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Fulltext Extracellular Proteolytic Activity and Amino Acid Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods

Toe CJ, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Idrus Z

Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Apr 10;20(7).
PMID: 30974873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071777

Amino acids (AAs) are vital elements for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. Current technology uses genetically engineered microorganisms for AAs production, which has urged the search for a safer food-grade AA producer strain. The extracellular proteolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be a vital tool to hydrolyze extracellular protein molecules into free AAs, thereby exhibiting great potential for functional AA production. In this study, eight LAB isolated from Malaysian foods were determined for their extracellular proteolytic activities and their capability of producing AAs. All studied LAB exhibited versatile extracellular proteolytic activities from acidic to alkaline pH conditions. In comparison, Pediococcus pentosaceus UP-2 exhibited the highest ability to produce 15 AAs extracellularly, including aspartate, lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, glutamate, proline, alanine, valine, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, serine, glycine, and cystine, followed by Pediococcus pentosaceus UL-2, Pediococcus acidilactici UB-6, and Pediococcus acidilactici UP-1 with 11 to 12 different AAs production detected extracellularly. Pediococcus pentosaceus UL-6 demonstrated the highest increment of proline production at 24 h of incubation. However, Pediococcusacidilactici UL-3 and Lactobacillus plantarum I-UL4 exhibited the greatest requirement for AA. The results of this study showed that different LAB possess different extracellular proteolytic activities and potentials as extracellular AA producers.

Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/metabolism*
Evaluation of direct transesterification of microalgae using microwave irradiation

Teo CL, Idris A

Bioresour Technol, 2014 Dec;174:281-6.
PMID: 25463809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.035

Nannochloropsis sp. wet biomass was directly transesterified under microwave (MW) irradiation in the presence of methanol and various alkali and acid catalyst. Two different types of direct transesterification (DT) were used; one step and two step transesterification. The biodiesel yield obtained from the MWDT was compared with that obtained using conventional method (lipid extraction followed by transesterification) and water bath heating DT method. Findings revealed that MWDT efficiencies were higher compared to water bath heating DT by at least 14.34% and can achieve a maximum of 43.37% with proper selection of catalysts. The use of combined catalyst (NaOH and H2SO4) increased the yield obtained by 2.3-folds (water bath heating DT) and 2.87-folds (MWDT) compared with the one step single alkaline catalyst respectively. The property of biodiesel produced by MWDT has high lubricating property, good cetane number and short carbon chain FAME's compared with water bath heating DT.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/metabolism
Biosynthesis and mobilization of a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate containing 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate monomer produced by Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM15050)

Lau NS, Chee JY, Tsuge T, Sudesh K

Bioresour Technol, 2010 Oct;101(20):7916-23.
PMID: 20541932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.049

We attempted to synthesize a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) containing newly reported 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (3H4MV) monomer by using wild type Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM15050) and its transformed strain harboring the PHA synthase gene of Aeromonas caviae (phaCAc). The introduction of 3H4MV as a second monomer will improve the material properties of 3HB-based polymers. To promote the accumulation of PHA containing 3H4MV monomer, isocaproic acid was provided as co-carbon source. Approximately 1mol% of 3H4MV was detected in wild type Burkholderia sp. cultures when they were fed glucose or fructose together with isocaproic acid. Thus, the wild type strain can synthesize the 3H4MV monomer. High 3H4MV fractions, of about 40mol%, were obtained when the transformed strain was cultivated on glucose or fructose together with isocaproic acid. In addition, the ability of the transformed strain to mobilize accumulated PHA containing 3H4MV monomer was demonstrated in this study. This is the first report on mobilization of the 3H4MV monomer.

