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Genetics and polymorphism of a duplicated malate dehydrogenase (MDH) locus in the grasshopper Oxya japonica japonica (Orthoptera:Acrididae:Oxyinae)

Chan KL, Yushayati Y, Guganeswaran P

Biochem Genet, 1991 Aug;29(7-8):337-44.
PMID: 1747096

A biochemical genetic study of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was conducted in the grasshopper Oxya j. japonica. Analysis of MDH electrophoretic variation in this species of grasshopper shows that one of the two autosomal loci for MDH in grasshoppers, the Mdh-2 locus, controlling the anodal set of MDH isozymes, is duplicated. Results of breeding studies confirm this and the observed polymorphism at the Mdh-2 locus in the two populations of Oxya j. japonica studied can be attributed to three forms of linked alleles at the duplicated locus in equilibrium in both populations. In this respect, all individuals of this species possess heterozygous allelic combinations at the duplicated Mdh-2 locus, which may account for the spread of the duplicated locus in the populations of this species of grasshopper.

Matched MeSH terms: Multigene Family*
Fulltext Gender Socialisation and its Relation to Women’s Work and Family Conflict

NWANESI PETER KARUBI, ELAINE CHAI YEE NING

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

This article examines the impact of gender socialization in Malaysian families, especially on daughters regarding their perception towards work inside and outside the home. Hence, this study utilized in-depth interview as part of the qualitative methods to obtain quality data needed. The study establishes, that patriarchy environment, especially one with the classic model of ‘breadwinner father, housewife mother’ creates a pressure on women to bear more household responsibility. Thus, the dominant gender ideologies are entangled with ‘motherhood mandate’ and ‘superior feminine virtue’ that is associated with the reason women left the labour force. It was equally necessary to point out here that other agents of socialization such as media, peers and education played its part as well and influenced the respondent’s conformity to patriarchal values.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics; Nuclear Family
Family functioning, coping strategy, and suicidal ideation among adolescents

Cong CW, Ling WS, Fitriana M

J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 2020 12 22;32(2-3):131-140.
PMID: 33345736 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2020.1848852

Background and aim: Adolescent suicide has become a central issue around the world, including in Malaysia, which needs attention. The current study investigated the mediating effect of coping strategy in the association between family functioning and suicidal ideation among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Method: A total of 852 school-attending adolescents aged 13-17 years were recruited by multistage cluster sampling. The relationships between all the study variables were analysed using Pearson's correlation. Moreover, the mediation model was tested using SPSS PROCESS macro, while sex differences in suicidal ideation were examined using independent samples t-test. Results: Results showed that family cohesion, family flexibility, and problem-focused coping negatively correlated with adolescents' suicidal ideation. Problem-focused coping also mediated the association between family flexibility and suicidal ideation. There was a significant difference in suicidal ideation for males and females. Conclusion: Family functioning and coping strategy are related to adolescents' suicidal ideation, while problem-focused coping plays a crucial role in the relationship between family flexibility and suicidal ideation.

Matched MeSH terms: Family/psychology*
Fulltext Haematinics for anaemia in the elderly

Khoo SB

Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(1):7-14.
MyJurnal

Anaemia is the most common haematological problem in the elderly population. Using WHO criteria for anaemia (Hb of <12 g/dL in women and <13 g/dL in men), the prevalence of anaemia in the elderly has been found to range from 8-44% with the highest prevalence in men 85 years and older. Anaemia must not be considered simply as part of ageing because in 80% of cases, there is an underlying cause for Hb
levels of <12 g/dL in the elderly. Anaemia has negative impacts on the quality of life for the elderly and there is evidence of improved morbidity and
mortality after correction of anaemia. Chronic disease and thalassaemia may also cause microcytic anaemia besides iron deficiency and not all vitamin B12 and folate deficiency present with macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia. Nutritional deficiency anaemias are common, easily diagnosed, treatments are simple, inexpensive and effective. Tests for nutritional anaemia have to be given priority in the assessment before a patient is subjected to invasive tests to look for less common causes of anaemia. Serum ferritin which is the best non-invasive test for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia may be increased in the elderly while serum iron and transferrin decrease with ageing. Serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HC) levels are sensitive for detecting subclinical vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Routine iron therapy in non-anaemic elderly or in those without iron deficiency anaemia is of no use and may be detrimental to their health. Folate therapy may improve anaemia but may mask the signs and symptoms of neurological damage due to concomitant
vitamin B12 deficiency. Blood transfusion offers prompt symptom relief of anaemia in patients with terminal malignancy irrespective of the causes for the anaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Practice; Physicians, Family
Repatriation of human remains following death in international travellers

