MyMedR

Displaying publications 21 - 30 of 30 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Accidental self-injection of Xylazine during work: a rare case

Ganapathy, Ganesh Kumar, Dharmalingam, T. Kumaravadivel, Sathival, Mugunthan M.

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(2):47-49.
MyJurnal

Xylazine is an alpha-2agonist often used as a sedative, analgesic and muscle relaxant agent
in animals. Xylazine was not accepted by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use
due to hazardous side effect such as hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression and coma.
This is a rare case report of a 64-year-old farmer who accidentally injected himself with Xylazine
which was supposed to be given to a fractious cow. He developed altered conscious level, hypotension, bradycardia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Fortunately, he
recovered and was discharged home after three days. This occurred due to improper handling of
Xylazine without standard operating procedures. Xylazine is regulated for animal use only. Therefore, effects of Xylazine toxicity in human must be emphasized for awareness on proper handling as well as for right management of its poisoning incident in future.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Fulltext Residual quantification and oxidative stress induced by malachite green after subacute and sublethal exposure in red tilapia

Kwan PP, Banerjee S, Shariff M, Yusoff FM

Vet World, 2019 Sep;12(9):1416-1421.
PMID: 31749575 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1416-1421

Background and Aim: Malachite green (MG) is an effective antiparasitic and antifungal chemical for treatment of fish. However, MG is reported to be a potential carcinogen. Yet, it is widely used in aquaculture despite its prohibition for use in food-producing animals by the EU and USFDA. The present study quantified MG residues and evaluated the oxidative stress in red tilapia when exposed to subacute and sublethal concentrations of MG.
Materials and Methods: Red tilapia exposed to subacute (0.105 mg/L for 20 days) and sublethal (0.053 mg/L for 60 days) concentrations were evaluated for total plasma protein, total immunoglobulin, nitroblue tetrazolium activity, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activity levels. The residues of MG and leuco-MG (LMG) were also quantified in the fish muscles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Results: Fish exposed to subacute concentration showed higher CAT on day 10 in the liver and days 5 and 15 in the spleen, whereas in fish exposed to the sublethal concentration, higher levels of GSH were observed on day 1 in the kidney and day 50 in the spleen. Fish muscle was able to accumulate the sum of MG and LMG of 108.04 µg/kg for subacute (day 20) and 82.68 µg/kg for sublethal (day 60).
Conclusion: This study showed that red tilapia was able to adapt to the stress caused by exposure to MG at sublethal concentration.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Repurposing of Drugs Is a Viable Approach to Develop Therapeutic Strategies against Central Nervous System Related Pathogenic Amoebae

Anwar A, Khan NA, Siddiqui R

ACS Chem Neurosci, 2020 08 19;11(16):2378-2384.
PMID: 32073257 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00613

Brain-eating amoebae including Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, and Balamuthia mandrillaris cause rare infections of the central nervous system that almost always result in death. The high mortality rate, lack of interest for drug development from pharmaceutical industries, and no available effective drugs present an alarming challenge. The current drugs employed in the management and therapy of these devastating diseases are amphotericin B, miltefosine, chlorhexidine, pentamidine, and voriconazole which are generally used in combination. However, clinical evidence shows that these drugs have limited efficacy and high host cell cytotoxicity. Repurposing of drugs is a practical approach to utilize commercially available, U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved drugs for one disease against rare diseases caused by brain-eating amoebae. In this Perspective, we highlight some of the success stories of drugs repositioned against neglected parasitic diseases and identify future potential for effective and sustainable drug development against brain-eating amoebae infections.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Japan's conditional early approval program for innovative cancer drugs: Comparison of the regulatory processes with the US FDA and the EMA

Murayama A, Ueda M, Shrestha S, Tanimoto T, Ozaki A

Cancer Cell, 2021 09 13;39(9):1165-1166.
PMID: 34358449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.07.008
Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Fulltext A systematic review of efficacy and safety of newer drugs approved from 2016 to 2023 for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections

Sivanandy P, Manirajan P, Wen Qi O, Teng Khai O, Chun Wei O, Wei Ying N, et al.

