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Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm using a New Selection Scheme for Unconstrained Optimization Problems

Shehab M, Khader AT

Curr Med Imaging, 2020;16(4):307-315.
PMID: 32410534 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666180905111128

BACKGROUND: Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) was introduced by Yang and Deb in 2009. It considers as one of the most successful in various fields compared with the metaheuristic algorithms. However, random selection is used in the original CSA which means there is no high chance for the best solution to select, also, losing the diversity.
METHODS: In this paper, the Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm (MCSA) is proposed to enhance the performance of CSA for unconstrained optimization problems. MCSA is focused on the default selection scheme of CSA (i.e. random selection) which is replaced with tournament selection. So, MCSA will increase the probability of better results and avoid the premature convergence. A set of benchmark functions is used to evaluate the performance of MCSA.
RESULTS: The experimental results showed that the performance of MCSA outperformed standard CSA and the existing literature methods.
CONCLUSION: The MCSA provides the diversity by using the tournament selection scheme because it gives the opportunity to all solutions to participate in the selection process.
Fulltext Effectiveness of Dual Biologic or Small Molecule Therapy for Achieving Endoscopic Remission in Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abdullah I, AlMojil K, Shehab M

Diseases, 2022 Nov 09;10(4).
PMID: 36412596 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040102

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune disease with relapse-remission courses. A number of patients may present with a refractory disease with partial or no response to treatment. Others may present with extra-intestinal manifestations that makes the treatment with one biologic challenging. Dual target therapy (DTT), combining biologics and/or small molecule drugs, may offer a chance to achieve remission in these cases and improve patients' quality of life despite the limited evidence regarding this approach. We present a case series of refractory inflammatory bowel disease cases managed with DTT. Seven patients with refractory IBD achieved steroid free, clinical, and endoscopic remission by using DTT. These results support that DTT could be an effective approach in selected patients with refractory IBD or with concomitant extra-intestinal manifestations (EIM). Larger studies, ideally randomized controlled trials, are needed to further support the evidence and confirm the efficacy and safety of DTT for IBD.
Fulltext Gradient-Based Optimizer (GBO): A Review, Theory, Variants, and Applications

Daoud MS, Shehab M, Al-Mimi HM, Abualigah L, Zitar RA, Shambour MKY

Arch Comput Methods Eng, 2023;30(4):2431-2449.
PMID: 36597494 DOI: 10.1007/s11831-022-09872-y

This paper introduces a comprehensive survey of a new population-based algorithm so-called gradient-based optimizer (GBO) and analyzes its major features. GBO considers as one of the most effective optimization algorithm where it was utilized in different problems and domains, successfully. This review introduces set of related works of GBO where distributed into; GBO variants, GBO applications, and evaluate the efficiency of GBO compared with other metaheuristic algorithms. Finally, the conclusions concentrate on the existing work on GBO, showing its disadvantages, and propose future works. The review paper will be helpful for the researchers and practitioners of GBO belonging to a wide range of audiences from the domains of optimization, engineering, medical, data mining and clustering. As well, it is wealthy in research on health, environment and public safety. Also, it will aid those who are interested by providing them with potential future research.
Fulltext Impact of tumor necrosis factor antagonist combination and anti-integrin therapies on body mass index in inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study

Shehab M, Alali A, Al-Hindawi A, Alsayegh A, Aldallal U, Abdullah I, et al.

Front Med (Lausanne), 2022;9:1045661.
PMID: 36687448 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1045661

BACKGROUND: The impact of biologic therapies on body mass index (BMI) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. This study investigates any associations between BMI, type of IBD, and the type of medications taken among patients with IBD with varying weight categories.
METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed in an IBD tertiary care center. Data was obtained from patients with IBD attending outpatient clinics from January 1st, 2021 until November 1st, 2021. Adult patients, older than 18 years, with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were recruited. The primary outcome was the association between BMI and medication used in IBD. The secondary outcome was the association between BMI and disease type and location in patients with IBD.
RESULTS: The study included a total of 528 patients of which, 66.5% have CD. Patients with normal weight comprises 55.9% of the participants, while those who are underweight, overweight or obese are 3.4, 28.2, and 12.5%, respectively. None of the underweight patients had UC. Among the normal weight, overweight and obese BMI categories, 34.6% vs. 36.2% vs. 31.8% had UC, respectively. Patients who are on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) with an immunomodulator (anti-TNF combination), are more likely to be overweight or obese than patients who are not on anti-TNF combination (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.739-4.711, p < 0.001). Patients on vedolizumab are twice as likely to be overweight or obese than patients not on vedolizumab (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.086-4.584, p < 0.05). Patients with ileocolonic CD are more likely to be overweight or obese compared to other subtypes of CD (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.77, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Many patients with IBD are either obese or overweight. Patients with IBD who are on anti-TNF combination therapy or vedolizumab monotherapy are more likely to be obese and overweight. In addition, patients will ileocolonic CD are more likely to be obese or overweight.
Fulltext Impact of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination on the Development of Short and Long-Term Vaccine-Related Adverse Events in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multi-Center Prospective Study

Shehab M, Alrashed F, Abdullah I, Alfadhli A, Ali H, Abu-Farha M, et al.

Front Med (Lausanne), 2022;9:881027.
PMID: 35755075 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.881027

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has been effective in protecting against severe COVID-19 infections and related mortality. It is recommended for all individuals including patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, safety data are lacking in this group of patients. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the short- and long-term vaccine related adverse events (AEs) in patients with IBD.
METHODS: This is a prospective, observational cohort study investigating short- and long-term AEs related to the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with IBD (study group) after the first and second dose compared to healthy participants (control group). Patients were recruited at the time of attendance to the clinic or infusion rooms. Short term (<3 weeks) localized and systemic AEs were assessed via questionnaire. Follow-up phone-based survey was made to collect data on long term (up to 24 weeks) AEs.
RESULTS: A total of 408 patients answered the questionnaires, 204 patients in each group, the study and control group. No serious adverse events were reported in either the study or the control group after the first or the second dose. Participants in the control group reported more frequent pain at the injection site than those in the study group after the first dose [58 (57%) vs. 38 (37%) respectively, P = 0.005]. After the second dose, tiredness was reported more frequently in the control group [49 (48%)] compared to the study group [25 (24%) (P < 0.001)]. At 20-24 weeks post vaccination, 386 out of 408 (94.6%) patients were willing to participate in the follow-up phone based questionnaire [196 (96.1%) in the study group vs. 190 (93.1%) in the control group]. In both groups, none of the patients reported local, systemic, or severe adverse events (0 out of 386) at week 20-24 post second dose.
CONCLUSION: The BNT162b2 vaccine is safe in patients with IBD. No severe or long-term adverse events were reported in our study. The frequency of local and systemic adverse events after the second dose was generally higher among healthy participants compared to patients with IBD. Further studies including a larger cohort with a longer follow-up duration are needed to assess for possible rare adverse events.