Connolly R, Prendiville R, Cusack D, Flaherty G

J Travel Med, 2017 Mar 01;24(2).
PMID: 28395093 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taw082

Background: Death during international travel and the repatriation of human remains to one's home country is a distressing and expensive process. Much organization is required involving close liaison between various agencies.
Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database. Search terms included: 'repatriation of remains', 'death', 'abroad', 'tourism', 'travel', 'travellers', 'travelling' and 'repatriation'. Additional articles were obtained from grey literature sources and reference lists.
Results: The local national embassy, travel insurance broker and tour operator are important sources of information to facilitate the repatriation of the deceased traveller. Formal identification of the deceased's remains is required and a funeral director must be appointed. Following this, the coroner in the country or jurisdiction receiving the repatriated remains will require a number of documents prior to providing clearance for burial. Costs involved in repatriating remains must be borne by the family of the deceased although travel insurance may help defray some of the costs. If the death is secondary to an infectious disease, cremation at the site of death is preferred. No standardized procedure is in place to deal with the remains of a migrant's body at present and these remains are often not repatriated to their country of origin.
Conclusions: Repatriation of human remains is a difficult task which is emotionally challenging for the bereaving family and friends. As a travel medicine practitioner, it is prudent to discuss all eventualities, including the risk of death, during the pre-travel consultation. Awareness of the procedures involved in this process may ease the burden on the grieving family at a difficult time.

Matched MeSH terms: Family/psychology
Fulltext Implementing standard setting into the Conjoint MAFP/FRACGP Part 1 examination - Process and issues

Chan SC, Mohd Amin S, Lee TW

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):2-8.
PMID: 28461851

BACKGROUND: The College of General Practitioners of Malaysia and the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners held the first Conjoint Member of the College of General Practitioners (MCGP)/Fellow of Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (FRACGP) examination in 1982, later renamed the Conjoint MAFP/FRACGP examinations. The examination assesses competency for safe independent general practice and as family medicine specialists in Malaysia. Therefore, a defensible standard set pass mark is imperative to separate the competent from the incompetent.

OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses the process and issues encountered in implementing standard setting to the Conjoint Part 1 examination.

DISCUSSION: Critical to success in standard setting were judges' understanding of the process of the modified Angoff method, defining the borderline candidate's characteristics and the composition of judges. These were overcome by repeated hands-on training, provision of detailed guidelines and careful selection of judges. In December 2013, 16 judges successfully standard set the Part 1 Conjoint examinations, with high inter-rater reliability: Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.926 (Applied Knowledge Test), 0.921 (Key Feature Problems).

Matched MeSH terms: Family Practice; Physicians, Family
Laboratory needs in general practice

Penang Chapter, College of General Practitioners, Malaysia

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Sep;32(1):56-8.
PMID: 609345
Matched MeSH terms: Family Practice*
Selectivity of early adopters of contraception in West Malaysia

Verbrugge L

Stud Fam Plann, 1973 Jul;4(7):173-83.
PMID: 4730759 DOI: 10.2307/1965331
Matched MeSH terms: Family; Family Planning Services
Fulltext Amalan perancang keluarga dan faktor hubungkait bagi penduduk wanita daerah Hulu Langat, Selangor

Jamsiah, M., Rahmah, M.A., Sh Ezat, W.P., Shamsul, A.S.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(1):57-63.
MyJurnal

Background : Family planning is a method to control family size and to increase the intervals between chidbirths using multiple methods of contraceptives.
Objectives : This study aims to determine the pravelance of family planning practice among married women (wife less than 55 years old) and its related factors and also to determine the husbands knowledge on family planning and their support.
Methodology : This is a cross sectional study done through direct interviews amongst 118 married couples in Kampung Sesapan Batu Mingkabau, Hulu Langat Selangor.
Results : On family planning practise, 43.2% of couples is currently practising, 22.0% have practiced but stopped and 34.8% have never used any types of family planning methods. As high as 75% of wives received support from their husband to pratice family planning. There is a significant association between family planning practice and wife’s age, husband’s age, wife’s occupation, wife’s education, wife’s knowledge and husband’s support. Husband’s knowledge , number of live children and husband’s education have no significant assocation in influencing family planning practice.
Conclusion : To achieve better knowledge and family planning practises, husband’s involvement and support must be encouraged to ensure the correct informations and support are delivered to both couples. Approach through husbands is regarded as one of the key factors to the success of rural women family planning practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics; Family Planning Services
Sociocultural factors leading to physical child abuse and neglect a case control study of 35 families admitted to the paediatric wards Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Chandran, V., Mohd Sham Kasim, Haliza Mohd Shafie

