MyMedR

Relationship between head growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of Malaysian very low birthweight infants during the 1st year of life

Ong LC, Boo NY, Chandran V, Zamratol SM, Allison L, Teoh SL, et al.

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1997 Sep;17(3):209-16.

PMID: 9425375

A prospective study was carried out to (i) compare head growth patterns of 103 very low birthweight (VLBW, < 1500 g) Malaysian infants and 98 normal birthweight (NBW, 2500- < 4500 g) controls during the 1st year of life; and (ii) examine the relationship between neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age and occipito-frontal head circumferences (OFC) at birth and at 1 year of age in VLBW babies. When compared with those of NBW infants at birth, mid-infancy and 1 year of age, the mean OFC ratios (observed/expected OFC at 50th percentile) of VLBW infants were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) VLBW babies had significantly lower mean OFC ratios than their appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) VLBW counterparts at birth (p < 0.001), but this difference was no longer seen at mid-infancy or at 1 year of age. Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal late neonatal cranial ultrasound findings (odds ratio 8.5, 95% confidence interval 4.12-22.07; p < 0.001) and each additional day of oxygen therapy (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.00-4.45; p = 0.045) were significant risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental disability at 1 year of age, while mean OFC ratios at birth or at 1 year of age were not. Poor postnatal head growth per se did not predict disability, but probably reflected the consequences of "brain injury" as evidenced by abnormal brain scans.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age/growth & development; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/growth & development*

Fulltext The frequency of pulmonary hypertension in newborn with intrauterine growth restriction

Abbas G, Shah S, Hanif M, Shah A, Rehman AU, Tahir S, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 05 15;10(1):8064.

PMID: 32415157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65065-2

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a clinical definition applied to neonates born with clinical features of malnutrition and in-utero growth retardation irrespective of their birth weight percentile. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in neonates with IUGR. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we followed 96 neonates with IUGR (≤28 days) and 38 neonates without IUGR born in the department of the neonatal intensive care unit children hospital complex Multan, Pakistan. We analyzed certain factors such as gender, gestational age (GA) (weeks), birth weight (BW in kg), weight percentile (WP) for GA, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), birth asphyxia (BA) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in IUGR and non-IUGR group. GA was measured by the Ballard scoring system. Echocardiography was performed for all patients by the pediatric cardiologist to measure pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure using Bernoulli's equation. Out of total 96 IUGR neonates, 33.3% (n = 32) suffered from PH, of which 65.3% (n = 18) were male and 43.7% (n = 14) were female. The percentages of IUGR neonates with BA, MAS and RDS were 34.4%, 18.8% and 22.9% respectively. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-16 software to test the statistical significance of the results. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. When the chi-square test was applied, it depicted that MAS was significantly associated with PH in IUGR neonates (p = 0.0001) compared to non-IUGR neonates. Our findings suggested an increased chance of PH in IUGR neonates and MAS may be a strong factor.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology*; Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology; Infant, Small for Gestational Age*

Fulltext Association between adolescent motherhood and maternal and child health indices in Maiduguri, Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study

Oyeyemi AL, Aliyu SU, Sa'ad F, Rufa'i AA, Jajere ARM, Oyeyemi AY

BMJ Open, 2019 03 08;9(3):e024017.

PMID: 30852533 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024017

INTRODUCTION: Adolescent motherhood (childbearing below 18 years of age) is a major global health and social problem. Understanding the impact of early motherhood on maternal and child health indices is important to community and population health promotion in developing countries. This study examined the association between adolescent motherhood and maternal and child health indices in Maiduguri, Nigeria.

METHODS: A cross-sectional design method was used to recruit 220 mothers (age=14-25 years) from four communities in the city of Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. Participants were surveyed using a self-developed interviewer-administered questionnaire that assesses maternal and child health indices and sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute adjusted OR and 95% CI of the associations between motherhood in adolescence (mothers below 18 years old) and maternal and child health indices.

RESULTS: Compared to adult mothers, adolescent mothers were more likely to experience fistula (OR=5.01, 95% CI=3.01 to 14.27), to have postpartum haemorrhage (OR=6.83, 95% CI=2.93 to 15.92), to have sexually transmitted infections (OR=6.29, 95% CI=2.26 to 17.51) and to lose a child within 5 years of birth (OR=3.52, 95% CI=1.07 to 11.60). Children born to adolescent mothers were less likely to have normal weight at birth (OR=0.34, CI=0.15 to 0.73) than those born to adult mothers.

CONCLUSION: Adolescent motherhood was associated with negative maternal and child health indices. The findings can be used by public health professionals including physiotherapists in this role to inform effective primary healthcare practice and community health advocacy to improve maternal and child health indices among adolescent mothers in Maiduguri. Future studies are needed to confirm the evidence at the regional or national level including the rural population in Nigeria.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Health*; Infant; Infant Mortality*; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Oesophageal intubation and ventilation as initial airway support of newborn infant with tracheal agenesis

Wong AC, Khoo CS, Ee YS, Sidhu JK, Chan LG

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):189-90.

