MyMedR

Testing (HIV). Quick test receives Singapore approval

AIDS Wkly Plus, 1996 Apr 22.

Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Serodiagnosis*

Fulltext Evaluation of three commercial rapid tests for detecting antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus

Ng KP, Saw TL, Baki A, Kamarudin R

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Aug;58(3):454-60.

Determine HIV-1/2, Chembio HIV-1/2 STAT-PAK and PenTest are simple/rapid tests for the detection of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in human whole blood, serum and plasma samples. The assay is one step and the result is read visually within 15 minutes. Using 92 known HIV-1 reactive sera and 108 known HIV-1 negative sera, the 3 HIV tests correctly identified all the known HIV-1 reactive and negative samples. The results indicated that Determine HIV-1/2, Chembio HIV-1/2 STAT-PAK and PenTest HIV are as sensitive and specific (100% concordance) as Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay. The data indicated that these 3 HIV tests are effective testing systems for diagnosis of HIV infection in a situation when the conventional Enzyme Immunoassay is not suitable.

Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Serodiagnosis*

Fulltext Antenatal HIV screening--knowledge, attitudes and practices of obstetricians in KKH

Tan TY, Teo KP, Tan KH

Singapore Med J, 1999 Dec;40(12):733-7.

PMID: 10709422

To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of obstetricians with regards to HIV screening in pregnant women.

Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Serodiagnosis*

Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in women at delivery using unlinked anonymous testing of newborns in the Malaysian setting

Amar HS, Ho JJ, Mohan AJ

J Paediatr Child Health, 1999 Feb;35(1):63-6.

PMID: 10234638

OBJECTIVE: To determine the community prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in women at the time of delivery in a Malaysian setting.

METHODOLOGY: Cord blood samples from a pilot screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism in 1995 at Ipoh city and surrounding district hospitals were screened anonymously for HIV 1 and 2. HIV status was determined using chemiluminescent technology. Positive samples were retested using the Genelavia Mixt assay.

RESULTS: A total of 4927 samples were tested. The ethnic breakdown included 51.7% Malays, 18.9% Chinese, 14.3% Indian, 2.3% Others and 12.9% unknown. The geographical distribution of samples was 73.9% urban, 24.2% rural and 1.9% unknown. The seroprevalence of HIV positivity was 3.25 per 1000 deliveries (95% CI: 1.92-5.16). Seroprevalence was higher for samples from rural and Malay mothers.

CONCLUSION: The high seroprevalence in this study suggests that the spread of HIV is far wider than that anticipated by mandatory national reporting. It also supports antenatal screening and the use of antiretroviral therapy as an important strategy to reduce perinatal transmission.

Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods*

Global programme on AIDS. AIDS surveillance in the WHO Western Pacific Region

Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 1993 Dec 10;68(50):371-5.

PMID: 8305295

Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Serodiagnosis

Fulltext Beliefs and attitudes of medical students from public and private universities in Malaysia towards individuals with HIV/AIDS

Koh KC, Teh JR, Khan SA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:462826.

PMID: 24285935 DOI: 10.1155/2013/462826

We describe the findings from a survey assessing the beliefs regarding testing, confidentiality, disclosure, and environment of care and attitudes towards care of people with HIV/AIDS (PLHWA), in 1020, 4th and 5th year medical students, from public and private medical universities in Malaysia. A self-administered validated questionnaire based on the UNAIDS Model Questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale (5, strongly disagree; 4, disagree; 3, neutral; 2, agree; 1, strongly agree) was used as a survey tool. The survey included demographic data and data on undergraduate training received on HIV/AIDS. Statistical significance in the demographic data and training received by respondents was evaluated using the chi-square test while the independent Student's t-test was used for comparison of means between public and private universities. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant with 95% confidence interval. Our study revealed less than 20% of medical students received adequate training to care for PLHWA. They had prevalent negative beliefs regarding testing, confidentiality, disclosure and environment of care towards PLHWA although in giving care to PLHWA, their attitudes were largely positive and nondiscriminatory.
Study site: 7 public and private universities in Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Serodiagnosis

Fulltext Gender identity, healthcare access, and risk reduction among Malaysia's mak nyah community

Gibson BA, Brown SE, Rutledge R, Wickersham JA, Kamarulzaman A, Altice FL

Glob Public Health, 2016 Aug-Sep;11(7-8):1010-25.

PMID: 26824463 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1134614

Transgender women (TGW) face compounded levels of stigma and discrimination, resulting in multiple health risks and poor health outcomes. TGW identities are erased by forcing them into binary sex categories in society or treating them as men who have sex with men (MSM). In Malaysia, where both civil and religious law criminalise them for their identities, many TGW turn to sex work with inconsistent prevention methods, which increases their health risks. This qualitative study aims to understand how the identities of TGW sex workers shapes their healthcare utilisation patterns and harm reduction behaviours. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 male-to-female transgender (mak nyah) sex workers in Malaysia. Interviews were transcribed, translated into English, and analysed using thematic coding. Results suggest that TGW identity is shaped at an early age followed by incorporation into the mak nyah community where TGW were assisted in gender transition and introduced to sex work. While healthcare was accessible, it failed to address the multiple healthcare needs of TGW. Pressure for gender-affirming health procedures and fear of HIV and sexually transmitted infection screening led to potentially hazardous health behaviours. These findings have implications for developing holistic, culturally sensitive prevention and healthcare services for TGW.

Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Serodiagnosis/statistics & numerical data

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