic and imaging approaches.

    METHODS: We have undertaken a structured search for peer-reviewed research and review articles predominantly indexed in PubMed focusing on the organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles with evidence of their potent roles in intracellular delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents in different animal models.

    RESULTS: Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles offer a number of advantages by combining the unique properties of the organic and inorganic counterparts, thus improving the pharmacokinetic behavior and targetability of drugs and contrast agents, and conferring the exclusive optical and magnetic properties for both therapeutic and imaging purposes. Different polymers, lipids, dendrimers, peptides, cell membranes, and small organic molecules are attached via covalent or non-covalent interactions with diverse inorganic nanoparticles of gold, mesoporous silica, magnetic iron oxide, carbon nanotubes and quantum dots for efficient drug delivery and imaging purposes.

    CONCLUSION: We have thus highlighted here the progress made so far in utilizing different organicinorganic hybrid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery of anti-cancer drugs, siRNA, genes and imaging agents.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/administration & dosage*; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  14. Nanomedicines for cancer therapy: current status, challenges and future prospects
    Bor G, Mat Azmi ID, Yaghmur A
    Ther Deliv, 2019 02;10(2):113-132.
    PMID: 30678550 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0062
    The emergence of nanomedicine as an innovative and promising alternative technology shows many advantages over conventional cancer therapies and provides new opportunities for early detection, improved treatment, and diagnosis of cancer. Despite the cancer nanomedicines' capability of delivering chemotherapeutic agents while providing lower systemic toxicity, it is paramount to consider the cancer complexity and dynamics for bridging the translational bench-to-bedside gap. It is important to conduct appropriate investigations for exploiting the tumor microenvironment, and achieving a more comprehensive understanding of the fundamental biological processes in cancer and their roles in modulating nanoparticle-protein interactions, blood circulation, and tumor penetration. This review provides an overview of the current cancer nanomedicines, the major challenges, and the future opportunities in this research area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/metabolism; Nanoparticles/chemistry
  15. Dendrimer-like nanoparticles based β-galactosidase assembly for enhancing its selectivity toward transgalactosylation
    Misson M, Du X, Jin B, Zhang H
    Enzyme Microb Technol, 2016 Mar;84:68-77.
    PMID: 26827776 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.12.008
    Functional nanomaterials have been pursued to assemble nanobiocatalysts since they can provide unique hierarchical nanostructures and localized nanoenvironments for enhancing enzyme specificity, stability and selectivity. Functionalized dendrimer-like hierarchically porous silica nanoparticles (HPSNs) was fabricated for assembling β-galactosidase nanobiocatalysts for bioconversion of lactose to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). The nanocarrier was functionalized with amino (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) groups to facilitate enzyme binding, benchmarking with non-functionalized HPSNs. Successful conjugation of the functional groups was confirmed by FTIR, TGA and zeta potential analysis. HPSNs-NH2 showed 1.8-fold and 1.1-fold higher β-galactosidase adsorption than HPSNs-COOH and HPSNs carriers, respectively, with the highest enzyme adsorption capacity of 328mg/g nanocarrier at an initial enzyme concentration of 8mg/ml. The HPSNs-NH2 and β-galactosidase assembly (HPSNs-NH2-Gal) demonstrated to maintain the highest activity at all tested enzyme concentrations and exhibited activity up to 10 continuous cycles. Importantly, HPSNs-NH2-Gal was simply recycled through centrifugation, overcoming the challenging problems of separating the nanocarrier from the reaction medium. HPSNs-NH2-Gal had distinguished catalytic reaction profiles by favoring transgalactosylation, enhancing GOS production of up to 122g/l in comparison with 56g/l by free β-galactosidase. Furthermore, it generated up to 46g/l GOS at a lower initial lactose concentration while the free counterpart had negligible GOS production as hydrolysis was overwhelmingly dominant in the reaction system. Our research findings show the amino-functionalized HPSNs can selectively promote the enzyme activity of β-galactosidase for transgalactosylation, which is beneficial for GOS production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Nanoparticles/chemistry
  16. Fulltext Optical and Photoacoustic Properties of Laser-Ablated Silver Nanoparticles in a Carbon Dots Solution
    Sadrolhosseini AR, Krishnan G, Shafie S, Abdul Rashid S, Wadi Harun S
    Molecules, 2020 Dec 09;25(24).
    PMID: 33316885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245798
    This study used the carbon dots solution for the laser ablation technique to fabricate silver nanoparticles. The ablation time range was from 5 min to 20 min. Analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to categorize the prepared samples. The UV-visible and z-scan techniques provided optical parameters such as linear and nonlinear refractive indices in the range of 1.56759 to 1.81288 and 7.3769 × 10-10 cm2 W-1 to 9.5269 × 10-10 cm2 W-1 and the nonlinear susceptibility was measured in the range of 5.46 × 10-8 to 6.97 × 10-8 esu. The thermal effusivity of prepared samples, which were measured using the photoacoustic technique, were in the range of 0.0941 W s1/2 cm-2 K-1 to 0.8491 W s1/2 cm-2 K-1. The interaction of the prepared sample with fluoride was investigated using a Raman spectrometer. Consequently, the intensity of the Raman signal decreased with the increasing concentration of fluoride, and the detection limit is about 0.1 ppm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  17. Fulltext Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles prepared from two novel natural precursors by facile thermal decomposition methods
    Goudarzi M, Mir N, Mousavi-Kamazani M, Bagheri S, Salavati-Niasari M
    Sci Rep, 2016 09 01;6:32539.
    PMID: 27581681 DOI: 10.1038/srep32539
    In this work, two natural sources, including pomegranate peel extract and cochineal dye were employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The natural silver complex from pomegranate peel extract resulted in nano-sized structures through solution-phase method, but this method was not efficient for cochineal dye-silver precursor and the as-formed products were highly agglomerated. Therefore, an alternative facile solid-state approach was investigated as for both natural precursors and the results showed successful production of well-dispersed nanoparticles with narrow size distribution for cochineal dye-silver precursor. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  18. Fulltext Chitosan-propolis nanoparticle formulation demonstrates anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
    Ong TH, Chitra E, Ramamurthy S, Siddalingam RP, Yuen KH, Ambu SP, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(3):e0174888.
    PMID: 28362873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174888
    Propolis obtained from bee hives is a natural substance with antimicrobial properties. It is limited by its insolubility in aqueous solutions; hence ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Malaysian propolis were prepared. Both the extracts displayed antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against Enterococcus faecalis, a common bacterium associated with hospital-acquired infections. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of propolis revealed the presence of flavonoids like kaempferol and pinocembrin. This study investigated the role of propolis developed into nanoparticles with chitosan for its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against E. faecalis. Bacteria that grow in a slimy layer of biofilm are resistant to penetration by antibacterial agents. The use of nanoparticles in medicine has received attention recently due to better bioavailability, enhanced penetrative capacity and improved efficacy. A chitosan-propolis nanoformulation was chosen based on ideal physicochemical properties such as particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency and the rate of release of the active ingredients. This formulation inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation and reduced the number of bacteria in the biofilm by ~90% at 200 μg/ml concentration. When tested on pre-formed biofilms, the formulation reduced bacterial number in the biofilm by ~40% and ~75% at 200 and 300 μg/ml, respectively. The formulation not only reduced bacterial numbers, but also physically disrupted the biofilm structure as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Treatment of biofilms with chitosan-propolis nanoparticles altered the expression of biofilm-associated genes in E. faecalis. The results of this study revealed that chitosan-propolis nanoformulation can be deemed as a potential anti-biofilm agent in resisting infections involving biofilm formation like chronic wounds and surgical site infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  19. Updated Regulatory Considerations for Nanomedicines
    Subin TS, Vijayan V, Kumar KJR
    Pharm Nanotechnol, 2017;5(3):180-191.
    PMID: 28641516 DOI: 10.2174/2211738505666170615095542
    BACKGROUND: Nanomedicine is a branch which deals with medicinal products, devices, nonbiological complex drugs and antibody-nanoparticle conjugates and general health products that are manufactured using nanotechnology.

