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Fulltext Combination of Pyridoxine and Thiamine Treatment in Bilateral Induced Ptosis in a Child: Case Report and Review of Literature

Chai KS, Norsarwany M, Shatriah I

Cureus, 2017 Aug 16;9(8):e1573.
PMID: 29057185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1573

Ptosis is a rare side effect of vincristine chemotherapy in patients treated for cancer. We report a case of a child with common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed bilateral moderate ptosis following the chemotherapy protocol of the United Kingdom Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) regimen A. The patient showed dramatic clinical improvement after a combination of oral pyridoxine and thiamine treatment. We provide a literature review of this uncommon presentation.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma
Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in countries of Southeast Asia compared to the USA, the Caribbean and Africa

Ablashi D, Chatlynne L, Cooper H, Thomas D, Yadav M, Norhanom AW, et al.

Br. J. Cancer, 1999 Nov;81(5):893-7.
PMID: 10555764

Seroprevalence of HHV-8 has been studied in Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Trinidad, Jamaica and the USA, in both healthy individuals and those infected with HIV. Seroprevalence was found to be low in these countries in both the healthy and the HIV-infected populations. This correlates with the fact that hardly any AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma has been reported in these countries. In contrast, the African countries of Ghana, Uganda and Zambia showed high seroprevalences in both healthy and HIV-infected populations. This suggests that human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) may be either a recently introduced virus or one that has extremely low infectivity. Nasopharyngeal and oral carcinoma patients from Malaysia, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka who have very high EBV titres show that only 3/82 (3.7%) have antibody to HHV-8, demonstrating that there is little, if any, cross-reactivity between antibodies to these two gamma viruses.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/epidemiology
Immunophenotyping pediatric leukemias in Kelantan, Malaysia

Menon BS, Dasgupta A, Jackson N

Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 1998 Mar-Apr;15(2):175-8.
PMID: 9592844

This study reviewed the immunophenotyping results of children with acute leukemia in Kelantan, Malaysia. In the 3.5-year period (January 1994 to June 1997), 45 cases were identified. All children were under the age of 12 years and the predominant ethnic group was Malay. Thirty-six cases (80%) were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 9 cases (20%) were acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Of the ALL cases, 3% were of B-cell and 22% of T-cell origin, and 96% of the B-lineage ALL were CD10 positive. All the AML cases expressed CD33 and 78% were positive for CD13. The incidence of mixed-lineage leukemias was 13.8% for My+ ALL and 11.1% for Ly+ AML.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
Fulltext Inhibitory activities of microalgal extracts against Epstein-Barr virus DNA release from lymphoblastoid cells

Kok YY, Chu WL, Phang SM, Mohamed SM, Naidu R, Lai PJ, et al.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2011 May;12(5):335-45.
PMID: 21528487 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1000336

This study aimed to assess the inhibitory activities of methanol extracts from the microalgae Ankistrodesmus convolutus, Synechococcus elongatus, and Spirulina platensis against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in three Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, namely Akata, B95-8, and P3HR-1. The antiviral activity was assessed by quantifying the cell-free EBV DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The methanol extracts from Ankistrodesmus convolutus and Synechococcus elongatus displayed low cytotoxicity and potent effect in reducing cell-free EBV DNA (EC(50)<0.01 µg/ml) with a high therapeutic index (>28000). After fractionation by column chromatography, the fraction from Synechococcus elongatus (SEF1) reduced the cell-free EBV DNA most effectively (EC(50)=2.9 µg/ml, therapeutic index>69). Upon further fractionation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the sub-fraction SEF1'a was most active in reducing the cell-free EBV DNA (EC(50)=1.38 µg/ml, therapeutic index>14.5). This study suggests that microalgae could be a potential source of antiviral compounds that can be used against EBV.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy; Burkitt Lymphoma/virology
Oral extranodal non Hodgkin's lymphoma: series of forty two cases in Malaysia

Ramanathan A, Mahmoud HA, Hui LP, Mei NY, Valliappan V, Zain RB

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(4):1633-7.
PMID: 24641380

BACKGROUND: Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue classified into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's types. It mostly affects lymph nodes although a considerable proportion of Non-Hodgkin's cases occur in extranodal sites.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selected cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during the period of 1980 to 2012 were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The sections from the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were stained with H and E as well as with LCA, CD20, and CD3.
RESULTS: The mean age was 41.6 years with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. Out of the forty two cases, nineteen were Malays, eighteen were Chinese, followed by Indians (3) and Indonesians (2). The most common site of involvement was the mandible (22.2%), followed by the maxilla and palate (19.4% each). Most of the lesions presented as a painless progressive swelling. Only thirty six cases were further subdivided into B or T cell types. The majority were B-cell type (26 cases), of these 6 cases were Burkitt's lymphomas. Only ten cases were T-cell lymphoma, with three cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma.
CONCLUSIONS: In this series of 42 patients diagnosed as extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the lesions appeared as painless swellings, mostly in men with the mandible as the most frequent site of involvement. Majority were B-cell lymphomas with Malays and Chinese being equally affected whereas lymphomas were rare in the Indian ethnicity. T-cell lymphomas were found to be common in the Chinese ethnic group.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology*
Expression of the Class II and III Beta-Tubulin in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lymphoid Tissues

