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Fulltext Differential proteome analysis of chikungunya virus infection on host cells

Thio CL, Yusof R, Abdul-Rahman PS, Karsani SA

PLoS One, 2013;8(4):e61444.
PMID: 23593481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061444

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus that has caused multiple unprecedented and re-emerging outbreaks in both tropical and temperate countries. Despite ongoing research efforts, the underlying factors involved in facilitating CHIKV replication during early infection remains ill-characterized. The present study serves to identify host proteins modulated in response to early CHIKV infection using a proteomics approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya Fever
Fulltext Problem based review: The patient with a pyrexia of unknown origin

Woolley AK, Hedger NA, Veettil RP

Acute Med, 2013;12(2):107-10.
PMID: 23732136

Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is a frequent presentation to the Acute Medical Unit, and is a source of significant morbidity, both the psychological burden of an uncertain diagnosis and prognosis and untreated complications of the underlying pathology. We present a problem based review of the management of PUO, illustrated by a patient who recently presented to our unit with fever and systemic malaise after returning from abroad and in whom no cause could be found for more than two months. We describe a structured approach making use of complex modern techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) which ultimately provided the diagnosis for our patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever of Unknown Origin/diagnosis; Fever of Unknown Origin/drug therapy; Fever of Unknown Origin/etiology*
Fulltext Epidemiology of chikungunya in Malaysia: 2006-2009

Chua KB

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Dec;65(4):277-82.
PMID: 21901945 MyJurnal

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study based on the database of clusters of patients with clinical diagnosis of chikungunya (CHIK) that were referred to the National Public Health Laboratory for diagnostic investigations from January 2006 to December 2009. Of the 13,759 referred patients, a total of 6314 (45.9%) patients were laboratory confirmed to have CHIK and 7445 (54.1) patients were considered as clinical cases of CHIK by epidemiological link. Epidemic curves plotted using date of onset of illness for all referred clusters of cases showed that there were three unrelated outbreaks of CHIK in Malaysia from 2006 to 2009. There were two small outbreaks that occurred within the state of Perak in 2006. The cluster of cases in 2008 and 2009 were of related outbreak which started in Johor state and subsequently spread to various parts of Malaysia. The mean age of the patients was 37.0 years old and those patients in the laboratory confirmed group were significantly younger than those in the epidemiological linked group. The main presenting clinical features recorded in this study were fever, arthralgia, myalgia and rashes. Those patients in the laboratory confirmed group had a significant higher incidence of fever, arthralgia and rash than those in the epidemiological linked group.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya Fever
Fulltext Clinical features of acute febrile thrombocytopaenia among patients attending primary care clinics

Tong SF, Abd Aziz NA, Chin GL, Khairani O

Malays Fam Physician, 2006;1(1):15-8.
PMID: 26998201 MyJurnal

Identifying clinical features that differentiate acute febrile thrombocytopaenia from acute febrile illness without thrombocytopaenia can help primary care physician to decide whether to order a full blood count (FBC). This is important because thrombocytopaenia in viral fever may signify more serious underlying aetiology like dengue infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Fulltext Global MLST of Salmonella Typhi Revisited in Post-genomic Era: Genetic Conservation, Population Structure, and Comparative Genomics of Rare Sequence Types

Yap KP, Ho WS, Gan HM, Chai LC, Thong KL

Front Microbiol, 2016;7:270.
PMID: 26973639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00270

