Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 152 in total

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  1. Lamaming J, Hashim R, Leh CP, Sulaiman O
    Carbohydr Polym, 2017 Jan 20;156:409-416.
    PMID: 27842840 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.053
    Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from oil palm trunk by total chlorine free method. The samples were either water pre-hydrolyzed or non-water pre-hydrolyzed, subjected to soda pulping, acidified and ozone bleached. Cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) physical, chemical, thermal properties, and crystallinity index were investigated by composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. Water pre-hydrolysis reduced lignin (<0.5%) and increased holocellulose (99.6%) of ozone-bleached cellulose. Water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose exhibited surface fibrillation and peeling off after acid hydrolysis process compared to non-fibrillated of non-water pre-hydrolyzed cellulose. Water pre-hydrolysis improved final CNC crystallinity (up to 75%) compared to CNC without water pre-hydrolysis crystallinity (69%). Cellulose degradation was found to occur during ozone bleaching stage but CNC showed an increase in crystallinity after acid hydrolysis. Thus, oil palm trunk CNC can be potentially applied in pharmaceutical, food, medical and nanocomposites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems/chemistry*
  2. Moeinzadeh R, Jadval Ghadam AG, Lau WJ, Emadzadeh D
    Carbohydr Polym, 2019 Dec 01;225:115212.
    PMID: 31521264 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115212
    In this work, nanocomposite ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were synthesized through addition of different quantities of amino-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose (NCs) in order to improve membrane anti-fouling resistance against oil depositions. The characterization results demonstrated that the overall porosity and hydrophilicity of the membranes were improved significantly upon addition of NCs despite a decrease in the pore size of nanocomposite membranes. The UF performance results showed that the nanocomposite membrane incorporated with 1 wt% NCs achieved an optimal water flux improvement, i.e., approximately 43% higher than the pristine membrane. Such nanocomposite membrane also exhibited promising oil rejection (>98.2%) and excellent water flux recovery rate of ˜98% and ˜85% after one and four cycles of treating 250-ppm oil-in-water emulsion solution, respectively. The desirable anti-fouling properties of nanocomposite membrane can be attributed to the existence of hydrophilic functional groups (-OH) on the surface of membrane stemming from addition of NCs that renders the membrane less vulnerable to fouling during oil-in-water emulsion treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  3. Jing CJ, Seman IA, Zakaria L
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2015 Dec;26(2):45-57.
    PMID: 26868709 MyJurnal
    Mating compatibility and restriction analyses of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions were performed to determine the relations between Ganoderma boninense, the most common species associated with basal stem rot in oil palm and Ganoderma isolates from infected oil palm, two ornamental palms, sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda) and MacArthur palm (Ptychosperma macarthurii), an isolate from coconut stump (Cocos nucifera), Ganoderma miniatocinctum, Ganoderma zonatum and Ganoderma tornatum. The results showed that G. boninense was compatible with Ganoderma isolates from oil palm, G. miniatocinctum and G. zonatum, Ganoderma isolates from sealing wax palm, MacArthur palm and coconut stump. G. boninense was not compatible with G. tornatum. Therefore, the results suggested that the G. boninense, G. miniatocinctum, G. zonatum, and Ganoderma isolates from oil palm, ornamental palms and coconut stump could represent the same biological species. In performing a restriction analysis of the ITS regions, variations were observed in which five haplotypes were generated from the restriction patterns. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis showed that all the Ganoderma isolates were grouped into five primary groups, and the similarity values of the isolates ranged from 97% to 100%. Thus, a restriction analysis of the ITS regions showed that G. boninense and the Ganoderma isolates from other palm hosts were closely related. On the basis of the mating compatibility test and the restriction analysis of the ITS regions performed in this study, a diverse group of Ganoderma species from oil palm and other palm hosts are closely related, except for G. tornatum and Ganoderma isolates from tea and rubber.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  4. Ismail BS, Siddique MA
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2011 May;22(1):81-9.
