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Fulltext Designing the next generation of implementation research training for learners in low- and middle-income countries

Penkunas MJ, Chong SY, Rhule ELM, Berdou E, Allotey P

Global Health, 2021 06 21;17(1):63.
PMID: 34154605 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00714-3

Efficacious health interventions tested through controlled trials often fail to show desired impacts when implemented at scale. These challenges can be particularly pervasive in low- and middle-income settings where health systems often lack the capacity and mechanisms required for high-quality research and evidence translation. Implementation research is a powerful tool for identifying and addressing the bottlenecks impeding the success of proven health interventions. Implementation research training initiatives, although growing in number, remain out of reach for many investigators in low- and middle-income settings, who possess the knowledge required to contextualize challenges and potential solutions in light of interacting community- and system-level features. We propose a realigned implementation research training model that centers on team-based learning, tailored didactic opportunities, learning-by-doing, and mentorship.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Parametric and non-parametric convergence analysis of electricity intensity in developed and developing countries

Solarin SA

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 Mar;26(9):8552-8574.
PMID: 30706273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04225-y

This paper examines the pattern of convergence in electricity intensity in a sample of 79 countries. We apply the residual augmented least squares regression to the convergence of energy intensity. This method has been used in the convergence of per capita energy consumption but not convergence of energy intensity. Furthermore, in contrast to the previous studies which mainly used the conventional beta convergence approach to examine conditional convergence, we use a beta convergence method that is capable of identifying the actual number of countries that contribute to conditional convergence. The sigma and gamma convergences of electricity intensity are also examined. In addition to the full sample of countries, we also examine convergence in African countries, Asian and Oceanic countries, American countries and European countries, separately. Convergences in OECD and non-OECD countries are also examined, separately. In the full sample, the results show convergence exists in 54% of the countries in the total sample. There is convergence in 65% of the African countries, 61% of the American countries, 43% of the Asian and Oceanic countries and 33% of the European countries. In terms of the regional classification, it is also observed that convergence exists for 58% of the non-OECD countries and 31% of the OECD countries. There is evidence for sigma convergence in all the blocs with the exception of European and non-OECD countries. With the exception of African countries, there is evidence for gamma convergence in all the countries and the various blocs. The policy implications of the results are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Fulltext A scoping review of digital workplace wellness interventions in low- and middle-income countries

Thai YC, Sim D, McCaffrey TA, Ramadas A, Malini H, Watterson JL

PLoS One, 2023;18(2):e0282118.
PMID: 36854022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282118

INTRODUCTION: Digital technology-based interventions have gained popularity over the last two decades, due to the ease with which they are scalable and low in implementation cost. Multicomponent health promotion programmes, with significant digital components, are increasingly being deployed in the workplace to assess and promote employees' health behaviours and reduce risk of chronic diseases. However, little is known about workplace digital health interventions in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs).
METHODS: Various combinations of keywords related to "digital health", "intervention", "workplace" and "developing country" were applied in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed articles in English language. Manual searches were performed to supplement the database search. The screening process was conducted in two phases and a narrative synthesis to summarise the data. The review protocol was written prior to undertaking the review (OSF Registry:10.17605/OSF.IO/QPR9J).
RESULTS: The search strategy identified 10,298 publications, of which 24 were included. Included studies employed the following study designs: randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 12), quasi-experimental (n = 4), pilot studies (n = 4), pre-post studies (n = 2) and cohort studies (n = 2). Most of the studies reported positive feedback of the use of digital wellness interventions in workplace settings.
CONCLUSIONS: This review is the first to map and describe the impact of digital wellness interventions in the workplace in LMICs. Only a small number of studies met the inclusion criteria. Modest evidence was found that digital workplace wellness interventions were feasible, cost-effective, and acceptable. However, long-term, and consistent effects were not found, and further studies are needed to provide more evidence. This scoping review identified multiple digital health interventions in LMIC workplace settings and highlighted a few important research gaps.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Poverty related diseases amongst Malaysia's low-income community: a review

Abu Bakar N, Sahimin N, Lim YAL, Ibrahim K, Mohd Zain SN

Trop Biomed, 2023 Mar 01;40(1):65-75.
PMID: 37356005 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.1.013

Poverty, as proven by several studies, is a driving force behind poor health and hygiene practices. This review attempts to outline common communicable and non-communicable diseases that disproportionately affect Malaysia's 2.91 million low-income households. The current study also looks into the government's housing and healthcare programmes for this demographic to improve their health and well-being. The initial examination yielded incredibly little research on this marginalised community, with event reporting typically generalised to the Malaysian community as a whole rather than analysing disease incidences based on household income, which would better reflect povertydriven diseases. As a result, there is an acute need for more accurate information on the epidemiology of diseases among the poor in order to address this public health issue and provide conclusions that can drive policy designs.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Fulltext Postoperative mortality in Africa: are there any improvements in the last decade?