    OBJECTIVE: Nano-medicine provides the same efficacies as traditional medicines owing to their improved solubility and bioavailability with reduced dosages. However, there are currently safety concerns due to the difficulties related to nanomaterial characterization; this might be the reason for unawareness of such medicines among the patients. The absence of clear regulatory guidelines further complicates matters, as it makes the path to registering them with regulatory bodies difficult. However, some products have overcome these obstacles and have been registered. While there are many international initiatives to harmonize the regulatory requirements and helps the industry to determine the most important characteristics that influence in vivo product performance.

    CONCLUSION: This review focuses on the various types of nanopharmaceuticals, and developments process with strategies tailored to upcoming regulations may satisfy the patients' needs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nanoparticles/therapeutic use; Nanoparticles/chemistry
  20. Fulltext Patterned Array of Poly(ethylene glycol) Silane Monolayer for Label-Free Detection of Dengue
    Rosly NZ, Ahmad SA, Abdullah J, Yusof NA
    Sensors (Basel), 2016 Aug 25;16(9).
    PMID: 27571080 DOI: 10.3390/s16091365
    In the present study, the construction of arrays on silicon for naked-eye detection of DNA dengue was demonstrated. The array was created by exposing a polyethylene glycol (PEG) silane monolayer to 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light through a photomask. Formation of the PEG silane monolayer and photomodifed surface properties was thoroughly characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. The results of XPS confirmed that irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light generates an aldehyde functional group that offers conjugation sites of amino DNA probe for detection of a specific dengue virus target DNA. Employing a gold enhancement process after inducing the electrostatic interaction between positively charged gold nanoparticles and the negatively charged target DNA hybridized to the DNA capture probe allowed to visualize the array with naked eye. The developed arrays demonstrated excellent performance in diagnosis of dengue with a detection limit as low as 10 pM. The selectivity of DNA arrays was also examined using a single base mismatch and noncomplementary target DNA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator ([email protected])

External Links