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, remains an important public health burden in Southeast Asia and other endemic countries. Various genotyping methods have been applied to study the genetic variations of this human-restricted pathogen. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is one of the widely accepted methods, and recently, there is a growing interest in the re-application of MLST in the post-genomic era. In this study, we provide the global MLST distribution of S. Typhi utilizing both publicly available 1,826 S. Typhi genome sequences in addition to performing conventional MLST on S. Typhi strains isolated from various endemic regions spanning over a century. Our global MLST analysis confirms the predominance of two sequence types (ST1 and ST2) co-existing in the endemic regions. Interestingly, S. Typhi strains with ST8 are currently confined within the African continent. Comparative genomic analyses of ST8 and other rare STs with genomes of ST1/ST2 revealed unique mutations in important virulence genes such as flhB, sipC, and tviD that may explain the variations that differentiate between seemingly successful (widespread) and unsuccessful (poor dissemination) S. Typhi populations. Large scale whole-genome phylogeny demonstrated evidence of phylogeographical structuring and showed that ST8 may have diverged from the earlier ancestral population of ST1 and ST2, which later lost some of its fitness advantages, leading to poor worldwide dissemination. In response to the unprecedented increase in genomic data, this study demonstrates and highlights the utility of large-scale genome-based MLST as a quick and effective approach to narrow the scope of in-depth comparative genomic analysis and consequently provide new insights into the fine scale of pathogen evolution and population structure.

Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever
Fulltext Early central nervous system involvement in a young patient with dengue encephalitis

Alice V, Cheong BM

Med J Malaysia, 2016 02;71(1):41-3.
PMID: 27130747

A previously well 13-year-old boy presented with a short history of fever and altered mental status. His mother was admitted for dengue fever and there had been a recent dengue outbreak in their neighbourhood. He was diagnosed with dengue encephalitis as both his dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS-1) antigen and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dengue polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive. He did not have haemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia or any warning signs associated with severe dengue. He recovered fully with supportive treatment. This case highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of dengue encephalitis in patients from dengue endemic areas presenting with an acute febrile illness and neurological symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Longevity of antibody responses to a Salmonella typhi-specific outer membrane protein: interpretation of a dot enzyme immunosorbent assay in an area of high typhoid fever endemicity

Choo KE, Davis TM, Ismail A, Ong KH

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1997 Dec;57(6):656-9.
PMID: 9430522

The objective of this study was to investigate the longevity of positive dot enzyme immunosorbent assay (dot EIA) results for IgM and IgG to a Salmonella typhi outer membrane protein in Malaysian children with enteric fever. The patients were children one month to 12 years of age with clinical evidence of typhoid fever, positive blood or stool cultures for S. typhi, and/or a positive Widal test result who were admitted over a two-year period to General Hospital (Kota Bharu, Malaysia). These patients received standard inpatient treatment for enteric fever including chloramphenicol therapy for 14 days. Dot EIA tests were performed as part of clinical and laboratory assessments on admission, at two weeks, and then at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 months postdischarge. Assessment of the longevity of positive dot EIA IgM and IgG titers was done by Kaplan-Meier analysis. In 94 evaluable patients, 28% were dot EIA IgM positive but IgG negative on admission, 50% were both IgM and IgG positive, and 22% were IgM negative and IgG positive. Mean persistence of IgM dot EIA positivity was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval = 2.0-3.1 months) and that of IgG was 5.4 months (4.5-6.3 months). There were no significant differences between the three subgroups. Thus, positive IgM and IgG results determined by dot EIA within four and seven months, respectively, following documented or suspected enteric fever in a child from an endemic area should be interpreted with caution. In other clinical situations, the dot EIA remains a rapid and reliable aid to diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/diagnosis*; Typhoid Fever/immunology*; Typhoid Fever/epidemiology
Spectrum concept of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Adityanjee, Singh S, Singh G, Ong S

Br J Psychiatry, 1988 Jul;153:107-11.
PMID: 3224231

Although neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was initially thought to be a rare, idiosyncratic complication, the incidence estimates have been rising over the years. A part of this increase can be explained on the basis of an over-inclusive definition of NMS. The unitary concept of NMS has been challenged recently and a spectrum concept has been enunciated on the basis of findings of retrospective chart-reviews which have used too broad a definition of NMS. The authors describe three cases of neuroleptic-related toxicity with different clinical presentations which appeared in a manner apparently supporting the spectrum concept. They discuss this controversial concept critically, however, and caution against its overzealous use in routine clinical practice owing to its far-reaching clinical implications.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Fulltext Clinical Symptoms of Arboviruses in Mexico

Ananth S, Shrestha N, Treviño C JA, Nguyen US, Haque U, Angulo-Molina A, et al.