PMID: 25500849 MyJurnal

Tracheal agenesis is a rare congenital airway anomaly which presents as an airway emergency at birth. We report a case of late premature Chinese infant with tracheal agenesis type II (by Floyd's classification) who presented with severe respiratory distress at birth. He had multiple failed attempts at intubations with accidental oesophageal intubation and ventilation. Tracheal agenesis with tracheo-oesophageal fistula was suspected from an emergency optical laryngoesophagoscopy done. The infant was subsequently stabilized on oesophageal ventilation. The diagnosis was confirmed on CT scan and parents were counseled regarding the poor outcome and decided for withdrawal at day 7 of life.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Congenital vallecular cyst with polydactyly - A rare cause of stridor and failure to thrive

Khode SR, Gosrani N, Golhar S, Vedi J

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Apr;69(2):101-2.

PMID: 25241823

Congenital vallecular cyst is an uncommon, benign but potentially dangerous condition causing respiratory distress and stridor. It is associated with sudden upper airway obstruction resulting in death due to its anatomical location in neonates and infants. We reported a rare case of 2 months old male infant presented with respiratory obstruction with failure to thrive with polydactyly (rarest finding) and managed timely with appropriate surgical marsupialization.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Effect of current breastfeeding on sleep patterns in infants from Asia-Pacific region

Ramamurthy MB, Sekartini R, Ruangdaraganon N, Huynh DH, Sadeh A, Mindell JA

J Paediatr Child Health, 2012 Aug;48(8):669-74.

PMID: 22616943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02453.x

AIM:
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and sleep patterns in infants from Asia-Pacific region.

METHODS:
Parents of 10 321 infants (0-11 months) from Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam completed an expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Overall, 4714 (45.72%) were currently being breastfed; 61.3% of those between 0 and 5 months and 36.6% of those between 6 and 11 months. Currently breastfed infants, when compared with not currently breastfed infants, had a significant increase in the number and duration of night-time wakings and less consolidated sleep. Interestingly, currently breastfed infants less than 6 months also showed longer duration of daytime sleep and obtained more sleep overall. Of note, of those who were currently breastfed, those infants who were nursed back to sleep during night, woke up more often at night (2.41 vs. 1.67 times) and had shorter continuous night-time sleep period (5.58 vs. 6.88 h; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding infants in the number of night wakings, when the nursing to sleep variable was controlled for in the analysis of variance.

CONCLUSION:
Breastfeeding is associated with reduced sleep consolidation in infants. This relationship, however, may be moderated by parenting practices of nursing to sleep and back to sleep during the night. Thus, parents of infants with night waking problems should be encouraged to limit the association between nursing and falling to sleep, to improve sleep while maintaining breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Infantile myofibromatosis

Ariffin H, Teh KH, Looi LM, Ariffin WA, Lin HP

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):497-9.

PMID: 12014771

Infantile myofibromatosis (IMF) is a rare tumour with a wide spectrum of disease activity ranging from a solitary cutaneous nodule through to a multicentric form with widespread visceral involvement. It is characterised by its unique ability to spontaneously regress and has a typical histological appearance of actin-positive fibroblasts arranged in whorls or fascicles and vessels in a pericytomatous pattern. A male infant with multiple lesions involving the subcutaneous tissue and bone from birth is described and followed-up for two years. Treatment of IMF is dependent on the location of the tumour/s with surgery or chemotherapy reserved for rapidly progressive or symptomatic disease. However, due to the low rate of recurrence and the possibility of spontaneous tumoral regression, therapeutic abstention, as practised in our patient, is justified.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in Malaysia

Ho J

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):429.

PMID: 7674985

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Immunization: acceptance rates in a military community

Supramaniam V

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):95-7.

PMID: 3834292

An immunization survey was carried out in early 1983 in a military community. The survey covered 192 children from 147 families. 98% had BCG scars. and 94% had completed their primary course of immunization against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and poliomyelitis. The acceptance rate for booster was however low. The time frame for the immunization was also not adhered to strictly. An immunization register has been started in all centres for recall of defaulters. Publicity has also been mounted to ensure all are aware of the immunization programme.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Serum IgM-globulin in Malaysian normal and defective infants

Tan DSK

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):15-8.

PMID: 6633327

The IgM-globulin levels were determined for 5,167 cord-sera of apparently normal infants and 281 sera of defective infants aged 4 months and younger. The significant level for IgM-globulin in neonates was found to be 20 mgm/dl (2 SD above mean of the normal) above which the level was regarded as abnormally raised. Significant levels of IgM-globulin were found in 0.2% (11/5, 167) ofnormal neonates and in 40.6% (114/281) of defective infants which is more than 200 times the normal value. Combining the normal and abnormal rates, an overall figure of 23 intrauterine infections per 1,000 live births were obtained for Malaysia. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of serum IgM-globulin elevations for the diagnosis of intrauterine infections were discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Bacteraemic enteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni

Puthucheary SD, Lin HP

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Dec;37(4):378-80.