    PMID: 24575211
    Experiments were carried out in the laboratory and greenhouse to determine the growth inhibitory effects of Grassohopper's cyperus (Cyperus iria L.) on the seedlings of 5 Malaysian rice varieties namely MR211, MRQ74, MR220, MR84 and MR232. Three concentrations of the aqueous extract of the weed (12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 g/l) and weed debris (5, 10 and 20 g dry debris/1000 g soil) were used to test the allelopathic effect of C. iria on the growth of the rice plants. The weed leaf, stem and root extracts reduced the growth of the rice seedlings and showed selective activity in the varieties. The C. iria leaf and stem extracts showed comparatively higher growth inhibitory effects than those from the root. The weed extract caused more reduction in the root length of the rice plant compared to the shoot length. Among the rice varieties tested, MR232 was found to be more susceptible to the weed inhibitory effect. The leaf extract of C. iria at full strength caused root and shoot reduction of MR232 by 88.1% and 73.1% respectively (compared to the control). In most cases the fresh weight of the rice seedlings were more affected than the plant height. Weed debris caused significant reduction of leaf chlorophyll content in all the rice varieties tested with the exception of MR211. The chlorophyll content of MR232 was greatly affected by the weed debris which caused reduction of 36.4% compared to the control. The inhibitory effects of weed extracts and debris on rice growth parameters were found to be concentration dependent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  5. Naji, H.R., Sahri, M.H., Bakar, E.S., Soltani, M., Hamid, H.A.
    ASM Science Journal, 2014;8(1):36-43.
    MyJurnal
    Wood density and types of shrinkage were examined in two rubberwood latex timber clones of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) namely RRIM 2020 and RRIM 2025, planted at densities of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 trees/ha, within a trial plot. The mean wood density showed a low descending trend towards high planting densities in both clones. Wood density was significantly and negatively correlated with planting density. The strength of correlation was moderate. The mean longitudinal shrinkage in both clones and tangential shrinkages in clone RRIM 2020 showed no significant difference among planting densities. The tangential (in RRIM 2025), radial and volumetric shrinkages in both clones decreased from low to high planting densities and the differences were more pronounced between densities of 500 trees/ha and 2000 trees/ha. The magnitudes of correlation between these shrinkages and planting density were low. The regression models indicated that wood density could be more ascribed by planting density followed by volumetric shrinkage. This study exhibited low variations in wood density and shrinkages among clones and the respective planting densities; however, RRIM 2025 was more stable than RRIM 2020.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  6. Chew, S.C., Nagendra Prasad, K., Yang, Bao, Amin Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Changes in nitrate and nitrite contents (leaves and stem) of Amaranthus gangeticus (AG) and Amaranthus paniculatus (AP), resulting from blanching, storage time (0-4 days), storage temperature (0 and 4ºC), and reheating were analysed. Results showed that fresh AG (1859 ± 7.07 mg/kg) had higher nitrite content than AP (1262 ± 2.12 mg/kg). Nitrites content was 506 ± 2 and 825 ± 3.5 mg/kg for AG and AP, respectively. Reheating and storage times significantly increased the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in AG and AP. Storage at 0 and 4oC exhibited a significant change (P < 0.05) in nitrate and nitrite contents for both samples. Higher nitrite content was found in AP when stored at 4oC and 0oC. The present study indicated that storage time and temperature affected the nitrite contents in blanched AG and AP when stored in low temperatures. Apart from that reheating was also found to increase the formation of nitrite.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  7. Pattra S, Sureewan Sittijunda
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:51-58.
    Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize key factors affecting
    hydrogen production (HP) from diluted acid hydrolysate of water-hyacinth stem (WHS) by heat-treated anaerobic sludge
    in a batch fermentation process. Key factors affecting namely substrate concentration and initial pH was investigated.
    The results indicated that substrate concentration and initial pH had significantly effects on HP (p<0.05). A maximum HP
    hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield of 182.7 mmol H2
    /L, 2.81 mmol H2
    /L h and 0.84 mol H2
    /mol hexose were
    obtained under the optimum conditions i.e. substrate concentration of 4.06 g/L and initial pH of 5.81. The total energy
    production from the fermentative of WHS hydrolysate was 1.97 kJ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  8. Hashim A, Hashim NA, Mohd Junaidi MU, Kamarudin D, Hussain MA
    Water Sci Technol, 2022 Sep;86(5):1055-1065.