Matched MeSH terms: Pentanoic Acids/metabolism*
Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from mixtures of plant oils and 3-hydroxyvalerate precursors

Lee WH, Loo CY, Nomura CT, Sudesh K

Bioresour Technol, 2008 Oct;99(15):6844-51.
PMID: 18325764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.051

The combination of plant oils and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) precursors were evaluated for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers containing 3HV monomers by Cupriavidus necator H16. Among various mixtures of plant oils and 3HV-precursors, the mixture of palm kernel oil and sodium propionate was suitable for the biosynthesis of high concentration of PHA (6.8gL(-1)) containing 7mol% of 3HV. The 3HV monomer composition can be regulated in the range of 0-23mol% by changing culture parameters such as the initial pH, and the nitrogen source and its concentration. PHA copolymers with high weight-average molecular weights (Mw) ranging from 1,400,000 to 3,100,000Da were successfully produced from mixtures of plant oils and 3HV-precursors. The mixture of plant oils and sodium propionate resulted in PHA copolymers with higher M(w) compared to the mixture of plant oils and sodium valerate. DSC analysis on the PHA containing 3HV monomers showed the presence of two distinct melting temperature (Tm), which indicated that the PHA synthesized might be a blend of P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV). Sodium propionate appears to be the better precursor of 3HV than sodium valerate.

Matched MeSH terms: Pentanoic Acids/metabolism*
Insights into bacterial community metatranscriptome and metabolome in river water influenced by palm oil mill effluent final discharge

Sharuddin SS, Ramli N, Yusoff MZM, Muhammad NAN, Ho LS, Maeda T

J Appl Microbiol, 2023 Oct 04;134(10).
PMID: 37757470 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad219

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effect of palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge on the active bacterial composition, gene expression, and metabolite profiles in the receiving rivers to establish a foundation for identifying potential biomarkers for monitoring POME pollution in rivers.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The POME final discharge, upstream (unpolluted by POME), and downstream (effluent receiving point) parts of the rivers from two sites were physicochemically characterized. The taxonomic and gene profiles were then evaluated using de novo metatranscriptomics, while the metabolites were detected using qualitative metabolomics. A similar bacterial community structure in the POME final discharge samples from both sites was recorded, but their composition varied. Redundancy analysis showed that several families, particularly Comamonadaceae and Burkholderiaceae [Pr(>F) = 0.028], were positively correlated with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results also showed significant enrichment of genes regulating various metabolisms in the POME-receiving rivers, with methane, carbon fixation pathway, and amino acids among the predominant metabolisms identified (FDR 4, and PPDE > 0.95). This was further validated through qualitative metabolomics, whereby amino acids were detected as the predominant metabolites.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that genes regulating amino acid metabolism have significant potential for developing effective biomonitoring and bioremediation strategies in river water influenced by POME final discharge, fostering a sustainable palm oil industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/metabolism
Fulltext Structure-Based Discovery of Lipoteichoic Acid Synthase Inhibitors

Chee Wezen X, Chandran A, Eapen RS, Waters E, Bricio-Moreno L, Tosi T, et al.

J Chem Inf Model, 2022 May 23;62(10):2586-2599.
PMID: 35533315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00300

Lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS) is a key enzyme for the cell wall biosynthesis of Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria that lack lipoteichoic acid (LTA) exhibit impaired cell division and growth defects. Thus, LtaS appears to be an attractive antimicrobial target. The pharmacology around LtaS remains largely unexplored with only two small-molecule LtaS inhibitors reported, namely "compound 1771" and the Congo red dye. Structure-based drug discovery efforts against LtaS remain unattempted due to the lack of an inhibitor-bound structure of LtaS. To address this, we combined the use of a molecular docking technique with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model a plausible binding mode of compound 1771 to the extracellular catalytic domain of LtaS (eLtaS). The model was validated using alanine mutagenesis studies combined with isothermal titration calorimetry. Additionally, lead optimization driven by our computational model resulted in an improved version of compound 1771, namely, compound 4 which showed greater affinity for binding to eLtaS than compound 1771 in biophysical assays. Compound 4 reduced LTA production in S. aureus dose-dependently, induced aberrant morphology as seen for LTA-deficient bacteria, and significantly reduced bacteria titers in the lung of mice infected with S. aureus. Analysis of our MD simulation trajectories revealed the possible formation of a transient cryptic pocket in eLtaS. Virtual screening (VS) against the cryptic pocket led to the identification of a new class of inhibitors that could potentiate β-lactams against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Our overall workflow and data should encourage further drug design campaign against LtaS. Finally, our work reinforces the importance of considering protein conformational flexibility to a successful VS endeavor.

