MyMedR

Displaying publications 321 - 340 of 5835 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Giant Cell Tumor of the Ribs and Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Presenting With Hemothorax in a Child

Alias H, Doris Lau SC, Loh CK, Ishak MI, Mohammed F, Jamal R, et al.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 2017 11;39(8):e463-e465.
PMID: 28859035 DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000960

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is one of the most common tumors of bone and is the most common precursor of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC). The clinical behavior of concurrent GCT and ABC can be very aggressive in children. GCT of the ribs, with or without ABC, is rarely seen in children. We report a case of an 8-year-old girl with GCT and associated ABC of the ribs who presented with sudden onset of chest pain and breathlessness due to a hemothorax. The patient was successfully treated by surgical resections and arterial embolization. She has remained well for 4 years after the initial surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Chest Pain/diagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Hemothorax/diagnosis*; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/diagnosis*; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/diagnosis*
Fulltext Granulomatous hypophysitis: a case of severe headache

Wan Muhamad Hatta SF, Hamdan MF, Md Ali SA, Abdul Ghani R

BMJ Case Rep, 2016 Sep 09;2016.
PMID: 27613264 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216395

Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis (GH) is an uncommon inflammatory disease of the pituitary with impairment of pituitary gland function due to infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with worsening of headaches for 1 month and blurring of vision over 5 days. An MRI revealed a homogeneous supra-sellar mass evoking a pituitary tumour with bulky pituitary stalk extending into the left and right cavernous sinuses. Hormonal investigations showed anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies; meanwhile histopathological examination revealed an aspect of hypophysitis. Clinical and radiological remission occurred immediately postglucocorticoid therapy with the addition of a steroid-sparing agent later in view of recurrence of symptoms on glucocorticoid dose reduction. GH has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications, as clinical and radiological features ameliorate via medical treatment. With further understanding and recognition of the disease, we hope to highlight a case of GH, in which signs and symptoms improved after initiation of corticosteroids.

Matched MeSH terms: Granuloma/diagnosis; Headache/diagnosis*; Hypopituitarism/diagnosis; Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis; Vision Disorders/diagnosis; Hypophysitis/diagnosis*
Fulltext Leucocoria in a boy with Kawasaki disease: a diagnostic challenge

Che Mahiran CD, Alagaratnam J, Liza-Sharmini AT

Singapore Med J, 2009 Jul;50(7):e232-4.
PMID: 19644606

Retinoblastoma, the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, usually presents in the first three years of life. Atypical presentation of retinoblastoma can masquerade as virtually any ocular or orbital pathology, which may lead to diagnostic dilemmas especially in the presence of other systemic diseases. We report a 20-month-old boy who was diagnosed with coronary aneurysm as a complication of Kawasaki disease, and presented with sudden left eye redness. His mother noticed the presence of white pupillary reflex three months earlier. Atypical acute ocular presentation secondary to Kawasaki disease was initially suspected, but the presence of multiple calcification and mild proptosis on imaging suggested characteristics of advanced retinoblastoma. Histopathological examination of the enucleated eye, which revealed a classical rosette pattern appearance, confirmed the diagnosis. Atypical presentations of retinoblastoma are usually associated with advanced disease. The presence of other systemic conditions further complicates the diagnosis. Early diagnosis is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Aneurysm/diagnosis*; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Diseases/diagnosis; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis*; Retinoblastoma/diagnosis*; Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis
Fulltext Fibreoptic bronchoscopy--a Malaysian experience

