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Displaying publications 21 - 25 of 25 in total

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Ethnicity influences disease characteristics and symptom severity in allergic rhinitis patients in Malaysia

Amini P, Abdullah M, Seng LS, Karunakaran T, Hani N, Bakar SA, et al.

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 2016 Jun;6(6):624-30.
PMID: 26919193 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21442

BACKGROUND: The number of available reports regarding the influence of ethnicity on clinical features of allergic rhinitis (AR), especially disease severity in tropical climates, is limited. We aimed to compare clinical parameters and disease severity in AR patients of different ethnicities.
METHODS: Malay, Chinese, and Indian AR patients (n = 138) with confirmed sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dematophagoides farinae, and Blomia tropicalis were tested for mite-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect data on nasal symptom score (NSS), ocular symptom score (OSS), sum of symptoms score (SSS), quality of life score (QLS), symptomatic control score (SCS), and total sum of scores (TSS) and correlate the derived data with patients' demography, mite-polysensitivity, and sIgE levels.
RESULTS: AR-related symptoms were most severe in Malays and least in Chinese (p < 0.01). Age (r = 0.516 to 0.673, p < 0.05) and duration of AR (r = 0.635 to 0.726, p < 0.01) correlated positively with severity domains (NSS, SSS, QLS, and TSS) in Chinese. Duration of concurrent allergies was highest in Malays (p < 0.05). Polysensitivity predicted increased sIgE levels in Malays (r = 0.464 to 0.551, p < 0.01) and Indians (r = 0.541 to 0.645, p < 0.05) but affected NSS, SSS, and TSS only in Indians (r = 0.216 to 0.376, p < 0.05). sIgE levels were lowest among Chinese but correlated strongly with NSS, OSS, SSS, and TSS (r = 0408 to 0.898, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Clinical parameters in AR may be influenced by race. Symptoms were most severe among Malays but did not correlate with other variables examined. Although Indian ethnicity did not impact disease severity, duration of concurrent allergies and mite-polysensitivity was associated with more severe disease. Age, duration of disease, and sIgE levels may be useful indicators of disease severity in Chinese.
Clausenidin from Clausena excavata induces apoptosis in hepG2 cells via the mitochondrial pathway

Waziri PM, Abdullah R, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Abdul AB, Kassim NK, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2016 Dec 24;194:549-558.
PMID: 27729282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.030

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Clausena excavata Burm.f. is used locally in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer in South East Asia.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the mechanism of action of pure clausenidin crystals in the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (hepG2) cells apoptosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pure clausenidin was isolated from Clausena excavata Burm.f. and characterized using (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra. Clausenidin-induced cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The morphology of hepG2 after treatment with clausenidin was determined by fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The effect of clausenidin on the apoptotic genes and proteins were determined by real-time qPCR and protein array profiling, respectively. The involvement of the mitochondria in clausenidin-induced apoptosis was investigated using MMP, caspase 3 and 9 assays.
RESULTS: Clausenidin induced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent apoptosis of hepG2 cells. Cell cycle assay showed that clausenidin induced a G2/M phase arrest, caused mitochondrial membrane depolarization and significantly (p<0.05) increased expression of caspases 3 and 9, which suggest the involvement of the mitochondria in the apoptotic signals. In addition, clausenidin caused decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl 2 and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. This finding was confirmed by the downregulation of Bcl-2 gene and upregulation of the Bax gene in the treated hepG2 cells.
CONCLUSION: Clausenidin extracted from Clausena excavata Burm.f. is an anti-hepG2 cell compound as shown by its ability to induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Clausenidin can potentially be developed into an anticancer compound.
A new coumarin from stem bark of Calophyllum wallichianum

Tee KH, Ee GCL, Ismail IS, Karunakaran T, Teh SS, Jong VYM, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2018 Nov;32(21):2565-2570.
PMID: 29355031 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1428588

A phytochemical study carried out on the plant, Calophyllum wallichianum has led to the isolation of a new coumarin, wallimarin T (1) and a known coumarin, calanolide E (2) along with two common triterpenes, friedelin (3) and stigmasterol (4). The structures of these compounds were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic analyses such as FT-IR, GC-MS, and NMR. MIC assay against the Bacillus bacteria were conducted on the extracts and this gave MIC values ranging from 0.313 to 1.25 mg/mL. Compound 2 was weakly inhibitory towards the Bacilli strains with MIC values ranging from 0.25-0.50 mg/mL. Wallimarin T (1) was not active towards all four bacteria. Overall, the extracts exhibited weak bactericidal properties whereas compound 2 was not bactericidal on the tested bacteria. The hexane and chloroform extracts of the plant were found to be inhibitors to the growth of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis.
Fulltext 5,8-Dihy-droxy-2,2-dimethyl-12-(3-methyl-but-2-en-yl)pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one (brasixanthone B)

Binti Seruji NMU, Rosli MM, Jong VYM, Karunakaran T, Lizazman MA, Marlina A, et al.

IUCrdata, 2023 Jan;8(Pt 1):x221198.
PMID: 36794049 DOI: 10.1107/S2414314622011981

The title compound (trivial name brasixanthone B), C23H22O5, isolated from Calophyllum gracilentum, is characterized by a xanthone skeleton of three fused six-membered rings plus an additional fused pyrano ring and one 3-methyl-but-2-enyl side chain. The core xanthone moiety is almost planar, with a maximum deviation 0.057 (4) Å from the mean plane. In the mol-ecule, an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. The crystal structure features inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions.
Phytochemicals from the Stem Bark of Calophyllum havilandii P. F. Stevens and their Biological Activities

Zailan AAD, Karunakaran T, Santhanam R, Suriaty Yaakop A, Mohan S, Abu Bakar MH, et al.

Chem Biodivers, 2024 Mar;21(3):e202301936.
PMID: 38268343 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301936

The genus Calophyllum from the family Calophyllaceae has been extensively investigated in the past due to its rich source of bioactive phenolics such as coumarins, chromanones, and xanthones. In this study, phytochemical investigation on the stem bark of Calophyllum havilandii has afforded a new 4-propyldihydrocoumarin derivative, havilarin (1) together with calolongic acid (2), caloteysmannic acid (3), isocalolongic acid (4), euxanthone (5), and β-sitosterol (6). The chemical structure of compound 1 was elucidated and established based on detailed spectroscopic techniques, including MS, IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR. The results of anti-bacillus study indicated that the chloroform extract showed promising activities with MIC value ranging between 0.5 to 1 μg/mL on selected bacillus strains. Besides, the plant extracts and compounds 1-4 were assessed for their cytotoxicity potential on HL-7702 cell line. All the tested plant extracts and respective chemical constituents displayed non-cytotoxic activity on HL-7702 cell line.