Awuah WA, Ng JC, Nazir A, Tenkorang PO, Yarlagadda R, Kalmanovich J, et al.

Int J Surg, 2023 May 01;109(5):1080-1082.
PMID: 36927691 DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000125
Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
3D printing in surgery: revolutionizing trauma and fracture care in low and middle-income countries

Awuah WA, Tenkorang PO, Adebusoye FT, Ng JC, Wellington J, Abdul-Rahman T, et al.

Postgrad Med J, 2023 Dec 21;100(1179):1-3.
PMID: 37857514 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad100
Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Fulltext Rationale and protocol paper for the Asia Pacific Network for inherited eye diseases

Wong WM, Tham YC, Simunovic MP, Chen FK, Luu CD, Chen H, et al.

Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2024;13(1):100030.
PMID: 38233300 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2023.100030

PURPOSE: There are major gaps in our knowledge of hereditary ocular conditions in the Asia-Pacific population, which comprises approximately 60% of the world's population. Therefore, a concerted regional effort is urgently needed to close this critical knowledge gap and apply precision medicine technology to improve the quality of lives of these patients in the Asia-Pacific region.
DESIGN: Multi-national, multi-center collaborative network.
METHODS: The Research Standing Committee of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and the Asia-Pacific Society of Eye Genetics fostered this research collaboration, which brings together renowned institutions and experts for inherited eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. The immediate priority of the network will be inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), where there is a lack of detailed characterization of these conditions and in the number of established registries.
RESULTS: The network comprises 55 members from 35 centers, spanning 12 countries and regions, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. The steering committee comprises ophthalmologists with experience in consortia for eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region, leading ophthalmologists and vision scientists in the field of IRDs internationally, and ophthalmic geneticists.
CONCLUSIONS: The Asia Pacific Inherited Eye Disease (APIED) network aims to (1) improve genotyping capabilities and expertise to increase early and accurate genetic diagnosis of IRDs, (2) harmonise deep phenotyping practices and utilization of ontological terms, and (3) establish high-quality, multi-user, federated disease registries that will facilitate patient care, genetic counseling, and research of IRDs regionally and internationally.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Fulltext International consensus recommendations for the optimal prioritisation and distribution of surgical services in low-income and middle-income countries: a modified Delphi process

Henry JA, Reyes AM, Ameh E, Yip CH, Nthumba P, Mehes M, et al.

BMJ Open, 2023 Jan 24;13(1):e062687.
PMID: 36693687 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062687

OBJECTIVES: To develop consensus statements regarding the regional-level or district-level distribution of surgical services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and prioritisation of service scale-up.
DESIGN: This work was conducted using a modified Delphi consensus process. Initial statements were developed by the International Standards and Guidelines for Quality Safe Surgery and Anesthesia Working Group of the Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma and Anesthesia Care (G4 Alliance) and the International Society of Surgery based on previously published literature and clinical expertise. The Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies framework was applied.
SETTING: The Working Group convened in Suva, Fiji for a meeting hosted by the Ministry of Health and Medical Services to develop the initial statements. Local experts were invited to participate. The modified Delphi process was conducted through an electronically administered anonymised survey.
PARTICIPANTS: Expert LMIC surgeons were nominated for participation in the modified Delphi process based on criteria developed by the Working Group.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The consensus panel voted on statements regarding the organisation of surgical services, principles for scale-up and prioritisation of scale-up. Statements reached consensus if there was ≥80% agreement among participants.
RESULTS: Fifty-three nominated experts from 27 LMICs voted on 27 statements in two rounds. Ultimately, 26 statements reached consensus and comprise the current recommendations. The statements covered three major themes: which surgical services should be decentralised or regionalised; how the implementation of these services should be prioritised; and principles to guide LMIC governments and international visiting teams in scaling up safe, accessible and affordable surgical care.
CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations represent the first step towards the development of international guidelines for the scaling up of surgical services in LMICs. They constitute the best available basis for policymaking, planning and allocation of resources for strengthening surgical systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Fulltext Innovations in capture fisheries are an imperative for nutrition security in the developing world