Pathogens, 2020 Nov 19;9(11).
PMID: 33228120 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110964

Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy's ability to integrate the diagnosis, management, and prevention. This study seeks to reveal the clinical symptoms of CHIK, DENV, and ZIKV by age group, region, sex, and time across Mexico. The confirmed cases of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV were compiled from January 2012 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics analyzed significant clinical symptoms of confirmed cases. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical symptoms and geographical regions. Females and individuals aged 15 and older had higher rates of reported significant symptoms across all three arboviruses. DENV showed a temporal variation of symptoms by regions 3 and 5, whereas ZIKV presented temporal variables in regions 2 and 4. This study revealed unique and overlapping symptoms between CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. However, the differentiation of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV is difficult, and diagnostic facilities are not available in rural areas. There is a need for adequately trained healthcare staff alongside well-equipped lab facilities, including hematological tests and imaging facilities.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya Fever
Evaluation of the thermal effects of prenatal ultrasound on hematological analysis of young Oryctolagus Cuniculus

Isa IN, Dom SM

J Vet Med Sci, 2016 Oct 1;78(9):1399-1403.
PMID: 27211519

Elevated temperatures can induce changes in red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) counts. Ultrasound heating during obstetric scans has the potential to increase body temperature owing to the phenomenon of absorption. We conducted a study to determine the thermal effects of prenatal ultrasound on RBCs, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), WBCs and PLTs in young rabbits. We selected 69 rabbits that were 1 month of age and 73 that were 5 months of age, and allocated them to four groups. The control group consisted of four pregnant does that were allowed to have a full term delivery without any ultrasound exposure. The experimental groups were subjected to one-time ultrasound exposure for 30, 60 and 90 min in the middle of each gestational stage accordingly. RBCs and Hb showed significant reductions in the experimental groups of 1- and 5-month-old rabbits (P<0.05). In addition, WBCs and PLTs yielded significant differences in the 1-month group that were not observed in the 5-month group (P>0.05). The highest values recorded were those of the WBCs of 1-month-old subjects that received 90 min of exposure at the second stage of gestation. The PLTs were the lowest values recorded in 1-month-old subjects following 90 min of ultrasound exposure at the third stage of gestation. These findings suggest that hematological fluctuations during the early stages of postnatal life persisted until 1 month of age and recovered thereafter, as the subjects progressed into adulthood. Therefore, ultrasound heating can cause significant, yet reversible effects on the hematological parameters of rabbits.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Fulltext A child with coated tonsils

Appannan VR, Mohamad I, Ramli RR, Johan KB

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(1):55-56.
PMID: 29796214 MyJurnal

A 5-year-old girl presented with a history of
fever for four days associated with odynophagia.
She was treated with amoxycillin prescribed
by a general practitioner for 3 days prior to
presentation. However, the symptoms were
worsening and associated with drooling of
saliva and poor oral intake. There was history
of recurrent acute tonsillitis in the past two
years, with 5 to 6 episodes per year. The child
had completed regular immunizations up to her
current age. There was no similar presentation
amongst family members and friends. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Disseminated histoplasmosis mimicking an acute appendicitis

Marsilla MM, Khairunisa AA, Azyani Y, Petrick P

Malays J Pathol, 2019 Aug;41(2):223-227.
PMID: 31427560

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis can present in a myriad of clinical manifestations, which often makes its diagnosis difficult and occasionally, deceptive.
CASE REPORT: We describe a case of a 33 years old gentleman who was clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis at initial presentation in view of a one-week history of fever, right lower quadrant abdominal pain- and guarding at right iliac fossa. He had thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia on presentation. Mesenteric lymphadenitis and small bowel lesion were found intraoperatively, which was respectively biopsied and resected. Histopathological result confirms disseminated histoplasmosis. Retroviral screen was positive. He was treated with amphotericin B for one week, subsequently switched to oral itraconazole, followed by initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
DISCUSSION: This case illustrates the various nature of histoplasmosis presentation. A high index of suspicion is needed to clinch the diagnosis and subsequently institute prompt treatment as disseminated disease can be fatal if left untreated in an immunosuppressed host.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Fulltext Appearance of Acute Inflammatory State Indicates Improvement in Atopic Dermatitis Cases Under Classical Homeopathic Treatment: A Case Series