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1994;6(1):22-31.
MyJurnal

A case control study of the families of 35 physically abused and neglected children was conducted to examine some of the family characteristics and sociocultural factors which may contribute to physical abuse and neglect. The cases were matched for sex, ethnic group and as far as possible for age with children admitted to the children's hospital for other medical illness. Physically abused children were more likely to come from disrupted, reconstructed or single parent families and these children had separation experiencesfrom their families during early childhoodfor various reasons including periods of family crisis, parental death, financial difficulties, inability to cope with large family size and cultural beliefs and superstition. Social isolation, alcoholism and drug abuse were also shown to be statistically significant amongst these families.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics; Single-Parent Family
Fulltext Care demands-related concerns and perceived service needs of families of people with mental illness in the community

Saloma, P., Chan, K.G., Ong, M.F.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(1):17-26.
MyJurnal

Owing to reduced inpatient stays, people with mental illness (PMI) were often discharged from the hospital in ‘acute’ conditions. During this transition period of fragility, the relocation of care from hospital to home has tremendous impact on every aspect of a family’s life as they need to face a challenging task of caring especially when they are ‘not ready’ and ‘ignorant’ about the chronicity and severity of the illness. Furthermore, where economic and psychological support is concerned, those who are undertaking this task may require significant professional guidance. Aims: This study examines the experiences of 100 families in caring for people with mental illness in the community. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted in their homes within three Malaysian states of Sabah, Sarawak and Johor in year 2013. Results: Three themes emerged from the findings of ‘care demands related concerns’ of these families. These include theme (1): care provision related concerns of families which were related to the needs of people with mental illness for continuing care provision, their non-compliance with medication and relapse, altered sleep pattern, limited self-care ability, behavioral problems and also social isolation. Theme (2): perceived availability of resources of service provision/support which were related to activities planned for the families before the discharge of the people with mental illness and theme (3): family members perceived service needs whereby they informed of their needs such as continual health care through home visit, provision of financial aid, job coach service, centre for care provision of PMI and rehabilitative programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Family; Family Relations
Fulltext The role of traditional birth attendants in family planning programs in Southeast Asia

Peng JY

Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1979 9 1;17(2):108-13.
PMID: 41751 DOI: 10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00128.x

The training and utilization of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in maternal and child health and family planning programs in Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia are discussed. Special efforts to organize and train TBAs for family planning in Malaysia are examined in detail. Import factors for successful utilization of TBAs include: (a) definite assignment of functions and tasks, (b) organization of good operational steps and (c) implementation of good supervisory activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Planning Services*
The unmet need for birth control in five Asian countries

Westoff CF

Fam Plann Perspect, 1978 May-Jun;10(3):173-81.
PMID: 658326

The unmet need for family planning services is remarkably constant across all five countries because of the interaction of fertility intentions and fertility control: as more women use contraception, more of them want fewer children.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Planning Services*
Village midwives in Malaysia

Peng JY, Laily N, Bakar A, Bin Marzuki A

Stud Fam Plann, 1972 Feb;3(2):25-8.
PMID: 4656053 DOI: 10.2307/1965087

PIP: 292 village midwives (bidans) in Malaysia were interviewed between January 1969 and December 1970 as they came to report for training. The mean age was 47.3, 80% had had no schooling, 43% had practiced less than 10 years (32% between 10 and 20 years, 21% between 20 and 30 years, and 4% more than 30 years). On the average each bidan reported attending 3 deliveries during the past month and 26 during the past year. The average charge per delivery was about U.S.$2.00. Of 267 who responded to a question concerning other services they provided, 50% said they performed massages, 30% performed massages combined with other services, 12% said they did not do anything other than midwifery and 7% prescribed herbs and performed abortions. 67% said they first had contact with the mother during the seventh to ninth month of pregnancy, 42% between the fourth and sixth month, and 7% at or before the third month. 40% said the postpartum care lasted less than 1 week, 40% from 1-2 weeks and 19% between 2-7 weeks. Only 2 out of 198 bidans disapproved of family planning services. 99% were not worried that this would affect their job in conducting deliveries. 62% had been approached by women about family planning information services during the last 3 months. 95% thought they could help to promote the government's program by recruiting patients and distributing contraceptives. Since oral contraceptives are the most frequently used contraceptive in Malaysia, bidans could resupply the women with the pill. They could play an important role in promoting contraceptive continuation in rural areas by providing women with a continuous motivation through their constant contact. The success of using bidans in rural family planning services will greatly depend on their supervision. They can be paid with a flat salary-type payment, with an incentive scheme alone, or a combination of the two.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Planning Services*
Fulltext Relationship between self-concept, family relationship and externalizing behavior among adolescents in Selangor

