Displaying publications 21 - 37 of 37 in total

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  1. Remote sensing and GIS application for assessment of land suitability potential for agriculture in the IBB governorate, the Republic of Yemen
    Al-Mashreki MH, Akhir JB, Abd Rahim S, Desa KM, Rahman ZA
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2010 Dec 01;13(23):1116-28.
    PMID: 21313888
    In the present study, an assessment of land suitability potential for agriculture in the study area of IBB governorate, Republic of Yemen has been conducted through close examination of the indicators of land characteristics and qualities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the available land resource and produce the potential map of the study area. Remote sensing data help in mapping land resources, especially in mountainous areas where accessibility is limited. Satellite imagery data used for this study includes data from multi-temporal Landsat TM which dated June 2001. The parameters taken into consideration were 16 thematic maps i.e., slope, DEM, rainfall, soil, land use, land degradation as well as land characteristics maps. Satellite image of the study area has been classified for land use, land degradation and soil maps preparation, while topo sheet and ancillary data have been used for slope and DEM maps and soil properties determination. The land potential of the study area was categorized as very high, high, moderate, low and very low by adopting the logical criteria. These categories were arrived at by integrating the various layers with corresponding weights in a Geographical Information System (GIS). The study demonstrates that the study area can be categorized into spatially distributed agriculture potential zones based on the soil properties, terrain characteristics and analyzing present land use. This approach has the potential as a useful tool for guiding policy decision on sustainable land resource management.
  2. Fulltext Metabolomic characterization of colorectal cancer cell lines highlighting stage-specific alterations during cancer progression
    Yusof HM, Ab-Rahim S, Wan Ngah WZ, Nathan S, A Jamal AR, Mazlan M
    Bioimpacts, 2021;11(2):147-156.
    PMID: 33842285 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.22
    Introduction: Metabolomic studies on various colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines have improved our understanding of the biochemical events underlying the disease. However, the metabolic profile dynamics associated with different stages of CRC progression is still lacking. Such information can provide further insights into the pathophysiology and progression of the disease that will prove useful in identifying specific targets for drug designing and therapeutics. Thus, our study aims to characterize the metabolite profiles in the established cell lines corresponding to different stages of CRC. Methods: Metabolite profiling of normal colon cell lines (CCD 841 CoN) and CRC cell lines corresponding to different stages, i.e., SW 1116 (stage A), HT 29 and SW 480 (stage B), HCT 15 and DLD-1 (stage C), and HCT 116 (stage D), was carried out using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Mass Profiler Professional and Metaboanalyst 4.0 software were used for statistical and pathway analysis. METLIN database was used for the identification of metabolites. Results: We identified 72 differential metabolites compared between CRC cell lines of all the stages and normal colon cells. Principle component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis score plot were used to segregate normal and CRC cells, as well as CRC cells in different stages of the disease. Variable importance in projection score identified unique differential metabolites in CRC cells of the different stages. We identified 7 differential metabolites unique to stage A, 3 in stage B, 5 in stage C, and 5 in stage D. Conclusion: This study highlights the differential metabolite profiling in CRC cell lines corresponding to different stages. The identification of the differential metabolites in CRC cells at individual stages will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of CRC development and progression and, hence, its application in treatment strategies.
  3. Fulltext Global serum metabolomics profiling of colorectal cancer
    Hashim NAA, Ab-Rahim S, Suddin LS, Saman MSA, Mazlan M
    Mol Clin Oncol, 2019 Jul;11(1):3-14.
    PMID: 31289671 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1853
    Accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on the use of invasive tools such as colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Non-invasive tools are less sensitive in detecting the disease, particularly in the early stage. A number of researchers have used metabolomics analyses on serum/plasma samples of patients with CRC compared with normal healthy individuals in an effort to identify biomarkers for CRC. The aim of the present review is to compare reported serum metabolomics profiles of CRC and to identify common metabolites affected among these studies. A literature search was performed to include any experimental studies on global metabolomics profile of CRC using serum/plasma samples published up to March 2018. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used to assess the quality of the studies reviewed. In total, nine studies were included. The studies used various analytical platforms and were performed on different populations. A pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the data from all the studies under review. The most affected pathways identified were protein biosynthesis, urea cycle, ammonia recycling, alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and citric acid cycle. The metabolomics analysis revealed levels of metabolites of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaerobic respiration, protein, lipid and glutathione metabolism were significantly different between cancer and control samples. Although the majority of differentiating metabolites identified were different in the different studies, there were several metabolites that were common. These metabolites include pyruvic acid, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, creatinine and ornithine. The consistent dysregulation of these metabolites among the different studies suggest the possibility of common diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
  4. Impact of spatial separation for respiratory patients on emergency department flow process intervals and length of stay
    Noor Azhar AM, Zambri SNA, Bustam A, Abdul Rahim SJ, Ramli A, Poh K
    J Hosp Infect, 2024 Sep;151:92-98.