Mahesh S, Mallappa M, Habchi O, Konstanta V, Chise C, Sykiotou P, et al.

Clin Med Insights Case Rep, 2021;14:1179547621994103.
PMID: 33628071 DOI: 10.1177/1179547621994103

The Continuum theory and the Levels of Health theory propound the idea that return of efficient acute inflammation (high fever) heralds true improvement in chronic inflammatory states. We present 6 cases of atopic dermatitis (AD), which had stability in their improvement for 1 year or more, under classical homeopathy. The cases were retrospectively assessed with selected based on the Hanifin Rajka atopic dermatitis diagnostic criteria and the follow ups evaluated according to changes on SCORing Atopic Dermatitis scale (SCORAD) scale. The pictures are presented as evidence. Modified Naranjo Criteria for assessing causal attribution of clinical outcome to homeopathic intervention was used to assess the effect of homeopathy in these cases. All the cases improved and stabilised with complete skin clearance (those that relapsed within 1 year were not included). These patients had not suffered high fevers/acute inflammatory diseases since onset/aggravation of AD. Five of the 6 cases developed acute inflammatory diseases as the chronic condition improved. The last case showed return of an old, lesser pathology. The control cases - which were selected for non-improvement under classical homeopathy also showed remarkable skin clearance when there was appearance of acute inflammatory states. In this study, there is a mutually exclusive relationship between efficient acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, which is in accordance with the 2 theories considered here. Further scientific studies are necessary to establish the phenomenon at tissue level.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Fulltext Clinical utility of extended monocytes parameters as a screening tool in suspected dengue infection

Nur Aliaa, Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit, Nik Hafidzah Nik Mustapha, Malina Osman

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):162-167.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Increased monocyte percentage and monocyte anisocytosis were suggested as new markers for den- gue fever detection. This study aims to investigate and evaluate monocyte volume standard deviation (MoV-SD) and monocyte percentage (Mono %) parameters using Coulter automated haematology analyser as screening parameters in discriminating between dengue infection and other febrile illness. Methods: A cross-sectional laboratory analysis using suspected dengue fever patients were included in this study. The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Jaafar Seremban from June 2016 until June 2017. Patients were classified into dengue positive and dengue negative based on dengue IgM and NS1 result. The diagnostic performance of MoV-SD and Mono % was analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The cut-off value of the MoV-SD and Mono % was determined and evaluated with the validation group. Chi-square test was used to assess the as- sociation between the parameters. Results: 88 (48.4%) from 182 samples were confirmed to have dengue infection. ROC curve analysis showed Mono % at cut off value of 10.5 % with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.869 with 84.1% sensitivity and 84% specificity (95% CI: 0.812-0.925) and MoV-SD cut off value at 22.2 (AUC 0.776, 80.7% sensitivity, 61.7% specificity, 95% CI: 0.709-0.843) are an excellent parameters in separating dengue positive and dengue-negative patients. A cut-off value of 10.5 of Mono % and 22.2 of MoV-SD were applied to the validation group showed 83.1%, 66.4% sensitivity and 84.9%, 77.3% specificity respectively. Conclusion: MoV-SD and Mono
% parameters are a potential parameter for the screening of dengue infection in acute febrile illness patients with good specificity and sensitivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Fulltext Prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17515 patients

Islam MA, Kundu S, Alam SS, Hossan T, Kamal MA, Hassan R

PLoS One, 2021;16(4):e0249788.
PMID: 33822812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249788