Matched MeSH terms: Teichoic Acids/metabolism
Metabolite profiling from different parts of tender fruit endosperm of Borassus flabellifer L. (ice apple)

Vasudevan V, Prabaharan J, Krishnan N, K A, Gopinath SCB, Raman P

Anal Methods, 2023 Aug 03;15(30):3735-3751.
PMID: 37493014 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00704a

Borassus flabellifer L., commonly known as Asian palmyra, is native to South and Southeast Asia. The endosperms of B. flabellifer (known as nungu in Dravidian culture) are widely consumed during the summer season. It is rich in various nutrients and helps in reducing weight, treating skin and digestive issues, lowering body temperature, and managing migraines and diabetes. This study focuses on identifying the small molecules and proteins from the two varieties of B. flabellifer tender fruit endosperms collected from districts around Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The collected free nuclear endosperm was subjected to direct extraction and the mesocarp and cellular endosperms were lyophilized and homogenized. Metabolites were extracted by hexane, methanol, and chloroform and investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The compounds identified were from the classes of carboxylic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, alkaloids, fatty acids, oligopeptides, vitamins, and glycosides. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was employed to estimate the quantity of amino acids, wherein the total amino acid in the green variety was found to be higher than in the black variety. Proteins were identified after simulating with a gastrointestinal enzyme using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based peptide mass fingerprinting. The different mineral oxides present in the tender fruit endosperm were identified using X-ray diffraction studies, which confirmed the presence of mineral oxides, such as Br1.25ClO2.75Pb3.88, calcium zirconium tantalum oxide, and barium fluoroniobate. This study validates the presence of bioactive metabolites in green and black varieties of B. flabellifer tender fruit endosperm with a range of activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-diabetic properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/metabolism
Effects of even and odd number fatty acids cofeeding on PHA production and composition in Pseudomonas putida Bet001 isolated from palm oil mill effluent

Mohd Razaif-Mazinah MR, Mohamad Annuar MS, Sharifuddin Y

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2016 Jan-Feb;63(1):92-100.
PMID: 25643814 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1354

The biosynthesis of medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas putida Bet001 cultivated on mixed carbon sources was investigated. The mixed carbon sources consisted of heptanoic acid (HA) and oleic acid (OA). A relatively low PHA content at 1.2% (w/w) and 11.4% (w/w) was obtained when HA or OA was used as the sole carbon source. When these fatty acids were supplied as a mixture, PHA content increased threefold. Interestingly, the mixture-derived PHA composed of both odd and even monomer units, namely. 3-hydroxyheptanoate, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, 3-hydroxydecanoate, and 3-hydroxydodecanoate and no unsaturated monomer was detected. It is hypothesized that the even-numbered monomers were derived primarily from OA, whereas the odd-numbered monomer was derived from HA. This also points out to an efficient and yet distinct fatty acids metabolism that fed the PHA biosynthesis machinery of this particular microorganism. PHA obtained was elastomeric because melting temperature (Tm ) and crystallinity were absent. It showed good thermal stability with degradation temperature (Td ) ranging from 275.96 to 283.05 °C.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/metabolism*; Heptanoic Acids/metabolism
Optimization of levulinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass using a new hybrid catalyst

Ya'aini N, Amin NA, Asmadi M

Bioresour Technol, 2012 Jul;116:58-65.
PMID: 22609656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.097

Conversion of glucose, empty fruit bunch (efb) and kenaf to levulinic acid over a new hybrid catalyst has been investigated in this study. The characterization and catalytic performance results revealed that the physico-chemical properties of the new hybrid catalyst comprised of chromium chloride and HY zeolite increased the levulinic acid production from glucose compared to the parent catalysts. Optimization of the glucose conversion process using two level full factorial designs (2(3)) with two center points reported 55.2% of levulinic acid yield at 145.2 °C, 146.7 min and 12.0% of reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst loading, respectively. Subsequently, the potential of efb and kenaf for producing levulinic acid at the optimum conditions was established after 53.2% and 66.1% of efficiencies were reported. The observation suggests that the hybrid catalyst has a potential to be used in biomass conversion to levulinic acid.