Hall SJ, Hilborn R, Andrew NL, Allison EH

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2013 May 21;110(21):8393-8.
PMID: 23671089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208067110

This article examines two strands of discourse on wild capture fisheries; one that focuses on resource sustainability and environmental impacts, another related to food and nutrition security and human well-being. Available data and research show that, for countries most dependent on fish to meet the nutritional requirements of their population, wild capture fisheries remain the dominant supplier. Although, contrary to popular narratives, the sustainability of these fisheries is not always and everywhere in crisis, securing their sustainability is essential and requires considerable effort across a broad spectrum of fishery systems. An impediment to achieving this is that the current research and policy discourses on environmental sustainability of fisheries and food security remain only loosely and superficially linked. Overcoming this requires adoption of a broader sustainability science paradigm to help harness synergies and negotiate tradeoffs between food security, resource conservation, and macroeconomic development goals. The way society chooses to govern fisheries is, however, an ethical choice, not just a technical one, and we recommend adding an ethical dimension to sustainability science as applied to fisheries.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries/economics*
Fulltext Successes and obstacles in implementing social health insurance in developing and middle-income countries: A scoping review of 5-year recent literatures

Jamal MH, Abdul Aziz AF, Aizuddin AN, Aljunid SM

Front Public Health, 2022;10:918188.
PMID: 36388320 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.918188

Social health insurance (SHI) is a form of health finance mechanism that had been implemented in many countries to achieve universal health care (UHC). To emulate the successes of SHI in many developed countries, many developing and middle-income countries (MICs) have attempted to follow suit. However, the SHI implementation has problems and obstacles. Many more obstacles were observed despite some successes. This scoping review aimed to study the various developments of SHI globally in its uses, implementation, successes, and obstacles within the last 5 years from 2017 to 2021. Using three databases (i.e., PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar), we reviewed all forms of articles on SHI, including gray literature. The PRISMA-ScR protocol was adapted as the guideline. We used the following search terms: social health insurance, national health insurance, and community health insurance. A total of 57,686 articles were screened, and subsequently, 46 articles were included in the final review. Results showed that the majority of SHI studies were in China and African countries, both of which were actively pursuing SHI programs to achieve UHC. China was still regarded as a developing country. There were also recent experiences from other Asian countries, but only a few from South America. Implementing SHI to achieve UHC was desirable but will need to consider several factors and issues. This was especially the case in developing and MICs. Eventually, full UHC would only be possible with a combination of general taxation and SHI.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Miscellaneous notes concerning a partly developed region

Portelly J

Malayan Medical Journal, 1934;9:49-52.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries
Fulltext Managing Sabah's security: dilemma and reality

Suhaili Abdul Rahman, Kamarulnizam Abdullah

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(5):55-67.
MyJurnal

As one of the states within the Federation of Malaysia, Sabah has inherited the characteristics of a
developing country’s security management. The threats are not only driven by external but also from
internal sources. As such, this article analyzes threats to Sabah's security predicaments. By using the
National Security Theory of Developing Countries and Securitization Theory as the basis for
discussion, the article explores and discusses how Sabah's security management have been influenced
by several variables such as local political influences, federal-state relations, and societal’s state
loyalty. The article concludes that Sabah’s security threats have been securitised by local political and
community leaders. But, the success of securitising the threats depend on how security actors at the
federal level are convinced with the omnipresent threats.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries
Fulltext Adapting Cancer Civil Society Organizations to Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccinations in People Living With Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries-A Commentary

Munisamy M, Ndoh K, Abdelbadee A, Espejo I, Manjuh F, Tamas A, et al.

JCO Glob Oncol, 2021 07;7:1194-1198.
PMID: 34292779 DOI: 10.1200/GO.21.00195
Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries
Financial development and sectoral CO2 emissions in Malaysia

Maji IK, Habibullah MS, Saari MY

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Mar;24(8):7160-7176.
PMID: 28097481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8326-1

The paper examines the impacts of financial development on sectoral carbon emissions (CO2) for environmental quality in Malaysia. Since the financial sector is considered as one of the sectors that will contribute to Malaysian economy to become a developed country by 2020, we utilize a cointegration method to investigate how financial development affects sectoral CO2 emissions. The long-run results reveal that financial development increases CO2 emissions from the transportation and oil and gas sector and reduces CO2 emissions from manufacturing and construction sectors. However, the elasticity of financial development is not significant in explaining CO2 emissions from the agricultural sector. The results for short-run elasticities were also consistent with the long-run results. We conclude that generally, financial development increases CO2 emissions and reduces environmental quality in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries
Economics of health informatics in developing countries