    PMID: 36358045 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.253
    Flood is among the natural disasters that commonly happened in Malaysia every year. During the flood, victims faced clean water shortages and deterioration of the environment resulting in long waiting times for aid to access. Hence, affordable and efficient filters are needed to supply clean water in the affected areas. Application of xylem tissue inside plant stem has the potential as a filter for water filtration. This research focuses on xylem tissue in Malaysian tropical plants from cassava stem. Cassava stems were prepared in a small-scale set-up as the xylem was used as a filter. Effects of cross-sectional area and hydrostatic pressure were analyzed and the results showed a directly proportional relationship with permeate flow rate. Upon filtration with red dye solution, total dye removal was achieved using a xylem with a minimal length of 3 cm and onwards. While for bacteria removal, E. coli bacteria have been removed when tested with a bacteria count plate. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential of the xylem tissue of the cassava plant as affordable and available natural raw materials to be used as water filters during an emergency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  9. Nayan N, van Erven G, Kabel MA, Sonnenberg AS, Hendriks WH, Cone JW
    J Sci Food Agric, 2019 Jun;99(8):4054-4062.
    PMID: 30737799 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9634
    BACKGROUND: White rot fungi have been used to improve the nutritive value of lignocellulose for ruminants. In feed analysis, the Van Soest method is widely used to determine the cell wall contents. To assess the reliability of this method (Method A) for determination of cell wall contents in fungal-treated wheat straw, we compared a combined monosaccharide analysis and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) (Method B). Ruminal digestibility, measured as in vitro gas production (IVGP), was subsequently used to examine which method explains best the effect of fungal pretreatment on the digestibility of wheat straw.

    RESULTS: Both methods differed considerably in the mass recoveries of the individual cell wall components, which changed on how we assess their degradation characteristics. For example, Method B gave a higher degradation of lignin (61.9%), as compared to Method A (33.2%). Method A, however, showed a better correlation of IVGP with the ratio of lignin to total structural carbohydrates, as compared to Method B (Pearson's r of -0.84 versus -0.69). Nevertheless, Method B provides a more accurate quantification of lignin, reflecting its actual modification and degradation. With the information on the lignin structural features, Method B presents a substantial advantage in understanding the underlying mechanisms of lignin breakdown. Both methods, however, could not accurately quantify the cellulose contents - among others, due to interference of fungal biomass.

    CONCLUSION: Method A only accounts for the recalcitrant residue and therefore is more suitable for evaluating ruminal digestibility. Method B allows a more accurate quantification of cell wall, required to understand and better explains the actual modification of the cell wall. The suitability of both methods, therefore, depends on their intended purposes. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems/metabolism; Plant Stems/microbiology; Plant Stems/chemistry
  10. Shah SSM, Luthfi AAI, Low KO, Harun S, Manaf SFA, Illias RM, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 03 11;9(1):4080.
    PMID: 30858467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40807-z
    Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a potential fibre crop with a desirably high growth rate, could serve as a sustainable feedstock in the production of xylitol. In this work, the extraction of soluble products of kenaf through dilute nitric-acid hydrolysis was elucidated with respect to three parameters, namely temperature, residence time, and acid concentration. The study will assist in evaluating the performance in terms of xylose recovery. The result point out that the maximum xylose yield of 30.7 g per 100 g of dry kenaf was attained from 2% (v/v) HNO3 at 130 °C for 60 min. The detoxified hydrolysate was incorporated as the primary carbon source for subsequent fermentation by recombinant Escherichia coli and the performance of strain on five different semi-synthetic media on xylitol production were evaluated herein. Among these media, batch cultivation in a basal salt medium (BSM) afforded the highest xylitol yield of 0.35 g/g based on xylose consumption, which corresponded to 92.8% substrate utilization after 38 h. Subsequently, fermentation by E. coli in the xylose-based kenaf hydrolysate supplemented with BSM resulting in 6.8 g/L xylitol which corresponding to xylitol yield of 0.38 g/g. These findings suggested that the use of kenaf as the fermentation feedstock could be advantageous for the development of sustainable xylitol production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems/metabolism*; Plant Stems/chemistry
  11. Teh SS, Cheng Lian Ee G, Mah SH, Lim YM, Rahmani M
    Molecules, 2012 Sep 10;17(9):10791-800.