    PMID: 38908754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.06.001
    BACKGROUND: Spatial separation in emergency departments (EDs) is empirically practised as part of transmission-based precaution. Despite its potential benefits in segregating potentially infectious patients, the effects of spatial separation on patient flow remain uncertain.

    AIM: To explore the impact of spatial separation on ED patient flow and to identify specific clinical factors and flow process intervals (FPIs) influencing ED length of stay (EDLOS).

    METHODS: This was a retrospective study of data extracted from patients' electronic medical records from January 1st to March 31st, 2022 conducted at the ED of a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. During this period, patients were separated into respiratory areas (RA) and non-respiratory areas (NRA) based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. The study obtained ethics approval from the institution's ethics board.

    FINDINGS: A total of 1054 patients were included in the study, 275 allocated to RA and 779 to NRA. Patients in RA had a significantly longer median EDLOS compared with NRA (9 h 29 min vs 7 h 6 min, P < 0.001, d = 0.41). A lower proportion of patients in RA achieved an EDLOS ≤8 h compared to NRA (41.8% vs 58.3%, P < 0.001). Independent factors affecting EDLOS were: triage category; re-triaging; hypertension; performing biomedical imaging; medical, surgical, and critical care consultations; and disposition plan. Bottlenecks significantly prolonging EDLOS were decision-to-departure, ultrasound interval, and referral-to-consultation.

    CONCLUSION: Spatial separation prolongs FPIs and EDLOS. Addressing inpatient access block and streamlining specialty review and biomedical imaging processes may reduce RA EDLOS.

  5. Fulltext Design and simulation of mechanical ventilators
    El-Hadj A, Kezrane M, Ahmad H, Ameur H, Bin Abd Rahim SZ, Younsi A, et al.
    Chaos Solitons Fractals, 2021 Sep;150:111169.
    PMID: 34188366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2021.111169
    During this period of COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of medical equipment (like ventilators) leads to complications arising in the medical field. A low-cost ventilator seems to be an alternative substitute to fill the lacking. This paper presents a numerical analysis for predicting the delivered parameters of a low-cost mechanical ventilator. Based on several manufactured mechanical ventilators, two proposed designs are investigated in this study. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis is used for solving any problems with the first design, and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis with moving boundary is used for solving any issues with the second design. For this purpose, ANSYS Workbench platform is used to solve the set of equations. The results showed that the Ambu-bag-based mechanical ventilator exhibited difficulties in controlling ventilation variables, which certainly will cause serious health problems such as barotrauma. The mechanical ventilator based on piston-cylinder is more satisfactory with regards to delivered parameters to the patient. The ways to obtain pressure control mode (PCM) and volume control mode (VCM) are identified. Finally, the ventilator output is highly affected by inlet flow, length of the cylinder, and piston diameter.
  6. Fulltext Metabolomics Profiling on Different Stages of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
    Yusof HM, Ab-Rahim S, Suddin LS, Saman MSA, Mazlan M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Sep;25(5):16-34.
    PMID: 30914860 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.5.3
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis and accurate staging of the disease is vital to improve the prognosis. Metabolomics has been used to identify changes in metabolite profiles in the different stages of cancer in order to introduce new non-invasive molecular tools for staging. In this systematic review, we aim to identify the common metabolite changes in human biological samples and the dominant metabolic pathways associated with CRC progression. A broad systematic search was carried out from selected databases. Four reviewers screened and reviewed the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was conducted on the eight articles which met the criteria. Data showed that the metabolites involved with redox status, energy metabolism and intermediates of amino acids, choline and nucleotides metabolism were the most affected during CRC progression. However, there were differences in the levels of individual metabolites detected between the studies, and this might be due to the study population, sample preparation, analytical platforms used and statistical tools. In conclusion, this systematic review highlights the changes in metabolites from early to late stages of CRC. Moreover, biomarkers for prognosis are important to reduce CRC-related mortality.
  7. Fulltext Ursodeoxycholic acid upregulates ERK and Akt in the protection of cardiomyocytes against CoCl2
    Hanafi NI, Mohamed AS, Md Noor J, Abdu N, Hasani H, Siran R, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2016 Jun 17;15(2).