Hébert RJ

Stud Health Technol Inform, 2011;164:162-7.
PMID: 21335705

Health Informatics (HI) has become a world wide issue since 2005 when the WHO Health Metrics Network (HMN) was formed to encourage all of the developing countries (151) to get started in eHealth. Prior to this HMN initiative the only countries with HI in place were the developed countries (40) and a few developing countries (Jamaica, Malaysia, etc.) that were just getting started in HI with a very limited number of applications compared to the developed countries. This paper suggests that much of the experience in HI gained in the developed countries can be shared with the developing countries as 'lessons learnt' - as long as the issue of economics is kept front and foremost in the planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Fulltext Author's Response: Regarding the Relative Importance of Demographic, Socioeconomic and Health Factors on Life Expectancy in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

Mondal MN, Shitan M

J Epidemiol, 2015;25(6):460.
PMID: 25986157 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20150046
Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data*
Voluntary Service Overseas

Halling E

Nurs Times, 1972 Aug 3;68(31):976-7.
PMID: 5044373
Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
An ecological study of the relationship between urban built environment and cardiovascular hospital admissions (2004-2016) in an Asian developing country

Kwan SC, Ismail R, Ismail NH, Mohamed N

Soc Sci Med, 2021 05;276:113868.
PMID: 33799201 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113868

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between urban built environment and hospital admissions from cardiovascular diseases in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Hospital admission data from 2004 to 2016 for cardiovascular diseases were used with patient residential postcodes as the unit of analysis. Data was split into 2004-2009 (12,551 cases) and 2010-2016 (17,154 cases) periods corresponding to land use data. We used generalized linear mixed model to analyse population density, property value, entropy index, and the kernel density (800 m) of specific land use, bus and rail stations, and road junctions, with time period and postcodes as the random effects to generate incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results indicated that entropy index and recreational area density were associated with fewer hypertensive disease and ischemic heart disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 0.49-0.68, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.97). Population density and property value were associated with fewer cerebrovascular disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 0.29-0.34, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.75). Contrarily, density of road junctions was associated with 2.5-6.3 times more hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 2.53-6.34, 95%CI: 1.07,17.91). There were no significant association between hospital admission and density of residential area, undeveloped land, rail and bus stations. The shapes of relationships for all attributes were non-linear, and changed markedly at the third quartile except for recreational area density. The findings suggest that land use attributes have some protective effects on the cardiovascular disease admission cases as compared to the transport attributes. These findings have important merits for integrating health into urban planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Policy implications of health changes in rapidly developing countries: the case of Malaysia

Harlan WR, Harlan LC, Oii WL

J Public Health Policy, 1984 Dec;5(4):563-72.
PMID: 6526940
Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*
Nutraceutical regulations: An opportunity in ASEAN countries

Tripathi C, Girme A, Champaneri S, Patel RJ, Hingorani L

Nutrition, 2020 06;74:110729.
PMID: 32203878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110729

In today's era of increased standards of lifestyle and life expectancy, there has been a constant demand for supplements by consumers. Nutraceuticals are among the supplements in demand. Although there is a big opportunity for the nutraceutical business, there are no uniform regulatory requirements in different regions. Nations are looking to the nutraceutical sector to help keep their populations healthy and safe by introducing certain rules and regulations. Generally, developed countries have regulations in place, but there are some countries, such as those in the Asia Pacific regions or in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, that have not yet fine-tuned their regulations for nutraceutical products. The ASEAN countries involve highly commercialized markets such as Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The overall nutraceutical market of ASEAN countries is growing at a compound annual growth rate of ∼8.4%. About 40% of the ASEAN population consumes nutraceuticals on a daily basis. ASEAN countries are forming harmonized regulations for dietary supplements. This could be a big opportunity for manufacturers to introduce their products into the ASEAN market. A special unit of the Traditional Medicine and Health Supplements Product Working Group (TMHA PWG) helps manufacturers understand the regulatory procedures of these countries. Despite countries' own special requirements, manufacturers can follow the standards and harmonized guidelines put forth by TMHA PWG. The aim of this review is to introduce the regulatory procedure and requirements for international business developers to launch any new nutraceutical products into the ASEAN market.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

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