    PMID: 22964497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910791
    An investigation on biologically active secondary metabolites from the stem bark of Mesua beccariana was carried out. A new cyclodione, mesuadione, along with several known constituents which are beccamarin, 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxy anthraquinone, 4-methoxy-1,3,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone, betulinic acid and stigmasterol were obtained from this ongoing research. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D-NMR, GC-MS, IR and UV techniques. Preliminary tests of the in vitro cytotoxic activities of all the isolated metabolites against a panel of human cancer cell lines Raji (lymphoma), SNU-1 (gastric carcinoma), K562 (erythroleukemia cells), LS-174T (colorectal adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervical cells), SK-MEL-28 (malignant melanoma cells), NCI-H23 (lung adenocarcinoma), IMR-32 (neuroblastoma) and Hep-G2 (hepatocellular liver carcinoma) were carried out using an MTT assay. Mesuadione, beccamarin, betulinic acid and stigmasterol displayed strong inhibition of Raji cell proliferation, while the proliferation rate of SK-MEL-28 and HeLa were strongly inhibited by stigmasterol and beccamarin, indicating these secondary metabolites could be anti-cancer lead compounds in drug discovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems/metabolism; Plant Stems/chemistry
  12. Ahmadi P, Muharam FM, Ahmad K, Mansor S, Abu Seman I
    Plant Dis, 2017 Jun;101(6):1009-1016.
    PMID: 30682927 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-12-16-1699-RE
    Ganoderma boninense is a causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) and is responsible for a significant portion of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) losses, which can reach US$500 million a year in Southeast Asia. At the early stage of this disease, infected palms are symptomless, which imposes difficulties in detecting the disease. In spite of the availability of tissue and DNA sampling techniques, there is a particular need for replacing costly field data collection methods for detecting Ganoderma in its early stage with a technique derived from spectroscopic and imagery data. Therefore, this study was carried out to apply the artificial neural network (ANN) analysis technique for discriminating and classifying fungal infections in oil palm trees at an early stage using raw, first, and second derivative spectroradiometer datasets. These were acquired from 1,016 spectral signatures of foliar samples in four disease levels (T1: healthy, T2: mildly-infected, T3: moderately infected, and T4: severely infected). Most of the satisfactory results occurred in the visible range, especially in the green wavelength. The healthy oil palms and those which were infected by Ganoderma at an early stage (T2) were classified satisfactorily with an accuracy of 83.3%, and 100.0% in 540 to 550 nm, respectively, by ANN using first derivative spectral data. The results further indicated that the sensitive frond number modeled by ANN provided the highest accuracy of 100.0% for frond number 9 compared with frond 17. This study showed evidence that employment of ANN can predict the early infection of BSR disease on oil palm with a high degree of accuracy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  13. Ismail, B.S., Mohammed Abu Bakar Siddique
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2011;22(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Experiments were carried out in the laboratory and greenhouse to determine the growth inhibitory effects of Grassohopper’s cyperus (Cyperus iria L.) on the seedlings of 5 Malaysian rice varieties namely MR211, MRQ74, MR220, MR84 and MR232. Three concentrations of the aqueous extract of the weed (12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 g/l) and weed debris (5, 10 and 20 g dry debris/1000 g soil) were used to test the allelopathic effect of
    C. iria on the growth of the rice plants. The weed leaf, stem and root extracts reduced the growth of the rice seedlings and showed selective activity in the varieties. The C. iria leaf and stem extracts showed comparatively higher growth inhibitory effects than those from the root. The weed extract caused more reduction in the root length of the rice plant compared to the shoot length. Among the rice varieties tested, MR232 was found to be more susceptible to the weed inhibitory effect. The leaf extract of C. iria at full strength caused root and shoot reduction of MR232 by 88.1% and 73.1% respectively (compared to the control). In most cases the fresh weight of the rice seedlings were more affected than the plant height. Weed debris caused significant reduction of leaf chlorophyll content in all the rice varieties tested with the exception of MR211. The chlorophyll content of MR232 was greatly affected by the weed debris which caused reduction of 36.4% compared to the control. The inhibitory effects of weed extracts and debris on rice growth
    parameters were found to be concentration dependent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  14. Poobathy, Ranjetta, Rahmad Zakaria, Syed Mohd. Edzham Syed Hamzah, Subramaniam, Sreeramanan
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):15-19.