Yaacob I, Harun Z, Ahmad Z

Singapore Med J, 1991 Feb;32(1):26-8.
PMID: 2017700

Two hundred and ninety-three bronchoscopies were done for 285 patients (78% males, 22% females) at Hospital University Sains Malaysia between 1984 and 1988. The mean age was 56.4 years (range 13 to 90 years). 70.2% of patients underwent bronchoscopies to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of carcinoma of the bronchus, out of which 58% were confirmed to have bronchial carcinoma. 77% of the 98 patients with visible endobronchial tumours had biopsy specimens diagnostic of malignancy. Brushing and washing cytology increased the positive yield to 92%. The commonest histological type of bronchial carcinoma identified was squamous cell carcinoma (48.1%), followed by small cell carcinoma (27.1%), anaplastic/undifferentiated carcinoma (12.9%), adenocarcinoma (9.4%) and large cell carcinoma (2.4%). Bronchoscopy for the investigation of haemoptysis identified the commonest cause as 'bronchitis'. There were no complications noted in our series. Notable differences of our experience compared to that of the western series were the high percentage of bronchoscopy done for infective respiratory disorders and the younger age of our patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Carcinoma/diagnosis*; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/diagnosis; Hemoptysis/diagnosis; Lung Diseases/diagnosis*; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
Fulltext The application of biomedical engineering techniques to the diagnosis and management of tropical diseases: a review

Ibrahim F, Thio TH, Faisal T, Neuman M

Sensors (Basel), 2015 Mar 23;15(3):6947-95.
PMID: 25806872 DOI: 10.3390/s150306947

This paper reviews a number of biomedical engineering approaches to help aid in the detection and treatment of tropical diseases such as dengue, malaria, cholera, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, ebola, leprosy, leishmaniasis, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas). Many different forms of non-invasive approaches such as ultrasound, echocardiography and electrocardiography, bioelectrical impedance, optical detection, simplified and rapid serological tests such as lab-on-chip and micro-/nano-fluidic platforms and medical support systems such as artificial intelligence clinical support systems are discussed. The paper also reviewed the novel clinical diagnosis and management systems using artificial intelligence and bioelectrical impedance techniques for dengue clinical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Leishmaniasis/diagnosis; Leprosy/diagnosis; Malaria/diagnosis; Schistosomiasis/diagnosis; Chagas Disease/diagnosis; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/diagnosis
Management of the pregnant mother with malignant conditions

Sivanesaratnam V

Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2001 Apr;13(2):121-5.
PMID: 11315864

A malignancy discovered in pregnancy is often difficult to manage; the optimal maternal therapy has to be balanced with the fetal well-being. Generally, the cancer is managed as though the patient is not pregnant. For the various site-specific cancers, surgery is the main modality of treatment; this should be individualized. Chemotherapeutic agents are highly teratogenic in the first trimester, with some adverse effects when used after 12 weeks' gestation. The overall survival rate for pregnancy-associated breast cancer is poor; the reasons for this are discussed. For cervical cancer, delivery by caesarean section appears to be the method of choice, with significantly better survival rates compared with those who deliver vaginally. Other gynaecological and non-gynaecological malignancies are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis; Choriocarcinoma/diagnosis; Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis; Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis
Cullen and Grey Turner signs in abdominal pain

Chuah YY, Lee YY

Med J Aust, 2021 03;214(4):164.
PMID: 33458825 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50924
Matched MeSH terms: Ascites/diagnosis*; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis*; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Peritoneal Diseases/diagnosis*; Abdominal Pain/diagnosis*
OHVIRA syndrome: clinical implications of a delayed diagnosis

Mohd Adzlan F, Mohd K, Ahmad N, Ramli R

BMJ Case Rep, 2024 May 22;17(5).
PMID: 38782440 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-259861

Obstructed Hemi Vagina with Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome is a rarely encountered müllerian duct anomaly. Delayed diagnosis is common due to normal onset of puberty and menstruation. We report a case of a woman in her early 20s with a background history of multiple emergency department visits, ward admissions and surgeries for chronic abdominal pain. She was reviewed at 1 month postlaparotomy for recurrent pelvic abscess and was finally diagnosed to have an OHVIRA syndrome, 11 years after her first clinical presentation. Excision of the vaginal septum completely resolved her symptoms. We are reporting this case to highlight the clinical implications resulting from the delayed diagnosis, to look into factors contributing to the delay and to highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion to diagnose this unique condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis; Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Kidney Diseases/diagnosis; Delayed Diagnosis*
Fulltext Cerebral infarction and cerebral salt wasting syndrome in a patient with tuberculous meningoencephalitis