    PMID: 27323195 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15028150
    Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used to treat liver diseases and demonstrates cardioprotective effects. Accumulation of the plasma membrane sphingolipid sphingomyelin in the heart can lead to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Sphingomyelinases (SMases) break down sphingomyelin, producing ceramide, and inhibition of SMases activity can promote cell survival. We hypothesized that UDCA regulates activation of ERK and Akt survival signaling pathways and SMases in protecting cardiac cells against hypoxia. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were isolated from 0- to 2-day-old Sprague Dawley rats, and given 100 μM CoCl2, 150 μM H2O2, or placed in a hypoxia chamber for 24 h. The ameliorative effects of 100-μM UDCA treatment for 12 h were then assessed using MTS, QuantiGene Plex (for Smpd1 and Smpd2), and SMase assays, beating rate assessment, and western blotting (for ERK and Akt). Data were analyzed by the paired Student t-tests and one-way analyses of variance. Cell viability decreased significantly after H2O2 (85%), CoCl2 (50%), and hypoxia chamber (52%) treatments compared to the untreated control (100%). UDCA significantly counteracted the effects of chamber- and CoCl2- induced hypoxia on viability and beating rate. However, no significant differences were observed in acid SMase gene and protein expression between the untreated, CoCl2, and UDCA-CoCl2 groups. In contrast, neutral SMase gene and protein expression did significantly differ between the latter two groups. ERK and Akt phosphorylation was higher in hypoxic cardiomyocytes treated with UDCA than those given CoCl2 alone. In conclusion, UDCA regulates the activation of survival signaling proteins and SMases in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during hypoxia.
  8. Fulltext Global metabolomics profiling of colorectal cancer in Malaysian patients
    Amir Hashim NA, Ab-Rahim S, Wan Ngah WZ, Nathan S, Ab Mutalib NS, Sagap I, et al.
    Bioimpacts, 2021;11(1):33-43.
    PMID: 33469506 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.05
    Introduction:
    The serum metabolomics approach has been used to identify metabolite biomarkers that can diagnose colorectal cancer (CRC) accurately and specifically. However, the biomarkers identified differ between studies suggesting that more studies need to be performed to understand the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, this study aimed to identify biomarkers and affected metabolic pathways in Malaysian CRC patients.
    Methods:
    Serum from 50 healthy controls and 50 CRC patients were collected at UKM Medical Centre. The samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile and untargeted metabolomics profile determined using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS, Agilent USA). The data were analysed using Mass Profiler Professional (Agilent, USA) software. The panel of biomarkers determined were then used to identify CRC from a new set of 20 matched samples.
    Results:
    Eleven differential metabolites were identified whose levels were significantly different between CRC patients compared to normal controls. Based on the analysis of the area under the curve, 7 of these metabolites showed high sensitivity and specificity as biomarkers. The use of the 11 metabolites on a new set of samples was able to differentiate CRC from normal samples with 80% accuracy. These metabolites were hypoxanthine, acetylcarnitine, xanthine, uric acid, tyrosine, methionine, lysoPC, lysoPE, citric acid, 5-oxoproline, and pipercolic acid. The data also showed that the most perturbed pathways in CRC were purine, catecholamine, and amino acid metabolisms.
    Conclusion:
    Serum metabolomics profiling can be used to identify distinguishing biomarkers for CRC as well as to further our knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms.
  9. Ursodeoxycholic acid protects cardiomyocytes against cobalt chloride induced hypoxia by regulating transcriptional mediator of cells stress hypoxia inducible factor 1α and p53 protein
    Mohamed AS, Hanafi NI, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Md Noor J, Abdul Hamid Hasani N, Ab Rahim S, et al.
    Cell Biochem Funct, 2017 Oct;35(7):453-463.