    MyJurnal
    The terrestrial Ludisia discolor, also referred to as the jewel orchid is prized for
    the quality of its leaves. L. discolor is known as a medicinal herb and is touted for its heatand
    pathogen-resisting qualities. L. discolor is valuable in the production of both flavonoids
    and anthocyanins, antioxidants that are exalted in the health industry. Plant cell cultures
    have emerged as alternative sources of anthocyanin production. Plant protoplast cultures
    are used frequently in transient gene expression studies and in the establishment of callus
    and cell suspension cultures. Benefits of plant protoplast system include similarity to cells
    found in plant tissues, reproduction under controlled conditions, and prevention of masking
    of stress responses to previous handling techniques. A study was conducted to assess the
    amenability of the stem and leaves of L. discolor to protoplast isolation. The stem and leaf
    segments were weighed, sliced into thin layers, immersed in a digestion medium, washed
    and then cultured onto a recovery medium. Results indicated that the production of plant
    protoplasts from L. discolor may be viewed as an alternative in the generation of cell
    cultures and ultimately in the production of anthocyanins from the cell cultures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  15. Leh TY, Yong CSY, Nulit R, Abdullah JO
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):149-159.
    PMID: 30847038 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.9
    Stevia rebaudiana, a perennial herb native to northeastern Paraguay, has gained immense attention globally over the recent decades due to the natural sweetness of its leaves. Like in most plants, this particular species contains high amount of secondary metabolites, thus rendering the isolation of high quality and quantity RNA extract for molecular applications rather challenging. An effective, high-yield and high-quality RNA isolation protocol for this economically important plant species was devised here based on the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction method, with an additional genomic DNA (gDNA) removal step. DNA and other contaminants that may affect downstream applications were effectively removed. Our results exhibited that RNA samples isolated from the leaves and stems of Stevia rebaudiana using this improvised method are high in integrity and quality with RNA integrity number (RIN) of more than 8 and low in contaminants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  16. Nazarudin MA, Tsan F, Adzmi Y, Normaniza O
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:483-489.
    A study was conducted to determine the effects of a plant growth regulator (paclobutrazol, PBZ) and commercial
    fertilizer (Krista-K Plus) as a source of potassium nitrate (KNO3
    ) on the growth of Xanthostemon chrysantus. It was
    also attempted to investigate the anatomical changes in the leaf and stem after the treatment. Nine treatments, i.e.
    control (no PBZ and Krista-K Plus application), 0 PBZ gL-1 + 100 g Krista-K Plus, 0 PBZ gL-1 + 200 g Krista-K Plus,
    0.125 PBZ gL-1 + 0 g Krista-K Plus, 0.125 PBZ gL-1 + 100 g Krista-K Plus, 0.125 PBZ gL-1 + 200 g Krista-K Plus, 0.25
    PBZ gL-1 + 0 g Krista-K Plus, 0.25 PBZ gL-1 + 100 g Krista-K Plus and 0.25 PBZ gL-1 + 200 g Krista-K Plus, were
    tested. PBZ was soil drenched at the commencement of the study while Krista-K Plus was applied at three-month
    intervals. Plant growth performances such as tree height, diameter at breast height, canopy diameter and leaf area
    were recorded monthly throughout the study period. Stem and leaf samples were collected before the application
    of treatments and after six months of treatments for anatomical observation by using electron microscope. Plant
    height, diameter at breast height, crown diameter and leaf area were significantly reduced with the application of
    PBZ. Palisade parenchyma thickness was increased by 33.83% with 0.25 PBZ gL-1 + 200 g Krista-K Plus, while only
    2.44% increment recorded in the control tree. Xylem thickness in the stem was reduced by 21.81% after treated with
    the highest dosage of PBZ, while the control tree only had 1.78% increment. Spongy parenchyma thickness in the leaf
    was unaffected. However, palisade parenchyma was found the thickest after combined treatment with 0.25 PBZ gL-1
    + 200 g Krista-K Plus. Micrograph images of the cross-section of leaf lamina and stem showed that the cells were
    tightly arranged in response to the application of PBZ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  17. Samsiah Jusoh, Laily B. Din, Zuriati Zakaria, Fasihuddin B. Ahmad
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:365-370.