Loo KL, Ramachandran R, Abdullah BJ, Chow SK, Goh EM, Yeap SS

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2003 Sep;34(3):636-40.
PMID: 15115143

A 38-year old female with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted with tuberculous meningoencephalitis. After an initial good response to anti-tuberculous treatment, she developed cerebral infarction and profound hyponatremia. This was due to cerebral salt wasting syndrome, which has only previously been described in 2 cases. The difficulties in diagnosis and management of this case are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Hyponatremia/diagnosis; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/diagnosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis; Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis; Tuberculosis, Meningeal/diagnosis
A prospective study of ocular manifestations in childhood acute leukaemia

Reddy SC, Menon BS

Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 1998 Dec;76(6):700-3.
PMID: 9881556

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of ocular manifestations in childhood acute leukaemia at the time of presentation.
METHODS: Eighty-two children with acute leukaemia were examined for ocular lesions within two days of diagnosis before starting chemotherapy. The detailed ocular examination of both eyes was carried out by the ophthalmologist irrespective of the presence or absence of eye symptoms in all cases.
RESULTS: Only 3 out of 82 children presented with eye symptoms (3.6%). However, ocular changes were found in 14 children (17%); ten with lymphoblastic and four with myeloid leukaemia. The ocular lesions observed were proptosis, intraretinal haemorrhages, white centered haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, macular haemorrhage, subhyaloid haemorrhage, vitreous haemorrhage, papilloedema, cortical blindness, sixth nerve palsy, and exudative retinal detachment with choroidal infiltration.
CONCLUSION: In view of the high prevalence of asymptomatic ocular lesions in childhood acute leukaemia, routine ophthalmic examination should be included as a part of evaluation at the time of diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Exophthalmos/diagnosis; Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis; Retinal Detachment/diagnosis; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis; Retinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis; Vitreous Hemorrhage/diagnosis; Choroid Diseases/diagnosis; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
Parasitic worms of the central nervous system: an Australian perspective

Hughes AJ, Biggs BA

Intern Med J, 2002 Nov;32(11):541-53.
PMID: 12412938

The diagnosis and management of parasitic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is difficult, even for infectious diseases physicians and neurologists. Furthermore, few overviews of the spectrum of causative helminths and clinical syndromes have been published. In the present study, we review the seven most common parasitic diseases of the CNS: (i) cysticercosis, (ii) neuroschistosomiasis, (iii) paragonimiasis, (iv) angiostrongyliasis, (v) hydatid disease, (vi) sparganosis and (vii) gnathostomiasis. Major syndromes of parasitic disease of the CNS and their differential causes are discussed, including: (i) cystic lesions, (ii) enhancing granulomas (with and without creeping subcutaneous eruptions), (iii) eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and (iv) spinal cord disease. Specific risk factors that predispose to these infections are also discussed and particular attention is drawn to the situation in Australia.

Matched MeSH terms: Echinococcosis/diagnosis; Paragonimiasis/diagnosis; Sparganosis/diagnosis; Spirurida Infections/diagnosis; Strongylida Infections/diagnosis; Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis; Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections/diagnosis*; Neuroschistosomiasis/diagnosis
Fulltext α-Thalassemia with Haemoglobin Adana mutation: prenatal diagnosis