    PMID: 29027248 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3303
    In hepatocytes, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) activates cell signalling pathways such as p53, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-receptor via Gαi -coupled-receptor. Recently, UDCA has been shown to protect the heart against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. However, it is not clear whether UDCA cardioprotection against hypoxia acts through a transcriptional mediator of cells stress, HIF-1α and p53. Therefore, in here, we aimed to investigate whether UDCA could protect cardiomyocytes (CMs) against hypoxia by regulating expression of HIF-1α, p53, [Ca2+ ]i , and S1P-Gαi -coupled-receptor. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from newborn rats (0-2 days), and hypoxia was induced by using cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ). Cardiomyocytes were treated with UDCA and cotreated with either FTY720 (S1P-receptor agonist) or pertussis toxin (PTX; Gαi inhibitor). Cells were subjected for proliferation assay, beating frequency, QuantiGene Plex assay, western blot, immunofluorescence, and calcium imaging. Our findings showed that UDCA counteracted the effects of CoCl2 on cell viability, beating frequency, HIF-1α, and p53 protein expression. We found that these cardioprotection effects of UDCA were similar to FTY720, S1P agonist. Furthermore, we observed that UDCA protects CMs against CoCl2 -induced [Ca2+ ]i dynamic alteration. Pharmacological inhibition of the Gαi -sensitive receptor did not abolish the cardioprotection of UDCA against CoCl2 detrimental effects, except for cell viability and [Ca2+ ]i . Pertussis toxin is partially effective in inhibiting UDCA protection against CoCl2 effects on CM cell viability. Interestingly, PTX fully inhibits UDCA cardioprotection on CoCl2 -induced [Ca2+ ]i dynamic changes. We conclude that UDCA cardioprotection against CoCl2 -induced hypoxia is similar to FTY720, and its actions are not fully mediated by the Gαi -coupled protein sensitive pathways. Ursodeoxycholic acid is the most hydrophilic bile acid and is currently used to treat liver diseases. Recently, UDCA is shown to have a cardioprotection effects; however, the mechanism of UDCA cardioprotection is still poorly understood. The current data generated were the first to show that UDCA is able to inhibit the activation of HIF-1α and p53 protein during CoCl2 -induced hypoxia in cardiomyocytes. This study provides an insight of UDCA mechanism in protecting cardiomyocytes against hypoxia.
  10. Malignant Transformation of Juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
    Muhammad Fauzi HG, Mohan Singh AS, Abdul Rahim S, Chooi LL, Ramasamy V, Mohamad Pakarul Razy NH, et al.
    Gulf J Oncolog, 2021 May;1(36):79-81.
    PMID: 35017141
    Malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare entity occurring in only less than 5% of patients with RRP. The risk of transformation can arise even in the absence of risk factors such as smoking and radiation. We describe a patient with juvenile RRP diagnosed since childhood, who suffered malignant transformation into a squamous cell carcinoma after 29 years. Keywords: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; laryngeal neoplasms; squamous cell carcinoma; human papilloma-virus.
  11. Phytochemical quantification and HPLC analysis of Parkia speciosa pod extract
    Cheong NDH, Mohamed E, Haron N, Camalxaman SN, Abdullah A, Mohamad Yusof MI, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(Suppl 1):34-39.
    PMID: 38555883
    INTRODUCTION: Parkia speciosa Hassk., commonly known as bitter bean or twisted cluster bean, is a tropical leguminous plant species native to Southeast Asia. The plant's edible pods have been traditionally used in various cuisines, particularly in Malaysian, Thai, and Indonesian cooking. Apart from being used as a food ingredient, the pods of P. speciosa also have a range of potential applications in other fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry. The pods are said to have several phytochemicals that hold great therapeutic values such as reducing inflammation, improving digestion, and lowering blood sugar levels. However, there is limited information on the specific phytochemical contents of the pods in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study is to quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and to determine the concentrations of four selected phytochemical compounds in the P. speciosa pod extract (PSPE).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantification of the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) in PSPE were done via colourimetric methods; and the determination of the concentrations of four specific phytochemicals (gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and quercetin) were done via High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

    RESULTS: Colourimetric determination of PSPE showed TPC and TFC values of 84.53±9.40 mg GAE/g and 11.96±4.51 mg QE/g, respectively. Additional analysis of the phytochemicals using HPLC revealed that there were 6.45±3.36 g/kg, 5.91±1.07 g/kg, 0.39±0.84 g/kg, and 0.19±0.47 g/kg of caffeic acid, gallic acid, rutin, and quercetin, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: The findings show that PSPE contains substantial amounts of caffeic acid, gallic acid, rutin, and quercetin, which may indicate its potential as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid, and antiviral medicines.

  12. Palm-based tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation modulates cardiac sod1 expression, fxr target gene expression, and tauro-conjugated bile acid levels in aleptinemic mice fed a high-fat diet
    Md Shahrulnizam NAN, Mohd Efendy Goon MD, Ab Rahim S, Lew SW, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Ibrahim E
    Genes Nutr, 2024 Feb 27;19(1):3.
