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Fulltext Three-dimensional semi-automated volumetric assessment of the pulp space of teeth following regenerative dental procedures

Shetty H, Shetty S, Kakade A, Shetty A, Karobari MI, Pawar AM, et al.

Sci Rep, 2021 11 09;11(1):21914.
PMID: 34754049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01489-8

The volumetric change that occurs in the pulp space over time represents a critical measure when it comes to determining the secondary outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). However, to date, only a few studies have investigated the accuracy of the available domain-specialized medical imaging tools with regard to three-dimensional (3D) volumetric assessment. This study sought to compare the accuracy of two different artificial intelligence-based medical imaging programs namely OsiriX MD (v 9.0, Pixmeo SARL, Bernex Switzerland, https://www.osirix-viewer.com ) and 3D Slicer ( http://www.slicer.org ), in terms of estimating the volume of the pulp space following a REP. An Invitro assessment was performed to check the reliability and sensitivity of the two medical imaging programs in use. For the subsequent clinical application, pre- and post-procedure cone beam computed tomography scans of 35 immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and periradicular pathosis that had been treated with a cell-homing concept-based REP were processed using the two biomedical DICOM software programs (OsiriX MD and 3D Slicer). The volumetric changes in the teeth's pulp spaces were assessed using semi-automated techniques in both programs. The data were statistically analyzed using t-tests and paired t-tests (P = 0.05). The pulp space volumes measured using both programs revealed a statistically significant decrease in the pulp space volume following the REP (P 0.05). The mean decreases in the pulp space volumes measured using OsiriX MD and 3D Slicer were 25.06% ± 19.45% and 26.10% ± 18.90%, respectively. The open-source software (3D Slicer) was found to be as accurate as the commercially available software with regard to the volumetric assessment of the post-REP pulp space. This study was the first to demonstrate the step-by-step application of 3D Slicer, a user-friendly and easily accessible open-source multiplatform software program for the segmentation and volume estimation of the pulp spaces of teeth treated with REPs.

Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp/pathology
Changes in cell density and morphology of selected cells of the ageing human dental pulp

Daud S, Nambiar P, Hossain MZ, Rahman MR, Bakri MM

Gerodontology, 2016 Sep;33(3):315-21.
PMID: 25266855 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12154

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the changes in cell density and morphology of selected cells of the ageing human dental pulp.
BACKGROUND: Changes in cell density and morphology of dental pulp cells over time may affect their capability to respond to tooth injury.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-one extracted teeth were obtained from individuals between the ages of 6 and 80 years. The apical 1/3 of the root region was removed from all teeth prior to routine processing for producing histological slides. The histology slides were used to study the changes in cell density and morphology of selected pulp cells; odontoblasts, subodontoblasts and fibroblasts in the crown and root regions of the dental pulp. Student's t-test and one-way anova were used for statistical analyses.
RESULTS: In all age groups, the cell density for all types of cells was found to be higher in the crown than in the root (p pulp cell density was found to decrease with age in both the crown and root regions. However, it was noted that the reduction of coronal odontoblasts occurred later in life (40-49 years) when compared to that of subodontoblasts or fibroblasts (30-39 years).
CONCLUSIONS: The density of the coronal pulp cells reduces and these cells undergo morphological changes with ageing of individuals and this may affect the pulp's ability to resist tooth injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp/pathology*
Method for Evaluating Neuromodulatory Properties of Dental Pulp Stem Cell as an In Vitro Model for Parkinson's Disease

Gnanasegaran N, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB, Arumugam S

Methods Mol Biol, 2020;2125:193-196.
PMID: 31489601 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_261

Several research groups have utilized dental pulp stem cells for numerous studies as treatment modality for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the roles of dental pulp stem cells in governing the Parkinson's disease inflammatory microenvironment remain to be evaluated. In this article, we elaborate the method where we can investigate the effects of dental pulp stem cells on neurons and microglia in an in vitro inflammatory microenvironment.

Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp/pathology*
The prevalence of dens evaginatus

Yip WK

Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol., 1974 Jul;38(1):80-7.
PMID: 4525999
Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp/pathology
Fulltext Dental derived stem cell conditioned media for hair growth stimulation

Gunawardena TNA, Masoudian Z, Rahman MT, Ramasamy TS, Ramanathan A, Abu Kasim NH

PLoS One, 2019;14(5):e0216003.
PMID: 31042749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216003

Alopecia is a clinical condition caused by excessive hair loss which may result in baldness, the causes of which still remain elusive. Conditioned media (CM) from stem cells shows promise in regenerative medicine. Our aim was to evaluate the potential CM of dental pulp stem cells obtained from human deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) to stimulate hair growth under in vitro and in vivo conditions. SHED and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) (n = 3) were cultured in media combinations; i) STK2, ii) DMEM-KO+10% FBS, iii) STK2+2% FBS and profiled for the presence of positive hair growth-regulatory paracrine factors; SDF-1, HGF, VEGF-A, PDGF-BB and negative hair growth-regulatory paracrine factors; IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β, bFGF, TNF-α, and BDNF. The potential of CM from both cell sources to stimulate hair growth was evaluated based on the paracrine profile and measured dynamics of hair growth under in vitro conditions. The administration of CM media to telogen-staged synchronized 7-week old C3H/HeN female mice was carried out to study the potential of the CM to stimulate hair growth in vivo. SHED and HFSCs cultured in STK2 based media showed a shorter population doubling time, higher viability and better maintenance of MSC characteristics in comparison to cells cultured in DMEM-KO media. STK2 based CM contained only two negative hair growth-regulatory factors; TNF-α, IL-1 while DMEM-KO CM contained all negative hair growth-regulatory factors. The in vitro study confirmed that treatment with STK2 based media CM from passage 3 SHED and HFSCs resulted in a significantly higher number of anagen-staged hair follicles (p<0.05) and a significantly lower number of telogen-staged hair follicles (p<0.05). Administration of SHED-CM to C3H/HeN mice resulted in a significantly faster stimulation of hair growth in comparison to HFSC-CM (p<0.05), while the duration taken for complete hair coverage was similar for both CM sources. Thus, SHED-CM carries the potential to stimulate hair growth which can be used as a treatment tool for alopecia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp/pathology
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression on the nerve fibers of human dental pulp is upregulated under inflammatory condition

Bakri MM, Yahya F, Munawar KMM, Kitagawa J, Hossain MZ

Arch Oral Biol, 2018 May;89:94-98.
PMID: 29499561 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.011

OBJECTIVE: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) has been considered as a mechano-, thermo- and osmo-receptor. Under inflammatory conditions in dental pulp, teeth can become sensitive upon exposure to a variety of innocuous stimuli. The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of the TRPV4 channel on nerve fibers in human dental pulp of non-symptomatic and symptomatic teeth associated with inflammatory conditions.
DESIGN: Dental pulp from extracted human permanent teeth was processed for fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Ten asymptomatic (normal) and 10 symptomatic (symptoms associated with pulpitis) teeth were used in this study. Nerve fibers were identified by immunostaining for a marker, protein gene product 9.5, and the cells were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. An anti-TRPV4 antibody was used to trace TRPV4 expression.
RESULTS: TRPV4 expression was co-localized with the nerve fiber marker. Immunoreactivity for TRPV4 was more intense (p dental pulp of symptomatic teeth compared with that of asymptomatic (normal) teeth.
CONCLUSIONS: There is expression of TRPV4 channels on the nerve fibers of human dental pulp. Our findings suggest upregulation of TRPV4 expression under inflammatory conditions in the pulp. The upregulation of TRPV4 channels may be associated with the exaggerated response of dental pulp to innocuous mechanical, thermal and osmotic stimuli under inflammatory conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp/pathology