Matched MeSH terms: Acids/metabolism; Levulinic Acids/metabolism*
Comparative levels of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in Malaysian fish

Gibson RA, Kneebone R, Kneebone GM

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1984;78(2):325-8.
PMID: 6149073

Total lipids were extracted from 22 species of Malaysian fish and the constituent fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography. Malaysian fish generally contained high levels of saturated fatty acids (range 36-55% total fatty acids) and contained variable amounts of monounsaturates, chiefly palmitic and stearic acids, but only trace levels of 20:1 and 22:1. Unlike fish caught in colder northern hemisphere waters, Malaysian fish were found to contain arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6, range 2-12%) in addition to the expected eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3, range 1-13%) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3, range 6.6-40.4%).

Matched MeSH terms: Arachidonic Acids/metabolism*; Fatty Acids/metabolism
Fulltext Metabolite Profiling of the Microalgal Diatom Chaetoceros Calcitrans and Correlation with Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities via ¹H NMR-Based Metabolomics

Azizan A, Ahamad Bustamam MS, Maulidiani M, Shaari K, Ismail IS, Nagao N, et al.

Mar Drugs, 2018 May 07;16(5).
PMID: 29735927 DOI: 10.3390/md16050154

Microalgae are promising candidate resources from marine ecology for health-improving effects. Metabolite profiling of the microalgal diatom, Chaetoceros calcitrans was conducted by using robust metabolomics tools, namely ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). The unsupervised data analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA), resolved the five types of extracts made by solvents ranging from polar to non-polar into five different clusters. Collectively, with various extraction solvents, 11 amino acids, cholesterol, 6 fatty acids, 2 sugars, 1 osmolyte, 6 carotenoids and 2 chlorophyll pigments were identified. The fatty acids and both carotenoid pigments as well as chlorophyll, were observed in the extracts made from medium polar (acetone, chloroform) and non-polar (hexane) solvents. It is suggested that the compounds were the characteristic markers that influenced the separation between the clusters. Based on partial least square (PLS) analysis, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and lutein displayed strong correlation to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. This metabolomics study showed that solvent extractions are one of the main bottlenecks for the maximum recovery of bioactive microalgal compounds and could be a better source of natural antioxidants due to a high value of metabolites.

Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/metabolism; Fatty Acids/metabolism
Fulltext Metabolomics approach for multibiomarkers determination to investigate dengue virus infection in human patients

Shahfiza N, Osman H, Hock TT, Abdel-Hamid AZ

Acta Biochim. Pol., 2017;64(2):215-219.
PMID: 28350402 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1224

BACKGROUND: Dengue is one of the major public health problems in the world, affecting more than fifty million cases in tropical and subtropical region every year. The metabolome, as pathophysiological end-points, provide significant understanding of the mechanism and progression of dengue pathogenesis via changes in the metabolite profile of infected patients. Recent developments in diagnostic technologies provide metabolomics for the early detection of infectious diseases.
METHODS: The mid-stream urine was collected from 96 patients diagnosed with dengue fever at Penang General Hospital (PGH) and 50 healthy volunteers. Urine samples were analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, followed by chemometric multivariate analysis. NMR signals highlighted in the orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) S-plots were selected and identified using Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and Chenomx Profiler. A highly predictive model was constructed from urine profile of dengue infected patients versus healthy individuals with the total R2Y (cum) value 0.935, and the total Q2Y (cum) value 0.832.
RESULTS: Data showed that dengue infection is related to amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid intermediates cycle and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Distinct variations in certain metabolites were recorded in infected patients including amino acids, various organic acids, betaine, valerylglycine, myo-inositol and glycine.
CONCLUSION: Metabolomics approach provides essential insight into host metabolic disturbances following dengue infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/metabolism; Fatty Acids/metabolism
The influence of maternal ethnic group and diet on breast milk fatty acid composition

Su LL, S K TC, Lim SL, Chen Y, Tan EA, Pai NN, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2010 Sep;39(9):675-5.
PMID: 20957301

