Displaying publications 21 - 37 of 37 in total

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  1. Ghazali, N., Ismail, S.M., Abdul Rahman, Z.A.
    Ann Dent, 2001;8(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Mental nerve neuropathy is an important presenting complaint that may be encountered by dental surgeons in their daily practise. There are various pathological processes that could bring about this symptom, ranging. from simple dental cause to vague, life threatening diseases. We present three cases of mental paraesthesia of different aetiologies. A literature review on mental nerve neuropathy related to malignancies and infection is discussed. The importance of a thorough chair side history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations are emphasised in a suggested clinical approach to obtaining the diagnosis of a numb chin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
  2. Lim CC, Chong HS, Yong DJ, Foong SK, Prepageran N
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):114-115.
    PMID: 29703877 MyJurnal
    Schwannoma of cervical sympathetic chain is a rare cause of neck swelling. We report a 73- year-old male presented with anterior neck triangle swelling mimicking a carotid body tumour. Surgical excision was done, and the histopathological examination reported as ancient schwannoma. We would like to discuss the important differential diagnoses and highlight the possibility of an ancient schwannoma of cervical sympathetic chain masquerading as carotid body tumour. Also, to emphasise the importance of imaging for pre-operative planning and counselling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms
  3. Sampath Kumar A, Arun Maiya G, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Maiya S, Umakanth S
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2018 10 10;13(1):344-348.
    PMID: 30641723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.005
    BACKGROUND: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) means the amount of energy utilized by body in physical and psychological resting rate, after a night sleep, awake without any previous physical activity post meal (10 h after last meal) & neutral environment. In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) there is an increase in BMR which is said to be associated with the level of glycaemic control. So, the objective of the study was to find out the correlation between BMR, Insulin resistance and Visceral fat in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 50 participants with T2DM with peripheral neuropathy were included. Age group of 30-75 years were selected for the study. Participants with a known history of neurological disease, locomotor disability, and pregnancy were excluded from the study. Demographic details of the participants like duration of diabetes mellitus, age, Fasting Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR, Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c), Neuropathy and Blood pressure values were noted. We measured Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) by using Mifflin-St Jeor predictive equation in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the participants is 60.16 ± 10.62. The mean duration of T2DM 13.44 ± 11.92. In the present study we found a statistical significant correlation between BMR and HOMA IR (r = 0.913*; p = 0.000), BMR & Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r = 0.281*; p = 0.048), BMR and Visceral fat (VF) (r = 0.332*; p = 0.018).

    CONCLUSION: Basal metabolic rate is correlated to Homa-IR, visceral fat, fasting blood sugar and musculoskeletal mass among T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/metabolism; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathology*
  4. Nayak SB, Soumya KV
    Anat Cell Biol, 2020 Mar;53(1):114-116.
    PMID: 32274257 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.186
    Nerve to mylohyoid is a branch of inferior alveolar nerve. It arises in the infratemporal fossa and runs in the mylohyoid groove of mandible to reach the submandibular region, where it supplies the anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscles. Though sensory distribution of this nerve have been described, it is predominantly a motor nerve. Here, a rare intra-mandibular origin of nerve to mylohyoid has been presented. This nerve arose from the inferior alveolar nerve inside the mandible and came out to the submandibular region by passing through a small foramen present on the medial surface of the body of the mandible. It ended by supplying the anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscles. The knowledge of this variation could be of importance to maxillofacial surgeons and radiologists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System
  5. Raja J, Balaikerisnan T, Ramanaidu LP, Goh KJ
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2021 Mar;24(3):347-354.
    PMID: 33432774 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.14042
    AIM: The reported prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is variable between 0.01% to 28%, probably due to differences in sample size, study design and population. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of large fiber peripheral neuropathy in SSc and to identify any contributing factors.

    METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study of 60 SSc patients were evaluated for large fiber neuropathy using the modified clinical Total Neuropathy Score (cTNS) and nerve conduction study (NCS) of the upper and lower limbs. A combination of clinical (cTNS score ≥ 2) and NCS criteria (≥2 abnormal nerves including 1 sural [symmetrical polyneuropathy] and NCS abnormalities consistent with individual nerves/nerve roots [focal neuropathy]) was used to diagnose peripheral neuropathy.

