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  1. Rossita Shapawi, Najamuddin Abdul Basri, Sitti Raehanah Muhd Shaleh
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2281-2289.
    The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of green water meal (GWM) as an alternative dietary ingredient
    for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated with 0%
    (GWM0, control diet), 10% (GWM10), 20% (GWM20), 30% (GWM30) and 40% (GWM40) of GWM replacing fishmeal protein
    and fed five times daily to triplicate groups of shrimp with an average initial weight of 6.42±0.02 g. In general, growth
    performance and feed utilization of shrimp fed with GWM10 did not show any significant differences with the control
    diet. Survival rate was above 88% and not affected by the dietary treatments. The whole-body protein and lipid of the
    shrimps decreased with the increasing GWM level in the diets. The shrimps fed with the GWM-based diets (GWM10, GWM20,
    GWM30 and GWM40) presented more intense red/orange colour and contained higher total carotenoid concentration
    compare with the control diet. The present findings suggested that GWM is an excellent source of carotenoid for shrimp
    pigmentation and able to replace fishmeal protein at up to 10% replacement level.
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