INTRODUCTION: Breast milk fatty acids play a major role in infant development. However, no data have compared the breast milk composition of different ethnic groups living in the same environment. We aimed to (i) investigate breast milk fatty acid composition of three ethnic groups in Singapore and (ii) determine dietary fatty acid patterns in these groups and any association with breast milk fatty acid composition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Healthy pregnant women with the intention to breastfeed were recruited. Diet profile was studied using a standard validated 3-day food diary. Breast milk was collected from mothers at 1 to 2 weeks and 6 to 8 weeks postnatally. Agilent gas chromatograph (6870N) equipped with a mass spectrometer (5975) and an automatic liquid sampler (ALS) system with a split mode was used for analysis.
RESULTS: Seventy-two breast milk samples were obtained from 52 subjects. Analysis showed that breast milk ETA (Eicosatetraenoic acid) and ETA:EA (Eicosatrienoic acid) ratio were significantly different among the races (P = 0.031 and P = 0.020), with ETA being the highest among Indians and the lowest among Malays. Docosahexaenoic acid was significantly higher among Chinese compared to Indians and Malays. No difference was demonstrated in n3 and n6 levels in the food diet analysis among the 3 ethnic groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Differences exist in breast milk fatty acid composition in different ethnic groups in the same region, although no difference was demonstrated in the diet analysis. Factors other than maternal diet may play a role in breast milk fatty acid composition.

Matched MeSH terms: Arachidonic Acids/metabolism; Docosahexaenoic Acids/metabolism; Fatty Acids/metabolism*
A rapid colorimetric screening method for vanillic acid and vanillin-producing bacterial strains

Zamzuri NA, Abd-Aziz S, Rahim RA, Phang LY, Alitheen NB, Maeda T

J Appl Microbiol, 2014 Apr;116(4):903-10.
PMID: 24314059 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12410

To isolate a bacterial strain capable of biotransforming ferulic acid, a major component of lignin, into vanillin and vanillic acid by a rapid colorimetric screening method.

Matched MeSH terms: Coumaric Acids/metabolism
Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes

Hayyan A, Alam MZ, Mirghani ME, Kabbashi NA, Hakimi NI, Siran YM, et al.

Bioresour Technol, 2010 Oct;101(20):7804-11.
PMID: 20541401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.045

In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using an alkaline catalyst. In the first step, acid catalyzed esterification reduced the high FFA content of SPO to less than 2% with the different dosages of PTSA. The optimum conditions for pretreatment process by esterification were 0.75% (w/w) dosage of PTSA to SPO, 10:1 M ratio, 60 °C temperature, 60 min reaction time and 400 rpm stirrer speed. The highest yield of biodiesel after transesterification and purification processes was 76.62% with 0.07% FFA and 96% ester content. The biodiesel produced was favorable as compared to EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 standard. This study shows a potential exploitation of SPO as a new feedstock for the production of biodiesel.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/metabolism
Ileal endogenous amino acid flow of broiler chickens under high ambient temperature

Soleimani AF, Kasim A, Alimon AR, Meimandipour A, Zulkifli I

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 2010 Oct;94(5):641-7.
PMID: 20050954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00951.x

High environmental temperature has detrimental effects on the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of acute heat stress on endogenous amino acid (EAA) flow in broiler chickens. A total of 90, day-old broiler chicks were housed in battery cages in an environmentally controlled chamber. Chicks were fed a nitrogen-free diet on day 42 following either no heat exposure (no-heat) or 2 weeks exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 28 to 42 (2-week heat) or 1 week exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 35 to 42 (1 week heat). The most abundant amino acid in the ileal flow was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, serine and threonine in non-heat stressed group. The EAA flow in 1-week heat and 2-week heat birds were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those under no heat exposure (14682, 11161 and 9597 mg/kg of dry matter intake respectively). Moreover, the EAA flow of 2-week heat group was less than 1-week heat group by approximately 36%. These observations suggest that the effect of heat stress on EAA flow is mostly quantitative; however, heat stress may also alter the content of EAA flow qualitatively.

Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/metabolism*
Biovanillin from agro wastes as an alternative food flavour

Zamzuri NA, Abd-Aziz S

J Sci Food Agric, 2013 Feb;93(3):429-38.
PMID: 23208984 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5962

This review provides an overview of biovanillin production from agro wastes as an alternative food flavour. Biovanillin is one of the widely used flavour compounds in the foods, beverages and pharmaceutical industries. An alternative production approach for biovanillin as a food flavour is hoped for due to the high and variable cost of natural vanillin as well as the limited availability of vanilla pods in the market. Natural vanillin refers to the main organic compound that is extracted from the vanilla bean, as compared to biovanillin, which is produced biologically by microorganisms from a natural precursor such as ferulic acid. Biovanillin is also reviewed as a potential bioflavour produced by microbial fermentation in an economically feasible way in the near future. In fact, we briefly discuss natural, synthetic and biovanillin and the types of agro wastes that are useful as sources for bioconversion of ferulic acid into biovanillin. The subsequent part of the review emphasizes the current application of vanillin as well as the utilization of biovanillin as an alternative food flavour. The final part summarizes biovanillin production from agro wastes that could be of benefit as a food flavour derived from potential natural precursors.