Zainal NZ, Alauddin H, Ahmad S, Hussin NH

Malays J Pathol, 2014 Dec;36(3):207-11.
PMID: 25500521

Thalassaemia carriers are common in the Asian region including Malaysia. Asymptomatic patients can be undiagnosed until they present for their antenatal visits. Devastating obstetric outcome may further complicate the pregnancy if both parents are thalassaemia carriers leading to hydrophic fetus due to haemoglobin Bart's disease. However in certain cases where unexplained hydrops fetalis occur in parents with heterozygous thalassaemia carrier,mutated α genes should be suspected. We report a twenty-nine year old woman in her third pregnancy with two previous pregnancies complicated by early neonatal death at 21 and 28 weeks of gestation due to hydrops fetalis. DNA analysis revealed the patient to have heterozygous (--SEA) α-gene deletion, while her husband has a compound heterozygosity for α(3.7) deletion and codon 59 (GGC → GAC) mutation of the α-gene. This mutation, also known as hemoglobin Adana, can explain hydrops fetalis resulting from two alpha gene deletions from the patient (mother) and a single alpha gene deletion with mutation from the father. The third pregnancy resulted in a grossly normal baby boy with 3 α-gene deletions (HbH disease). We postulate that, in view of heterogenisity of the α-thalassaemia in this patient with severely unstable haemoglobin Adana chains from her husband, there will be a 25% possibility of fetal hydrops in every pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Prenatal Diagnosis/methods*; Hydrops Fetalis/diagnosis; alpha-Thalassemia/diagnosis
Fulltext Central nervous system Erdheim Chester disease presenting with raised intracranial pressure and cerebellar signs mimicking neurosarcoidosis with secondary cerebral venous thrombosis

Viswanathan S, Kadir NA, Lip AC, Rafia MH

Neurol India, 2014 Jul-Aug;62(4):446-8.
PMID: 25237960 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.141250
Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*; Diagnosis, Differential; Sarcoidosis/diagnosis*; Erdheim-Chester Disease/diagnosis*
Fulltext Extensive lip ulcers: a case report. Erythema multiforme

Chean KY

Aust Fam Physician, 2014 Jul;43(7):443-4.
PMID: 25006604
Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Erythema Multiforme/diagnosis*; Lip Diseases/diagnosis*; Ulcer/diagnosis*
Fulltext Mediastinal lipoblastoma: unexpected finding of a chest infection

Hanafiah M, Noryati M, Arni T

BMJ Case Rep, 2013;2013.
PMID: 23737588 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009879

A 2-year-old boy was presented with symptoms of chest infection. The chest radiograph showed a large mediastinal mass, which led to further investigations including biopsy of the tumour. Histopathological analysis revealed a diagnosis of lipoblastoma. We highlight the imaging appearance of the lesion. Although histopathological analysis is required for the confirmation of the diagnosis, cross-sectional imaging is useful in evaluating the extent of the tumour for surgical planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis*; Lipoblastoma/diagnosis*
Assessment and clinical significance of haematuria in Malaysian patients - relevance to early cancer diagnosis

Ng KL, Htun TH, Dublin N, Ong TA, Razack AH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(6):2515-8.
PMID: 22938414

AIM: To study the causes and significance of both microscopic and macroscopic haematuria in adult patients and assess possible relevance to early detection of urological cancers.
METHODS: 417 patients presenting with haematuria were assessed in our Urology Unit. Following confirmation of haematuria, these patients were subjected to imaging techniques and flexible cystoscopy. Parameters analysed included clinical characteristics, imaging results, flexible cystoscopy findings, time delay to diagnoses and eventual treatment and final diagnoses of all cases.
RESULTS: 390 haematuria cases were analysed from 417 consecutive patients with haematuria. After 27 cases were excluded as they had previous history, 245 microscopic and 145 macroscopic. Age range was 17 to 95 years old with predominance of 152 females to 239 males. The racial distribution included 180 Chinese, 100 Indians,95 Malays and 15 other races. The final diagnoses were benign prostatic hyperplasia (22.6%), no cause found (22.3%), other causes (18.7%), urolithiasis (11.5%), urinary tract infection UTI (10.8%), non specific cystitis (10.3%), bladder tumours (2.8%) and other genitourinary tumours (1%). 11 new cases (2.8%) of bladder cancers were diagnosed, with a mean age of 59 years. Only 3 of 245 (1.2%) patients with microscopic haematuria had newly diagnosed bladder tumour compared with 8 of 145 (5.5%) patients with frank haematuria (p=0.016). Mean time taken from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of bladder cancer was 53.3 days with definitive treatment (TURBT) in 20.1 days from diagnosis.
CONCLUSION: - This study has highlighted the common causes of haematuria in our local setting. We recommend that full and appropriate investigations be carried out on patients with frank haematuria especially those above 50 years old in order to provide earlier detection and prompt management of bladder diseases especially tumours.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis*; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis*; Urolithiasis/diagnosis*
Fulltext CNS toxoplasmosis presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus in patients of retroviral disease--a case series