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 started to spread globally since December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Fever has been observed as one of the most common clinical manifestations, although the prevalence and characteristics of fever in adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients is inconclusive. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of fever and chills in addition to fever characteristics (low, medium, and high temperature) in both adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020176327). PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched between 1st December 2019 and 3rd April 2020 without language restrictions. Both adult (≥18 years) and paediatric (<18 years) COVID-19 patients were considered eligible. We used random-effects model for the meta-analysis to obtain the pooled prevalence and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic and Cochran's Q test. Robustness of the pooled estimates was checked by different subgroups and sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS: We identified 2055 studies, of which 197 studies (n = 24266) were included in the systematic review and 167 studies with 17142 adults and 373 paediatrics were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of fever in adult and paediatric COVID-19 patients were 79.43% [95% CI: 77.05-81.80, I2 = 95%] and 45.86% [95% CI: 35.24-56.48, I2 = 78%], respectively. Besides, 14.45% [95% CI: 10.59-18.32, I2 = 88%] of the adult COVID-19 patients were accompanied with chills. In adult COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of medium-grade fever (44.33%) was higher compared to low- (38.16%) and high-grade fever (14.71%). In addition, the risk of both low (RR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.69-3.22, p<0.00001, I2 = 84%) and medium grade fever (RR: 2.79, 95% CI: 2.21-3.51, p<0.00001, I2 = 75%) were significantly higher compared to high-grade fever, however, there was no significant difference between low- and medium-grade fever (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94-1.44, p = 0.16, I2 = 87%). 88.8% of the included studies were of high-quality. The sensitivity analyses indicated that our findings of fever prevalence for both adult and paediatric patients are reliable and robust.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of fever in adult COVID-19 patients was high, however, 54.14% of paediatric COVID-19 patients did not exhibit fever as an initial clinical feature. Prevalence and risk of low and medium-grade fevers were higher compared to high-grade fever.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Fulltext Non-pharmacological treatment uptake for chronic musculoskeletal pain among community-dwelling older adults in Petaling District, Selangor

Foong Sim Lee, Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat, Siti Anom Ahmad

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):219-229.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a common disabling condition among older adults with the major- ity, remain undertreated. This study aimed to determine the uptake of non-pharmacological treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain among older adults and the associated factors. Methods: A stratified sampling proportionate to size with individual clinics as the strata were used to recruit 276 respondents from six public health clinics in Petaling district, one of the most aged districts in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Based on the proportion calculat- ed, eligible older adults were selected by systematic random sampling from the registration list. Data was collected using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire through a face-to-face interview with respondents. The questionnaire comprised of seven sections, namely, socio-demographic, comorbidity, depression, pain severity, treatment options, attitude towards chronic pain and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Inferential analysis was conducted using Chi- Square (X2) and Fisher’s Exact Tests. The P value of < 0.05 regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 242 (87.7%) of the respondents had chronic musculoskeletal pain, in which 235 (85.1%) were treated with non-pharma- cological treatments. The commonly used non-pharmacological treatments were exercise (67.8%), biological-based therapies (40.9%) and massage (33.7%). The uptake of non-pharmacological treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain among older adults was significantly associated with the presence of diabetes. Conclusion: The findings re- vealed the remarkably high uptake of non-pharmacological treatment among older adults who experienced chronic musculoskeletal pain which was significantly associated with diabetes and the presence of other diseases like high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, back pain and rheumatic arthritis.