    PMID: 38413846 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00742-9
    Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been reported to protect the heart from oxidative stress-induced inflammation. It is, however, unclear whether the protective effects of TRF against oxidative stress involve the activation of farnesoid X receptor (fxr), a bile acid receptor, and the regulation of bile acid metabolites. In the current study, we investigated the effects of TRF supplementation on antioxidant activities, expression of fxr and its target genes in cardiac tissue, and serum untargeted metabolomics of high-fat diet-fed mice. Mice were divided into high-fat diet (HFD) with or without TRF supplementation (control) for 6 weeks. At the end of the intervention, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and random blood glucose were measured. Heart tissues were collected, and the gene expression of sod1, sod2, gpx, and fxr and its target genes shp and stat3 was determined. Serum was subjected to untargeted metabolomic analysis using UHPLC-Orbitrap. In comparison to the control, the WC of the TRF-treated group was higher (p >0.05) than that of the HFD-only group, in addition there was no significant difference in weight or random blood glucose level. Downregulation of sod1, sod2, and gpx expression was observed in TRF-treated mice; however, only sod1 was significant when compared to the HFD only group. The expression of cardiac shp (fxr target gene) was significantly upregulated, but stat3 was significantly downregulated in the TRF-treated group compared to the HFD-only group. Biochemical pathways found to be influenced by TRF supplementation include bile acid secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and biotin and cholesterol metabolism. In conclusion, TRF supplementation in HFD-fed mice affects antioxidant activities, and more interestingly, TRF also acts as a signaling molecule that is possibly involved in several bile acid-related biochemical pathways accompanied by an increase in cardiac fxr shp expression. This study provides new insight into TRF in deregulating bile acid receptors and metabolites in high-fat diet-fed mice.
  13. Challenges in Obtaining and Seeking Information Among Breast Cancer Survivors in an Asian Country: a Qualitative Study
    Yussof I, Mohamed Shah N, Ab Muin NF, Abd Rahim S, Hatah E, Mohd Tahir NA, et al.
    J Cancer Educ, 2024 Aug;39(4):383-390.
    PMID: 38530598 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-024-02421-0
    Breast cancer survivors on adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) have distinct information-seeking experience compared to those in the diagnosis and intensive treatment phase. This study aimed to understand the challenges in obtaining and seeking information among Malaysian breast cancer survivors. We conducted semi-structured, one-to-one interviews among patients using AET from two hospitals and a local cancer organization. Interviews were conducted until theme saturation was achieved (N = 25). Interviews were de-identified, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis. To ensure rigor, coding was conducted through regular discussions between two researchers and the findings were shared with several participants after analysis was completed. Three main themes were identified: limitations in the healthcare system, pitfalls of seeking information online, and limited information from local sources. The participants perceived that their information needs were not met by their healthcare providers and sought information on the Internet to complement their information needs. However, they were faced with risks of misinformation, information overload, and unethical promotion of health products. Those with limited English proficiency had difficulties in accessing quality information, and suggested that there should be more content created by local health advocates in local languages, with information that is tailored for local cultures. As the Internet has become an important medium of health education, healthcare providers and patients should be equipped with the skills to share and search for information online. Digital health literacy needs to be incorporated in patient education modules to create a more informed and empowered patient community.
  14. Fulltext Hybrid Mold: Comparative Study of Rapid and Hard Tooling for Injection Molding Application Using Metal Epoxy Composite (MEC)
    Hussin R, Sharif S, Nabiałek M, Zamree Abd Rahim S, Khushairi MTM, Suhaimi MA, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 01;14(3).
    PMID: 33535504 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030665
    The mold-making industry is currently facing several challenges, including new competitors in the market as well as the increasing demand for a low volume of precision moldings. The purpose of this research is to appraise a new formulation of Metal Epoxy Composite (MEC) materials as a mold insert. The fabrication of mold inserts using MEC provided commercial opportunities and an alternative rapid tooling method for injection molding application. It is hypothesized that the addition of filler particles such as brass and copper powders would be able to further increase mold performance such as compression strength and thermal properties, which are essential in the production of plastic parts for the new product development. This study involved four phases, which are epoxy matrix design, material properties characterization, mold design, and finally the fabrication of the mold insert. Epoxy resins filled with brass (EB) and copper (EC) powders were mixed separately into 10 wt% until 30 wt% of the mass composition ratio. Control factors such as degassing time, curing temperature, and mixing time to increase physical and mechanical properties were optimized using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The study provided optimum parameters for mixing epoxy resin with fillers, where the degassing time was found to be the critical factor with 35.91%, followed by curing temperature with 3.53% and mixing time with 2.08%. The mold inserts were fabricated for EB and EC at 30 wt% based on the optimization outcome from RSM and statistical ANOVA results. It was also revealed that the EC mold insert offers better cycle time compared to EB mold insert material.