    RESULTS: The majority had limited cutaneous subset (75%). Mean age was 55.73 (SD ± 13.04) years and mean disease duration was 8.61 (SD ± 8.09) years. Twenty-two (36.7%) had combined clinical and NCS criteria for peripheral neuropathy, 14 (23.3%) with symmetrical polyneuropathy and 8 (13.3%) with focal neuropathy. Symmetrical polyneuropathy patients had significantly lower hemoglobin levels (11.2 vs. 12.35 g/L; P = .047). Serum vitamin B12 levels were normal, therefore excluding vitamin B12 deficiency. No other associations were found for both polyneuropathy and focal neuropathy with demography, co-morbid diseases and SSc disease factors such as Raynaud's phenomenon and modified Rodnan skin score.

    CONCLUSION: Large fiber neuropathy is common in SSc patients, which could contribute to non-lethal burden in SSc with sensory loss and muscle weakness. Apart from lower hemoglobin in polyneuropathy, there were no associations with disease-specific features or co-morbid diseases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology
  6. Low ET, Loh TG
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Jun;42(2):113-4.
    PMID: 2845234
    A patient with organophosphate poisoning who survived the acute phase and subsequently developed delayed neuropathy is presented. The features of this form of delayed neuropathy are described and the implications in our local context discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced*
  7. Deva JP
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Mar;30(3):201-6.
    PMID: 183087
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology
  8. Tay CG, Lee VWM, Ong LC, Goh KJ, Ariffin H, Fong CY
    Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2017 Aug;64(8).
    PMID: 28139029 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26471
    BACKGROUND: Vincristine, an essential component of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) therapeutic protocols, is associated with dose-dependent neurotoxicity, but its long-term morbidity in treated children has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) among Malaysian childhood ALL survivors and its impact on motor function and quality of life.

    PROCEDURE: Survivors of childhood ALL aged 4-18 years who had completed chemotherapy for 2 years or more were evaluated for VIPN using both the clinical Total Neuropathy Score (cTNS) and nerve conduction studies. Motor function and quality of life of the survivors were assessed via the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Brief Form, Second Edition (BOT-2 Brief Form) and the Paediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL4.0) questionnaire, respectively.

    RESULTS: One hundred and one survivors with a duration of follow-up ranging from 2.0 to 10.3 years were recruited. Twenty-seven (26.7%) had abnormal cTNS scores and 69 (68.3%) had electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy. Of these, 16 (15.8%) had combined clinical and electrophysiological neuropathy (VIPN). Those previously treated on the intermediate- or high-risk treatment stratification arms had a higher risk of developing VIPN (67.3 vs. 32.7%; odds ratio [OR]: 9.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-71.86; P = 0.014). Survivors with VIPN had significantly lower quality of life scores in the physical (P = 0.024) and social domains (P = 0.039) compared with peers without VIPN, but no association with poorer motor function was observed.

    CONCLUSIONS: Sixteen percent of ALL survivors had VIPN. VIPN should be increasingly recognised as a late effect of chemotherapy, as it significantly affects physical and social function quality of life.

