Different probiotic strains are incorporated into cultured-milk drinks by respective manufacturers with the common aim of providing health benefits to the consumers. Four common cultured-milk products (brands N, S, V and Y) were evaluated for their quality of probiotic strains used, based on the susceptibility of the probiotics to various pH levels simulated to mimic the gastrointestinal system. Results showed that brands Y and V have higher initial probiotic inoculum compared to brands N and S although probiotics from brands N and S were more tolerant to pH 3. Generally, all probiotic strains preferred higher pH with highest viability of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Streptococcus thermophilus observed at pH 8.1. Our study also discovered that among the four brands tested, brand V contained probiotic strains which are most likely to remain viable after passage through the gastrointestinal system.
In the present study, evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
CF4MRS bacteriocin-like substances (BLIS) against various fish pathogens was performed
using an agar well diffusion assay. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) was first pre-treated using
four different bioassays. In the first treatment T1, CFS was treated with catalase, and the pH
was adjusted to 6.5 with NaOH to eliminate the inhibitory effect of H2
O2
and/or lactic acid.
In T2, CFS was treated with only 1 mg/mL catalase. In T3, only the pH was modified and
adjusted (6.5). For T4, no pretreatment was done on the CFS. Our results showed all tested
pathogens: Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525, P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Klebsiella
pneumonia ATCC 10031, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 49140,
Edwardsiella tarda BCRC 16703 and Serratia marcescens (Monash culture collection), were
susceptible to L. lactis CFS (T4). This bacterial inhibition activity was presumably due to
BLIS present in CFS. However, the CFS lost its antimicrobial activity when pH was adjusted
and treated with enzyme catalase (T1 and T3). This inhibitory effect would be attributed to
either organic acid or H2
O2
produced by the bacterium. On the other hand, CFS treated with
only catalase (T2) exerted similar inhibitory effect against the pathogens as showed by the
untreated CFS (T4). BLIS in CFS were subsequently determined using HPLC method. Our
results revealed that lactic acid in BLIS indeed plays the important role in bacterial inhibition,
suggesting the bacteria could be potentially used in managing and controlling fish diseases.