Ann Med, 2024 Dec;56(1):2403724.
PMID: 39530664 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2403724

Background: Complicated urinary tract infections are a significant cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and elevated hospital costs associated with kidney transplantations. The treatment of complicated urinary tract infections is very challenging, due to varying severities of infection and lower cure rates. The available drug options for treating these infections are limited, each with different mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles, making drug selection more difficult for healthcare professionals. Objectives: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections between 2016 and 2023. The primary endpoint for all drugs used in treating complicated urinary tract infections was the cure rate. Results: Among the drugs used for treating complicated urinary tract infections, meropenem had the highest cure rate at 91.4%, followed by plazomicin at 88% and cefiderocol at 73% when used as monotherapy. In combination therapy, meropenem-vaborbactam had the highest cure rate at 98.4%, followed by piperacillin-tazobactam at 94%, and ceftazidime-avibactam at 87.5%. The safety profiles of the drugs indicated that almost all drugs caused gastrointestinal symptoms, with imipenem-relebactam and colistin-imipenem combinations having the most serious adverse events. Cefiderocol had a low magnitude of adverse events, with most side effects being mild gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion: The study concludes that appropriate drug selection and treatment adherence are crucial for preventing complicated urinary tract infections and improving health outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Profiling of recovery efficiencies for three standard protocols (FDA-BAM, ISO-11290, and modified USDA) on temperature-injured Listeria monocytogenes

Lee HY, Chai LC, Pui CF, Wong WC, Mustafa S, Cheah YK, et al.

J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2011 Sep;21(9):954-9.
PMID: 21952372

There have been a number of studies conducted in order to compare the efficiencies of recovery rates, utilizing different protocols, for the isolation of L. monocytogenes. However, the severity of multiple cell injury has not been included in these studies. In the current study, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was injured by exposure to extreme temperatures (60°C and -20°C) for a one-step injury, and for a two-step injury the cells were transferred directly from a heat treatment to frozen state to induce a severe cell injury (up to 100% injury). The injured cells were then subjected to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the ISO-11290, and the modified United States Department of Agriculture (mUSDA) protocols, and plated on TSAyeast (0.6% yeast), PALCAM agar, and CHROMAgar Listeria for 24 h or 48 h. The evaluation of the total recovery of injured cells was also calculated based on the costs involved in the preparation of media for each protocol. Results indicate that the mUSDA method is best able to aid the recovery of heat-injured, freeze-injured, and heat-freeze-injured cells and was shown to be the most cost effective for heat-freeze-injured cells.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Fulltext An insight into the isolation, enumeration, and molecular detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food

Law JW, Ab Mutalib NS, Chan KG, Lee LH

Front Microbiol, 2015;6:1227.
PMID: 26579116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01227

Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis through the consumption of food contaminated with this pathogen. The ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in extreme conditions and cause food contaminations have become a major concern. Hence, routine microbiological food testing is necessary to prevent food contamination and outbreaks of foodborne illness. This review provides insight into the methods for cultural detection, enumeration, and molecular identification of L. monocytogenes in various food samples. There are a number of enrichment and plating media that can be used for the isolation of L. monocytogenes from food samples. Enrichment media such as buffered Listeria enrichment broth, Fraser broth, and University of Vermont Medium (UVM) Listeria enrichment broth are recommended by regulatory agencies such as Food and Drug Administration-bacteriological and analytical method (FDA-BAM), US Department of Agriculture-Food and Safety (USDA-FSIS), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Many plating media are available for the isolation of L. monocytogenes, for instance, polymyxin acriflavin lithium-chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol, Oxford, and other chromogenic media. Besides, reference methods like FDA-BAM, ISO 11290 method, and USDA-FSIS method are usually applied for the cultural detection or enumeration of L. monocytogenes. most probable number technique is applied for the enumeration of L. monocytogenes in the case of low level contamination. Molecular methods including polymerase chain reaction, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, real-time/quantitative polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, DNA microarray, and next generation sequencing technology for the detection and identification of L. monocytogenes are discussed in this review. Overall, molecular methods are rapid, sensitive, specific, time- and labor-saving. In future, there are chances for the development of new techniques for the detection and identification of foodborne with improved features.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Fulltext Nerolidol: A Sesquiterpene Alcohol with Multi-Faceted Pharmacological and Biological Activities