Binti Yusof NS, Ameli F, Sabrina Florence Ch, Mustangin M, Abd Rahman F, Masir N

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2017 04 01;18(4):1045-1050.
PMID: 28547939

Aim: Abnormal expression patterns of beta-tubulin isotypes may provide a molecular rationale for the behaviour
of lymphoma subtypes. In the present study class II and III beta-tubulin expression was assessed in non-neoplastic and
neoplastic lymphoid tissues with reference to potential utility as new tumour biomarkers. Methods and results: In this
cross-sectional study class II and III beta-tubulin expression was assessed in 304 neoplastic and 20 normal lymphoid
tissues using qualitative and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. Class II beta-tubulin was found to be positive in
the germinal centres, mantle zone and interfollicular regions of normal lymphoid tissues. It was also expressed in 15/15
(100%) lymphoblastic lymphomas, 229/231 (99%) mature B cell lymphomas, 22/22 (100%) T/NK-cell lymphomas and
36/36(100%) classical Hodgkin lymphomas. Class III beta-tubulin in contrast was germinal centre restricted and more
selective, being found mainly in classical Hodgkin lymphomas (34/36 (94%)). It was also expressed in 58/171(34%)
DLBCL, 11/12 (92%) mantle cell lymphomas and 6/6 (100%) Burkitt lymphomas. Other mature B cell, T/NK cell
lymphomas and precursor lymphoblastic lymphomas were usually negative. Conclusions: Class II beta-tubulin shows
ubiquitous expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphoisd tissues. In contrast, Class III beta-tubulin is germinal
centre-restricted. Its consistent expression in classical Hodgkin lymphomas may point to use in the identification of
Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells. Its expression in a proportion of DLBCL, Burkitt and mantle cell lymphomas is of
interest as this may be related to their aggressiveness.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 oncogene deletions: correlations with malignancy in Epstein-Barr virus--associated lymphoproliferative disorders and malignant lymphomas

Kingma DW, Weiss WB, Jaffe ES, Kumar S, Frekko K, Raffeld M

Blood, 1996 Jul 01;88(1):242-51.
PMID: 8704180

LMP-1, an Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) latency protein, is considered a viral oncogene because of its ability to transform rodent fibroblasts in vivo and render them tumorigenic in nude mice. In human B cells, EBV LMP-1 induces DNA synthesis and abrogates apoptosis. LMP-1 is expressed in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a subset of Hodgkin's disease (HD), and in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPDs). Recently, focused deletions near the 3' end of the LMP-1 gene (del-LMP-1, amino acids 346-355), in a region functionally related to the half-life to the LMP-1 protein, have been reported frequently in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated HD (100%) and EBV+ Malaysian and Danish peripheral T-cell lymphomas (100%, 61% respectively), but less frequently in cases of HD not associated with HIV (28%, 33%) and infectious mononucleosis (33%). To further investigate the potential relationship of del-LMP-1 to EBV-LPDs associated with immunosuppression or immunodeficiency, we studied 39 EBV-associated lymphoproliferations (10 benign, 29 malignant) from four distinct clinical settings: posttransplant (4 malignant, 1 reactive); HIV+ (18 malignant, 2 reactive); nonimmunodeficiency malignant lymphoma (ML) (7 cases); and sporadic EBV infection with lymphoid hyperplasia (7 cases). The presence of EBV within lymphoid cells was confirmed by EBV EBER1 RNA in situ hybridization or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. EBV strain type and LMP-1 deletion status were determined by PCR. EBV strain types segregated into two distinct distributions: HIV+ (9 A; 11 B) and non-HIV (19 A, 0 B), consistent with previous reports. Overall, del-LMP-1 were found in 1 of 5 (20%) Burkitt lymphomas (BL); 17 of 24 (71%) aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (agg-NHL), and 2 of 10 (20%) reactive lymphoid proliferations. Of the agg-NHLs, del-LMP-1 were present in 4 of 4 PT-ML (100%); 10 of 15 HIV+ ML (67%); and 3 of 5 nonimmunodeficiency malignant lymphoma (ML, 60%). A total of 2 of 7 (28%) sporadic EBV-associated lymphoid hyperplasias contained a del-LMP-1. All del-LMP-1 were identical by DNA sequence analysis. No correlation was identified between the presence of del-LMP-1 and the EBV strain type observed. The high incidence of del-LMP-1 observed in agg-NHLs (71%), in contrast to the relatively low incidence observed in reactive lymphoid proliferations (28%), suggests that the deleted form may be preferentially selected in lymphomatous processes. All posttransplant agg-NHLs contained a del-LMP-1, and a similar frequency of del-LMP-1 was observed in both HIV-associated ML (66%) and nonimmunodeficiency ML (60%), suggesting that impairment of immune function alone is not a requirement for the expansion of malignant cells infected by EBV stains containing the deleted LMP-1 gene.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology; Burkitt Lymphoma/virology