Patonah Zakaria, Amna Md. Noor, Azlina Mohd Khir

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):6-16.
MyJurnal

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family
relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency
behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of selfconcept,
family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as
well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400
students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage
cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from selfadministered
questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire
(1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior
Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of selfconcept,
family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the
results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant
differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics; Family Relations
Fulltext Continuity of care of diabetic patients in a family practice clinic: How important is it?

Hanafi NS, Teng CL, Yasin S

Asia Pac Fam Med, 2003;2(1):10-15.

Aim: To assess the importance of continuity of care among diabetic patients attending a primary care clinic and to correlate degree of continuity of care with diabetic control. Methods: A cross sectional survey was carried out among diabetic patients (n = 166) attending follow-up consultations in a family practice clinic of a teaching hospital. Face-to-face interviews were carried out on patients' perception of continuity of care and various aspects related to diabetes. Diabetic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin. Retrospective chart audits of each patient over the previous 28 months were done to assess the degree of continuity of care, measured with the Usual Provider Continuity Index (UPCI). Results: The UPCI ranged from 0.18 to 1.00 with a mean value of 0.60. The average number of visits per patient over the 28-month period was 11.7 visits. The majority of patients saw five different doctors for all their visits. There were no statistically significant associations between the degree of provider continuity with diabetic control (r = 0.054) and diabetic self-care behavior (r = 0.065). The majority of patients (89%) felt that it was important to have a regular doctor. The main reason given was that a regular doctor would know the patient's problems. Conclusions: Continuity of care was highly valued by diabetic patients attending a hospital-based family practice clinic. Even though the degree of continuity was not associated with the degree of diabetic control, patients felt that it was important to have doctors who are aware of their problems.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Practice; Physicians, Family
Sexual Health Problems: Attitudes and Practices of Malaysian General Practitioners

Low WY, Khoo EM, Tan HM

ISBN: 0-86471-096-8

Citation: Low WY, Khoo EM, Tan HM. Sexual Health Problems: Attitudes and Practices of Malaysian General Practitioners. Auckland: Adis International Ltd, 2002

Matched MeSH terms: Family Practice; Physicians, Family
Barriers to implementing a national health screening program for men in Malaysia: An online survey of healthcare providers

Ng CJ, Teo CH, Ang KM, Kok YL, Ashraf K, Leong HL, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(1):6-14.
PMID: 32284799

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the views and practices of healthcare providers and barriers they encountered when implementing the national health screening program for men in a public primary care setting in Malaysia.
Methods: An online survey was conducted among healthcare providers across public health clinics in Malaysia. All family medicine specialists, medical officers, nurses and assistant medical officers involved in the screening program for adult men were invited to answer a 51-item questionnaire via email or WhatsApp. The questionnaire comprised five sections: participants' socio-demographic information, current screening practices, barriers and facilitators to using the screening tool, and views on the content and format of the screening tool.
Results: A total of 231 healthcare providers from 129 health clinics participated in this survey. Among them, 37.44% perceived the implementation of the screening program as a "top-down decision." Although 37.44% found the screening tool for adult men "useful," some felt that it was "time consuming" to fill out (38.2%) and "lengthy" (28.3%). In addition, 'adult men refuse to answer' (24.1%) was cited as the most common patient-related barrier.
Conclusions: This study provided useful insights into the challenges encountered by the public healthcare providers when implementing a national screening program for men. The screening tool for adult men should be revised to make it more user-friendly. Further studies should explore the reasons why men were reluctant to participate in health screenings, thus enhancing the implementation of screening programs in primary care.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Practice; Physicians, Family
Knowledge, attitude and practice of Malay folk methods in family planning

Ab Razak R

Malays J Reprod Health, 1985;3(1 Supplement):S64-81.
PMID: 12320798
Matched MeSH terms: Family Planning Services*
A prospective study of the acceptability of Today vaginal contraceptive sponge among Malaysian women

Ismail MT, Halim AJ, Arshat H

Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Jun;5(1):17-21.
PMID: 12269177
Matched MeSH terms: Family Planning Services*

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