Chan WK, Tan LT, Chan KG, Lee LH, Goh BH

Molecules, 2016 Apr 28;21(5).
PMID: 27136520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050529

Nerolidol (3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol that is present in various plants with a floral odor. It is synthesized as an intermediate in the production of (3E)-4,8-dimethy-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), a herbivore-induced volatile that protects plants from herbivore damage. Chemically, nerolidol exists in two geometric isomers, a trans and a cis form. The usage of nerolidol is widespread across different industries. It has been widely used in cosmetics (e.g., shampoos and perfumes) and in non-cosmetic products (e.g., detergents and cleansers). In fact, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also permitted the use of nerolidol as a food flavoring agent. The fact that nerolidol is a common ingredient in many products has attracted researchers to explore more medicinal properties of nerolidol that may exert beneficial effect on human health. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile and consolidate the data on the various pharmacological and biological activities displayed by nerolidol. Furthermore, this review also includes pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of nerolidol. In summary, the various pharmacological and biological activities demonstrated in this review highlight the prospects of nerolidol as a promising chemical or drug candidate in the field of agriculture and medicine.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Fulltext The Prevalence of Prescribing Medications Associated with Geriatric Syndromes among Discharged Elderly Patients

Akkawi ME, Mohd Taufek NH, Abdul Hadi AD, Nik Lah NNNF

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S747-S751.
PMID: 33828372 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_305_19

Introduction: A geriatric syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms that occur in older people and do not fit into a discrete disease. Several medications were reported to be associated with the incidence of geriatric syndromes.
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of medications associated with geriatric syndromes (MAGSs) among the discharged elderly patients (≥65 years old).
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at a Malaysian teaching hospital from October to December 2018. The discharge medications of geriatric patients were reviewed to identify MAGSs using Beers criteria, Lexicomp drug information handbook, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) drug inserts. Chi-square test was used to compare MAGS prescribed between categories. Spearman's rank-order correlation was used to test the correlation between the presence of MAGS and the number of discharge medications. A binomial logistic regression was applied to determine the predictors of prescribing MAGSs.
Results: A total of 400 patients (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age, 72.0 ± 5.0 years) were included, and 45.3% of them were females. The most common diseases were hypertension followed by diabetes mellitus. The mean ± SD number of discharge medications per patient was 4.2 ± 2.5. The MAGSs were prescribed in 51.7% of the patients, and 54 patients were discharged with more than one MAGSs. The most commonly prescribed MAGSs were opioid analgesics, vasodilators, and β-blockers, which are associated with falls, depression, and delirium. Polypharmacy was found in 138 patients, and it was significantly associated with the presence of MAGSs (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in prescribing MAGSs based on the patients' gender, race, and age.
Conclusion: The prescribing of MAGSs occurred in half of the discharged elderly patients. Physicians should be aware of the medications that are associated with special side effects in the elderly patients, and should switch to safer alternatives when possible.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration
Fulltext Preparation and characterization of a gastric floating dosage form of capecitabine

Taghizadeh Davoudi E, Ibrahim Noordin M, Kadivar A, Kamalidehghan B, Farjam AS, Akbari Javar H

Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:495319.
PMID: 24288681 DOI: 10.1155/2013/495319

Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea and vomiting, are considered amongst the main adverse effects associated with oral anticancer drugs due to their fast release in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Sustained release formulations with proper release profiles can overcome some side effects of conventional formulations. The current study was designed to prepare sustained release tablets of Capecitabine, which is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carbomer934P, sodium alginate, and sodium bicarbonate. Tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method and characterized such that floating lag time, total floating time, hardness, friability, drug content, weight uniformity, and in vitro drug release were investigated. The sustained release tablets showed good hardness and passed the friability test. The tablets' floating lag time was determined to be 30-200 seconds, and it floated more than 24 hours and released the drug for 24 hours. Then, the stability test was done and compared with the initial samples. In conclusion, by adjusting the right ratios of the excipients including release-retarding gel-forming polymers like HPMC K4M, Na alginate, carbomer934P, and sodium bicarbonate, sustained release Capecitabine floating tablet was formulated.

Matched MeSH terms: United States Food and Drug Administration