    Phytochemical studies were conducted on the stem bark, stem, root and fruit of Goniothalamus ridleyi (Annonaceae)
    collected at Post Brooke, Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. Extraction using organic solvent followed by extensive
    purification using standard procedure afforded an epoxystyryllactone, 5-acetoxyisogoniothalamin oxide (1) from the
    stem bark and fruit; a styryllactone, 5-acetoxygoniothalamin (2) and a styrylpyrone, dehydrogoniothalamin (3) from
    the stem and root; a styryllactone, 5-hydroxygoniothalamin (4) from the root and styrylpyrone as well as goniothalamin
    (5) from the fruit. These compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  18. Normaniza Osman, Mohamad Nordin Abdullah, Che Hassandi Abdullah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1123-1127.
    A bioengineering technique is gradually being used as an alternative for slope stabilisation design. The effect of vegetation on soil strength, particularly in terms of root reinforcement aspects has therefore become a major interest. However, there is a lack of documentation on the root mechanical properties available especially in Malaysia. In this study, both pull-out and tensile strength of two tropical trees namely Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia mangium were investigated on different stem sizes. L. leucocephala performs the higher pullout strength than A. mangium. The results also show that pullout resistance is much affected by the root than the shoot profiles. In terms of tensile strength, the tensile strength decreases with increasing root diameter, implying the finer root diameter contribute to the higher tensile strength. In both parameters, L. leucocephala exhibits the highest value. The study suggests that L. leucocephala has an added value as a good potential slope plant for slope stabilization work as it exhibits outstanding root mechanical properties. Interestingly, the results also showed that the pullout force was much affected by the tensile strength. It can be concluded that some root and shoot properties do have a great impact on root mechanical properties such as tensile and pullout strengths.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  19. Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob, Azani Saleh, Hashimah Elias, Sakinah Abdullah, Noraini Mahmad, Normadiha Mohamed
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:715-722.
    This paper discussed on the effectiveness of BAP and NAA growth hormones on establishment of plant regeneration for selected ornamentals; Agapanthus praecox, Justicia betonica and Celosia cristata. Various explants (leaf, stem, shoot tip and bulb) derived from one-month-old aseptic seedlings of A. praecox and C. cristata, as well as explants from intact plants of J. betonica were utilized to achieve complete plant regeneration of these species. MS medium supplemented with various hormones, with an emphasis on BAP and NAA was tested to obtain direct and indirect regeneration. Both A. praecox (bulbs) and C. cristata (shoots) formed complete plantlets on MS added with 0.5-2.0 mg/L BAP and NAA, while direct regeneration was achieved for J. betonica on MS media containing BAP. Several methods were attempted to acclimatize the regenerants, with A. praecox gave the highest percentage of survival rates (96.67%), followed by J. betonica (80.00%) and C. cristata (75.00%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
  20. Chai TT, Fazilah Abd Manan, Azman Abd Samad, Dayangku Dalilah Mamat
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:503-509.
    Heavy metal pollution leads to human health problems and represents a constant threat to the environment. Pollutant
    clean-up using conventional methods are often hampered by high cost and ineffective pollutant removal. Phytoremediation
    technique is a preferable alternative due to its minimal side effects to the environment in addition to reasonable treatment
    cost. In this study, we investigated the potential of Centella asiatica and Orthosiphon stamineus as phytoremediation
    agents. Both species were grown in contaminated soil obtained from industrial land. Plant growth response and their
    ability to accumulate and translocate zinc, copper and lead were assessed. From this study, root growth of C. asiatica
    was compromised when grown in contaminated soil. Copper was highly accumulated in C. asiatica roots while the
    leaves were more concentrated with zinc and lead. Conversely, all three tested metals were highly detected in the roots
    of O. stamineus, although the root elongation was not adversely affected. Low amount of metals in the stems of both
    species permits longer stem length. Correlation study showed that the accumulation of zinc, copper and lead in plant
    tissues varies depending on plant species and the type of metals. Based on the bioaccumulation, translocation and
    enrichment factor, our study showed that C. asiatica was tolerant towards zinc, copper and lead; hence suitable for
    phytoextraction. By contrast, O. stamineus acted as a moderate accumulator of the tested metal elements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Stems
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