    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced*; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology
  9. Fu TL, Ong KC, Tan SH, Wong KT
    J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 2019 12 01;78(12):1160-1170.
    PMID: 31675093 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz103
    Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a known CNS viral infection that often involves the thalamus early. To investigate the possible role of sensory peripheral nervous system (PNS) in early neuroinvasion, we developed a left hindlimb footpad-inoculation mouse model to recapitulate human infection by a mosquito bite. A 1-5 days postinfection (dpi) study, demonstrated focal viral antigens/RNA in contralateral thalamic neurons at 3 dpi in 50% of the animals. From 4 to 5 dpi, gradual increase in viral antigens/RNA was observed in bilateral thalami, somatosensory, and piriform cortices, and then the entire CNS. Infection of neuronal bodies and adjacent nerves in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), trigeminal ganglia, and autonomic ganglia (intestine, etc.) was also observed from 5 dpi. Infection of explant organotypic whole brain slice cultures demonstrated no viral predilection for the thalamus, while DRG and intestinal ganglia organotypic cultures confirmed sensory and autonomic ganglia susceptibility to infection, respectively. Early thalamus and sensory-associated cortex involvement suggest an important role for sensory pathways in neuroinvasion. Our results suggest that JE virus neuronotropism is much more extensive than previously known, and that the sensory PNS and autonomic system are susceptible to infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System/pathology; Peripheral Nervous System/virology*
  10. Shahrizaila N, Lehmann HC, Kuwabara S
    Lancet, 2021 03 27;397(10280):1214-1228.
    PMID: 33647239 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00517-1
    Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. Most patients present with an antecedent illness, most commonly upper respiratory tract infection, before the onset of progressive motor weakness. Several microorganisms have been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, most notably Campylobacter jejuni, Zika virus, and in 2020, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In C jejuni-related Guillain-Barré syndrome, there is good evidence to support an autoantibody-mediated immune process that is triggered by molecular mimicry between structural components of peripheral nerves and the microorganism. Making a diagnosis of so-called classical Guillain-Barré syndrome is straightforward; however, the existing diagnostic criteria have limitations and can result in some variants of the syndrome being missed. Most patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome do well with immunotherapy, but a substantial proportion are left with disability, and death can occur. Results from the International Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outcome Study suggest that geographical variations exist in Guillain-Barré syndrome, including insufficient access to immunotherapy in low-income countries. There is a need to provide improved access to treatment for all patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and to develop effective disease-modifying therapies that can limit the extent of nerve injury. Clinical trials are currently underway to investigate some of the potential therapeutic candidates, including complement inhibitors, which, together with emerging data from large international collaborative studies on the syndrome, will contribute substantially to understanding the many facets of this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
  11. Kimura K, Yokoyama K, Sato H, Nordin RB, Naing L, Kimura S, et al.
    Ind Health, 2005 Apr;43(2):285-94.
    PMID: 15895843
    We examined the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system in the setting of a tobacco farm at a developing country. Maximal motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MCV and SCV, respectively) in the median, sural and tibial nerves, postural sway, and brain-evoked potentials (auditory event-related and visual-evoked potentials) were measured in 80 male tobacco farmers and age- and sex-matched 40 controls in Kelantan, Malaysia. Median SCV (finger-wrist) in farmers using Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate fungicide), who showed significant decrease of serum cholinesterase activities, were significantly lower compared with the controls. Sural SCV in farmers using Fastac (alpha-cypermethrin, pyrethroid insecticide) and median MCV (elbow-wrist) in farmers using Tamex (butralin, dinitroaniline herbicide) were significantly slowed compared with their respective controls. In Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate) users, the power of postural sway of 0-1 Hz was significantly larger than that in the controls both in the anterior-posterior direction with eyes open and in the right-left direction with eyes closed. The former type of sway was also significantly increased in Tamaron (methamidophos, organophosphorus insecticide) users. In conclusion, nerve conduction velocities and postural sway seem to be sensitive indicators of the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System/physiopathology*
  12. Baba R, Razak M
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53 Suppl A:42-51.
    PMID: 10968182
    Out of 218 fractures of humeral shaft treated in the department, 23 (10.5%) of them developed non-union. 14/23 (60.9%) fracture were located in middle third. Transverse (52.2%), short oblique (17.4%) and comminuted fracture (13.0%) constituted about 82% of all initial fracture pattern. Twelve cases (52.5%) were initially treated with hanging cast. Radial nerve palsy occurred in 4/23 (17.4%) of patient and all of them located at lower third of humerus and only one recovered after eight weeks of injury. Factors such as middle third comminuted opened fractures, soft tissue interposition, improper immobilization and poor patient compliance were found to be directly associated with the non-union. All non-unions healed following plating and bone grafting. Overall 17/23 patient (74%) had good results, 4/23 (17%) fair and 2/23 (9%) with poor functional results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology
  13. Khan K, Khan AH, Sulaiman SA, Soo CT, Akhtar A
    Jpn J Infect Dis, 2016;69(1):56-9.
    PMID: 26073728 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2014.246