Matched MeSH terms: Rheumatic Fever
Fulltext Traditional Jones criteria: limitation in the diagnosis of rheumatic fever in patients with mitral valve repair

Putri Yubbu, Johan Aref Jamaluddin, Lydia Chang Mun Yin, Geetha Kandavello, Mazeni Alwi, Hasri Samion, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):316-319.
MyJurnal

The present study aims to determine the limitations of traditional Jones criteria during the first episode of acute rheu- matic fever (ARF) at the initial referral hospital, in a cohort of patients below 18 years old who had undergone mitral valve repair in National Heart Institute (IJN) from 2011 to 2016. Carditis followed by fever and joint involvement were the most frequent manifestations at first diagnosis. Of the 50 patients, only seven (14%) fulfilled the traditional Jones criteria for the diagnosis of the first episode of ARF. When compulsory evidence of a previous group A Beta he- molytic streptococcus (GABHS) was disregarded, this figure rose to 54%. Therefore, strict adherence to Jones criteria with absolute documentation of GABHS will lead to underdiagnoses of ARF. The application of echocardiographic diagnostic criteria of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) needs to be emphasized to allow early diagnosis and adminis- tration of secondary prophylaxis to prevent progression to severe valvular disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Rheumatic Fever
Fulltext Draft genome sequence data of two Salmonella bacteria from serogroup C type

Jiksing C, Voo CLY, Rodrigues KF

Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105920.
PMID: 32637513 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105920

Salmonella is a gram-negative rod-shape bacterium from the family of Enterobacteriaceae that can cause a wide range of human disease such as enteric fever, gastroenteritis and bacteremia. Here we sequenced two genomes of Salmonella bacteria isolated from the Gallus gallus domesticus host. Genomic DNA of the two Salmonella isolates were extracted and subjected to whole genome sequencing using Illumina platform. The draft genome size of the two Salmonella isolates was determined to be 4,902,295 bp (S18) and 4,847,310 bp (S20) respectively. The percentage of GC content for both draft genomes is the same which is 52.1%. Both the whole genome shotgun project (S18 and S20) has been deposited in National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive under the accession number of SRR7503041 (S18) and SRR7503040 (S20). The sequenced genome (S18 and S20) were aligned with the reference genome and three other Salmonella genomes from serogroup B, D and E. The data obtained show the presence of unique DNA sequences in S18 and S20 genomes. This unique DNA sequences are from the fimbrial gene group.

Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever
Fulltext Prevalence of comorbidities in covid-19 patients: an overview

Durga Darshene Kunasegran, Kohila Gengatharan, Rani Thanuja Logeswaran, Viknesuwary Subramaniam, Durgadas Govind Naik

Journal of Management & Science, 2020;18(2):40-46.
MyJurnal

Coronaviruses are known to cause fatal diseases like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and recently recognised coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). It is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a single-stranded RNA virus. This review is done to study the clinical presentation, comorbid conditions in COVID-19 patients. The relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Science direct and special issues in JAMA, and the New England Journal of Medicine. Only selected papers were used for data extraction and synthesis. The exact source of current pandemic of Covid-19 is not known. The main clinical symptoms include fever, dry cough, myalgia, dyspnoea. Other symptoms presented are headache, malaise, chills/rigor and diarrhoea. The mortality rate was high in above 60 years of age with the comorbid conditions. The data analysis revealed varied mortality rates in different regions. The mortality rate of COVID-19 has been highest among elderly individuals with the comorbid conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever
Malaria with special reference to rubber and oil palm estates

O'Holohan DR

Family Practitioner, 1982;5:13-21.

Malaria is still a very real threat to health in S.E. Asia including Malaysia. While there has been a dramatic fall in the number of cases and also the number of deaths from the disease in Malaysia cases are still occurring and there has actually been a rise in the number of deaths in the past year. Parts of Perak and the East Coast states are still high risk areas in Peninsular Malaysia. While 95 percent of the population of Peninsular Malaysia is now malaria-free there has also been a concomitant loss of herd immunity which means that if a non-immune person contracts falciparum malaria he stands a greater chance of a fatal outcome. Doctors and other health personnel should be more malaria conscious and make a practice of making blood films of all cases of fever. This is especially important in the rural areas and Estate Hospital Assistants must be encouraged to look for malaria parasites in their fever patients. The younger generation of EHAs have little experience of malaria and a definite policy of education to bring them up to date in antimalarial work and microscopic detection of the parasite should be under taken by the industry. Some problems of chemotherapy and drug resistance are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever

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