Matched MeSH terms: Coumaric Acids/metabolism
Complete genome sequence of Novosphingobium resinovorum SA1, a versatile xenobiotic-degrading bacterium capable of utilizing sulfanilic acid

Hegedűs B, Kós PB, Bálint B, Maróti G, Gan HM, Perei K, et al.

J Biotechnol, 2017 Jan 10;241:76-80.
PMID: 27851894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.013

Sulfanilic acid (4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) is a sulfonated aromatic amine widely used in chemical industries for synthesis of various organic dyes and sulfa drugs. There are quite a few microbial co-cultures or single isolates capable of completely degrading this compound. Novosphingobium resinovorum SA1 was the first single bacterium which could utilize sulfanilic acid as its sole carbon, nitrogen and sulfur source. The strain has versatile catabolic routes for the bioconversion of numerous other aromatic compounds. Here, the complete genome sequence of the N. resinovorum SA1 strain is reported. The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 3.8 Mbp and four extrachromosomal elements between 67 and 1 759.8 kbp in size. Three alternative 3-ketoadipate pathways were identified on the plasmids. Sulfanilic acid is decomposed via a modified 3-ketoadipate pathway and the oxygenases involved form a phylogenetically separate branch on the tree. Sequence analysis of these elements might provide a genetic background for deeper insight into the versatile catabolic metabolism of various aromatic xenobiotics, including sulfanilic acid and its derivatives. Moreover, this is also a good model strain for understanding the role and evolution of multiple genetic elements within a single strain.

Matched MeSH terms: Sulfanilic Acids/metabolism*
Complete genome sequence of Planococcus donghaensis JH1T, a pectin-degrading bacterium

See-Too WS, Chua KO, Lim YL, Chen JW, Convey P, Mohd Mohidin TB, et al.

J Biotechnol, 2017 Jun 20;252:11-14.
PMID: 28483443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.005

The type strain Planococcus donghaensis JH1Tis a psychrotolerant and halotolerant bacterium with starch-degrading ability. Here, we determine the carbon utilization profile of P. donghaensis JH1Tand report the first complete genome of the strain. This study revealed the strain's ability to utilize pectin and d-galacturonic acid, and identified genes responsible for degradation of the polysaccharides. The genomic information provided may serve as a fundamental resource for full exploration of the biotechnological potential of P. donghaensis JH1T.

Matched MeSH terms: Hexuronic Acids/metabolism
Palm oil consumption and its repercussion on endogenous fatty acids distribution

Li R, Cao C, Zheng Z, Yang X, Tan CP, Xu Y, et al.

Food Funct, 2021 Mar 15;12(5):2020-2031.
PMID: 33565560 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02511a

The consumption of saturated lipids in combination with a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the distribution of endogenous fatty acids (FA) after the consumption of saturated lipids and the connection between FA distribution and lipid metabolism-related genes relative expression have not been fully elucidated to date. In this study, we characterized FA profiles in the liver and visceral fats of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high-palm-oil diet. The investigation showed that the levels of C16:0 and C18:1 (n-9) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the liver of the high-palm-oil group (POG), while C16:1 (n-7) and C18:2 (n-6) accumulated markedly (P < 0.05) in the visceral fats of the control group (CN). A correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between C16:0 and C16:1 (n-7) in the epididymal fat of POG. Our study also demonstrated that the intake of saturated lipids caused changes in lipid metabolism-related gene expression, especially stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which was upregulated at the third week but was inhibited in the subsequent weeks in the POG liver and perirenal fat. The SCD had a notable positive correlation with C16:1 (n-7) in the POG liver and perirenal fat but a significant negative correlation with C16:0 in the POG epididymal fat. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that a high-C16:0 diet may result in adaptive SCD expression, and these findings may help to elucidate the effects of dietary fat on lipid metabolism.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/metabolism

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