    In the current study we explored the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiretroviral therapy among human immune-deficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients. We concluded an observational retrospective study in all patients who were diagnosed with HIV infection and were receiving highly active antiviral therapy from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012 at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Patient socio-demographic details along with clinical features and susceptible ADRs were observed during the study period. Out of 743 patients, 571 (76.9%) were men, and 172 (23.1%) were women. Overall 314 (42.2%) patients experienced ADRs. A total of 425 ADRs were reported, with 311 (73.1%) occurring in men and 114 (26.8%) in women, with a significant statistical relationship (P value (P) = 0.02, OR = 1.21). Overall 239 (56.2%) ADRs were recorded among Chinese, 94 (22.1%) in Malay, and 71 (16.7%) in Indian patients, which had a statistically significant association with ADRs (P = 0.05, OR = 1.50). Out of a total 425 among ADRs, lipodystrophy was recorded in 151 (35.5%) followed by skin rashes in 80 (18.8%), anemia in 74 (17.4%), and peripheral neuropathy in 27 (6.3%) patients. These findings suggest a need of intensive monitoring of ADRs in HIV treatment centres across Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
  14. Awis Qarni F, Tai E, Wh WH, Husin A
    Cureus, 2018 May 29;10(5):e2708.
    PMID: 30062082 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2708
    Neurolymphomatosis is an atypical complication of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukaemia involving infiltration of neurotropic neoplastic cells in the central or peripheral nervous system. A 28-year-old Malay lady with background diffuse large B-cell lymphoma stage IV presented with left homonymous hemianopia associated with cognitive function deterioration. Her best corrected visual acuity was 6/9 in both eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a lesion suggestive of secondary lymphomatous infiltration of the splenium of corpus callosum. The patient underwent chemotherapy, after which repeated MRI showed a reduction in the lesion size. Homonymous hemianopia is a rare presentation of secondary central nervous system neurolymphomatosis. A comprehensive history, physical examination, and radiological imaging are essential to establish the diagnosis in patients presenting with visual field defects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System
  15. Wong WL, Valliappan VN, Leong MC, Aminudin SNA, Chew SCJ, Cheong AT
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Delayed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) increases the risk of presenting late with microvas- cular complications due to untreated long-standing hyperglycaemia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microvascular complications in newly diagnosed T2D patients in primary healthcare clinics.
    Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in three government primary healthcare clinics in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian aged 18 years and above with newly diagnosed T2D (<6 months of diagnosis) were invited to participate in the study. Data collected included the sociodemographic characteristic and the clinical profile (weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid, glycaemic, urine albumin, microalbuminuria and renal profile). The assessment of nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy were performed using standard protocol. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant factors that contribute to the presence of microvascular complications.
    Results: A total of 162 newly diagnosed patients were recruited. The majority was women (64%). The mean age was 51 (SD 11) years. About one-third of the patients (27.7%) had developed at least one microvascular complication. Nephropathy was the commonest microvascular complication (19.2%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (8.6%) and retinopathy (6.5%). Poor glycaemic control was found to be a significant factor contributing to the presence of microvascular complications (OR 5.8, 95%CI:1.466, 23.288).
    Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of microvascular complications among the newly diagnosed T2D. There is a need to develop appropriate strategies to increase the awareness and early detection of T2D.
    Study site: three Klinik Kesihatan, Selangor, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
  16. Nawfar SA, Yacob NB
    Singapore Med J, 2011 Sep;52(9):669-72.
    PMID: 21947144
    INTRODUCTION: Peripheral diabetic neuropathy, which is a cause of increasing morbidity and mortality following foot ulcers and amputations, is a burden to health and the economy. Various adjunct treatments to improve neuropathy have been introduced into the market; one such treatment is monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) therapy, which claimed to produce promising results. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MIRE on diabetic feet with peripheral neuropathy.
    METHODS: A randomised controlled, single-blinded study was conducted at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from February 2008 to October 2008. A total of 30 feet from 24 patients were studied. Neuropathy was screened using the Michigan neuropathy scoring instrument, followed by an assessment of the current perception threshold using a neurometer at frequencies of 2,000 Hz, 250 Hz and 5 Hz. The feet were randomised to receive either daily MIRE or sham treatment for a total of 12 treatments. Each foot was then reassessed using the neurometer at six weeks and three months following treatment.
    RESULTS: The data obtained was analysed using a non-parametric test to compare the pre- and post-treatment groups. No significant difference was found between the neuropathic foot of diabetic patients in both the MIRE and sham groups.
    CONCLUSION: No improvement of neuropathy was observed following MIRE treatment in the neuropathic feet of diabetic patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
  17. Wan Ghazali WS, Mohammad N, Ismail AM
    Arch Rheumatol, 2017 Jun;32(2):171-174.
    PMID: 30375559 DOI: 10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2017.6108
    This article aims to report a case of a young female patient with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis complicated with pulmonary renal syndrome, multiple relapses, and who later developed venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary renal syndrome is a well- recognized and lethal complication; however, incidence of venous thromboembolism has not been well-described. In this article, we described a 38-year-old Malay female patient admitted in 2008 with three-month history of peripheral neuropathy of lower limbs and right ankle ulcers. Initial inflammatory markers were high and perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies were positive. She was diagnosed as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis and started on intravenous methylprednisolone with methotrexate. She presented with relapse of skin vasculitis complicated with pulmonary renal syndrome after being stable for one year. She was intubated and proceeded with plasmapheresis and hemodialysis. She completed six cycles of cyclophosphamide. Renal biopsy revealed chronic changes consistent with end stage renal disease. She further relapsed in 2011 with nasal blockage, epistaxis, and nasal deviation. Chest X-ray revealed lung nodules. Prednisolone was increased, her symptoms settled, and she was discharged with azathioprine. She was readmitted at the end of the same year due to two-day history of right deep vein thrombosis and she later succumbed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
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