  15. Fulltext The impacts of intrauterine Bisphenol A exposure on pregnancy and expression of miRNAs related to heart development and diseases in animal model
    Rasdi Z, Kamaludin R, Ab Rahim S, Syed Ahmad Fuad SB, Othman MHD, Siran R, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 Apr 03;10(1):5882.
    PMID: 32246001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62420-1
    This study aimed to examine the impact of BPA exposure on pregnancy and foetuses on cardiac tissues and the expression of cardiac microRNAs (miRNAs) related to heart development and diseases. Pregnancy is known to be the "critical windows" in determining the offspring physical and cells development in their life after birth. The increment of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a later stage of life has been reported by few studies demonstrated from prenatal exposure of BPA. BPA has been shown to alter miRNAs expression profiles for organ development, regeneration and metabolic functions. These alterations have been associated with the risk of CVDs. However, the associations between pregnancy outcomes and miRNAs expression in cardiac of mother- and foetuses-exposed to BPA are still not entirely explored. In BPA-exposed pregnant rat groups, a significant weight gained was observed in comparison to control (p 
  16. Fulltext Untargeted serum metabolites profiling in high-fat diet mice supplemented with enhanced palm tocotrienol-rich fraction using UHPLC-MS
    Goon DE, Ab-Rahim S, Mohd Sakri AH, Mazlan M, Tan JK, Abdul Aziz M, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 Oct 25;11(1):21001.
    PMID: 34697380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00454-9
    Excessive high fat dietary intake promotes risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and predisposed with oxidative stress. Palm based tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been reported able to ameliorate oxidative stress but exhibited poor bioavailability. Thus, we investigated whether an enhanced formulation of TRF in combination with palm kernel oil (medium-chain triglycerides) (ETRF) could ameliorate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on leptin-deficient male mice. All the animals were divided into HFD only (HFD group), HFD supplemented with ETRF (ETRF group) and HFD supplemented with TRF (TRF group) and HFD supplemented with PKO (PKO group). After 6 weeks, sera were collected for untargeted metabolite profiling using UHPLC-Orbitrap MS. Univariate analysis unveiled alternation in metabolites for bile acids, amino acids, fatty acids, sphingolipids, and alkaloids. Bile acids, lysine, arachidonic acid, and sphingolipids were downregulated while xanthine and hypoxanthine were upregulated in TRF and ETRF group. The regulation of these metabolites suggests that ETRF may promote better fatty acid oxidation, reduce oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory metabolites and acts as anti-inflammatory in fatty liver compared to TRF. Metabolites regulated by ETRF also provide insight of its role in fatty liver. However, further investigation is warranted to identify the mechanisms involved.
  17. Laboratory-based assessment of geotechnical characteristics of organic waste-amended soil for landfill biocover
    Rahim S, Isa MH, Shams S, Jeludin M, Abdul Rahman EK, Hj Md Juani R, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Nov 29.
    PMID: 39612092 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35580-0
    A landfill biocover is essential for addressing environmental concerns, especially in waste management, as it plays a crucial role in mitigating the release of methane gas. This study investigates the geotechnical characteristics of soil amended with organic wastes for landfill biocover applications. Various organic waste amendments, viz., rice husk, crushed coconut coir, and compost, were examined at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) compared with conventional landfill cover material, i.e. natural clay, as biocovers. Laboratory experiments analysed geotechnical characteristics, including organic content, Atterberg limit, compaction, consolidation, and desiccation cracking. The study revealed that organic waste amendment significantly impacted the geotechnical characteristics of landfill biocover, enhancing organic content and porosity and reducing permeability and desiccation susceptibility. Soils amended with organic content support methanotrophic bacteria growth and reduce methane emissions in landfills. The most promising biocovers were identified as 75CR (crushed coconut coir/wastewater sludge/clay in percentage ratio of 70:5:25), followed by 75CT (compost/wastewater sludge/clay in percentage ratio of 70:5:25), and 25RH (rice husk/wastewater sludge/clay in percentage ratio of 20:5:75). Biocovers offer sustainable landfill alternatives, underscoring the need to understand their geotechnical characteristics for successful installation in landfills.
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