Basavaprabhu A, Mahalingam S, Deepak M, Satish R

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):214-6.
PMID: 22822648

CNS toxoplasmosis presenting as hydrocephalus is a very rare entity. We present three cases of HIV positive patients whose brain imaging revealed hydrocephalus and who improved with anti toxoplasma medication along with intravenous steroids and did not require any CSF shunting procedures. The mechanism of hydrocephalus in CNS toxoplasmosis is usually due to compression of CSF outflow pathway by ring enhancing lesions but even in their absence hydrocephalus can be rarely seen due to ventriculitis. Hence in HIV positive patients with unexplained hydrocephalus CNS toxoplasmosis should be considered and such patients if started on treatment early have a good prognosis without requiring neurosurgical intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Hydrocephalus/diagnosis*; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/diagnosis*; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis*
Fulltext Atrial flutter and pericarditis--a rare complication of right lobe amoebic liver abscess

Murali A, Balu K, Paari V, Rajendiran G

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):499-500.
PMID: 22390111

A 38 year old gentleman presented with fever and right hypochondrial pain. On further evaluation he was detected to have an amoebic liver abscess (ALA) in the right lobe of the liver. The abscess yielded anchovy sauce pus on percutaneous drainage. Following the percutaneous drainage the patient developed tachycardia. Electrocardiogram revealed atrial flutter with rapid ventricular rate and ST elevation in all leads suggestive of pericarditis. The atrial flutter was reverted to sinus rhythm by cardioversion. The patient then had an uncomplicated convalescence. Amoebic pericarditis, though rare, is a serious complication of amoebic liver abscess. Pericardial complications are usually seen with left lobe liver abscess due to its proximity. Both pericarditis and cardiac arrhythmias due to amoebic liver abscess especially from right lobe are very rare.

Matched MeSH terms: Atrial Flutter/diagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Liver Abscess, Amebic/diagnosis; Pericarditis/diagnosis
Fulltext Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma mimicking an latrogenic lateral nasal wall infection: a diagnostic dilemma

Saleh KA, Razif, Gendeh BS

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):160-1.
PMID: 22106705

Extra nodal NK/T cell lymphoma, 'nasal type' is a rare clinicopathological entity. The prevalence of nasal lymphoma is estimated at 0.17-1.5% for all non -Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), of which 45% originate from the NK/T cell. It is more commonly encountered in Asian countries. The main clinical features are nasal congestion and epistaxis due to local aggressive destruction. It has a distinct immunophenotypic profile of CD2+, CD56+ and CD3-. The tumor often shows polymorphic lymphoreticular infiltrates and necrosis. We present a case of a 50-year-old male who presented with lateral nasal wall infection following endoscopic sinonasal surgery and later proven to be extranodal NK/T cell 'nasal type' lymphoma with immunophenotypic features.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Nose Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Rhinitis/diagnosis*; Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis*
Fulltext Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma: a case report

Irfan M, Shahid H, Yusri MM, Venkatesh RN

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):150-1.
PMID: 22106700 MyJurnal

Schwannoma in the head and neck region is very rare. The tumour occurring in the intraparotid facial nerve is even rarer. A patient presenting with a parotid swelling with facial nerve paralysis is not pathognomonic of a facial nerve schwannoma. However it may occur because enlargement of the parotid, by any kind of tumour especially a malignant one can cause facial nerve paralysis. We report a case of an intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma, in a patient who presented with parotid enlargement and facial nerve paralysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Facial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis*; Neurilemmoma/diagnosis*; Parotid Neoplasms/diagnosis*

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator ([email protected])

External Links