PMID: 7167093

Campylobacter Jejuni is being increasingly recognised as a cause of bacteraemia enteritis and two infants with this condition are described. Awareness of the organism. as a possible cause of septicaemia is important because it has special growth requirements and delay in the diagnosis can be detrimental in a disease which usually only responds to erythromycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Lethal neonatal dwarfism: a case of achondrogenesis

Afzal MK, Choo KE

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Sep;35(1):64-7.

PMID: 7254002

Achondrogenesis is a lethal neonatal chondrodysplasia with extreme micromelia and marked discrepancy between the relatively large head and the decreased trunk length. The affected neonates are usually delivered prematurely, and are stillborn or die soon after birth. Polyhydramnios is frequently present. It is an inherited autosomal recessive disease. The radiographic features are diagnostic.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature

Malaysian childhood leukemia: a 13 year review at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Sinniah D, Peng LH

Leuk. Res., 1981;5(3):271-8.

PMID: 7266021

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext A study of liver reserves of vitamin A in Malaysians

Chandrasekharan N

Malays J Pathol, 1981 Aug;4:43-7.

PMID: 7186602

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Phototherapy in neonatal jaundice

Sinniah D, Lee EL

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Jun;31(4):328-30.

PMID: 562970

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Screening for G. 6-P.D. deficiency

Robinson MJ, Lau KS, Lin HP, Chan GL

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Jun;30(4):287-90.

PMID: 979730

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

A report on beriberi as discovered in the rural maternity and child welfare centres, Singapore and steps taken to combat it

Faris DWG

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1938;2:124-31.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders

Fulltext A case series of hereditary congenital cataract

Nurul Faaiqah Jainuddin, Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah, Visvaraja Subrayan, Norlina Ramli, Nurliza Khaliddin

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):336-338.

MyJurnal

Congenital cataract is a major cause of preventable blindness in children. It can be either hereditary or non-hereditary. In this case series, we present three cases of congenital cataract with a strong family history. The grandparents
and parents of these patients had cataract diagnosed in late childhood whilst the patients in this case series were
diagnosed with congenital cataract earlier. There was no history of consanguineous marriage in any of the families.
These cases show that, in the presence of a strong family history, a child will present with congenital cataract earlier
in their life. Hence, babies from such families should be screened at birth and at regular intervals within the first
year of life to enable early diagnosis and subsequent surgical intervention to reduce the incidence and burden of
amblyopia.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial biopsied specimens in Malaysian newborns and infants

Binti Shuhairi NN, Bt Abdul Jalil A, Lau SH, Bt Mohd Ghazali S, Kee CC

Int J Paediatr Dent, 2021 Jul;31(4):496-503.

PMID: 32815206 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12719

BACKGROUND: Globally, research on oral and maxillofacial lesions among newborns and infants remains limited.

AIM: To describe demographic patterns, histopathological findings, and locations of oral and maxillofacial lesions in newborns (birth-1 month) and infants (>1 month-2 years) reported over 51 years.

DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study on histopathological records of newborns and infants was conducted. Patients' demographic characteristics (age, gender, and race), histopathological diagnosis, and lesion's location were gathered. Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test was performed to determine associations between demographic characteristics and different categories of lesions.

RESULTS: Out of 66,546 specimens received, 0.44% (290 specimens) were from patients aged 2 years and younger (27 newborns and 263 infants). The most common category was inflammatory/reactive (44.2%), followed by tumour/tumour-like (42.0%), cystic/pseudocystic (6.6%), and miscellaneous lesions (5.5%). Mucous extravasation cysts (23.4%) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (7.2%) were the most common histopathological diagnoses. Tumour/tumour-like lesions were significant in newborns (P = .021), and majority were congenital epulis (40.7%). Inflammatory/reactive lesions were significantly higher in male (P = .025) and infants (P = infants are the key to early detection of lesions.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Spontaneous neonatal scrotal haematoma: an early manifestation of severe haemophilia

Lee JS, Chieng CH, Martin M, Toh TH

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Apr 28;14(4).

PMID: 33910804 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241482

We report a term newborn who presented on day 3 of life with unilateral, tender scrotal swelling with skin discolouration, which was subsequently diagnosed as haemophilia A at about 6 months of age. He received intramuscular vitamin K and hepatitis B vaccine at birth uneventfully. The scrotal swelling was treated as an infected hydrocoele, considering the absence of a family history of bleeding disorder and other risks of bleeding tendency, as well as the ultrasonographic features. He also had congenital pneumonia requiring venepuncture, non-invasive oxygen supplementation and intravenous antibiotics, without any complication. The swelling slowly improved over 2 months. He later developed post-trial vaccine injection haematoma at 4 months of age, and multiple non-traumatic bruises when he was 6 months old, leading to the diagnosis. This case demonstrates an uncommon, but a possible, early manifestation of haemophilia A at birth with a unilateral scrotal haematoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

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