Introduction: Water based Metalworking fluids (MWF) are commonly used in machining industries and are excellent media for microorganism growth. The study aimed at determining the relationship between the airway inflammation as indicated by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) with the microbial contaminants of MWF in aerosol and bulk sample as well as the workers’ reported respiratory health symptoms. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 138 machining workers. Their FeNO were measured using NIOX-MINO instrumentation. The microbial as- sessments of bacteria and fungus were carried out on the MWF bulk samples and the aerosol using a sampler DUO SAS SUPER 360TM. Results: Findings showed significant difference in the FeNO levels in workers from various job sections (p=0.01). Significant relationships found between high FeNO levels with their closeness to the machines (p=0.03), high number of machines in the workplaces (p=0.02), high environmental bacteria colonies (p=0.04), lon- ger employment years (p
Water-based metalworking fluid (MWF) provides a suitable environment for microbes to grow. This study aimed at identifying the level and species of microbial contamination of MWF in a metal machining factory and to determine the corresponding Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the workers’ blood samples. Methods: Total of 298 workers in the production section of a metal machining factory, the production section using MWF as coolant fluid, were involved in this study. The Analytical Profile Index system was used to identify the species of microbes isolated from MWF bulk and air samples. Tryptone soya agar was used to incubate unknown bacteria, and sabouraud dextrose agar was used for unknown fungi. The level of IgG antibodies in workers’ blood were measured as an indicator of the exposure to the microbes isolated from MWF, corresponded to the microbial species isolated from MWF. Results: The most dominant microbes isolated from the channels were Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 21 (34.4%) workers were positively exposed to E. coli, 30 (42.2%) to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 45(75%) exposed to Candida albicans. Also, the mean level of optic density of IgG to Klebsiella pneumoniae was 0.415 (0.02). Conclusion: Water-based metalworking fluid in this metal machining factory was contaminated with bacteria and fungi. The workers in the production section were exposed to MWF as well as the microbes present in MWF. The level of IgG in blood was the biomarkers for occupational exposure to microbial contaminant MWF.
Introduction: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality globally. Hence, the need to develop sensitive, reliable and cost- effective method of detection is crucial. In this study, we developed a visual detection method for the common virulence gene, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (speB) involved in invasive GAS diseases using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with fluorescent detection dye (calcein). Meth-ods: The LAMP reaction was optimized at 63°C for 35 minutes using five sets of primer designed with LAMP primer V5 software. When the dye was added prior to amplification, samples with speB DNA developed a characteristic green color after the reaction, but no color reactions were observed in samples with DNAs of non-GAS isolates. De-tection of speB by LAMP assay was done among 43 clinical isolates of blood, pus, wound, tissue and throat samples and ATCCs for controls. Our findings were further reconfirmed by subjecting the LAMP products to 0.5% gel electro-phoresis. Results: The detection limit of this LAMP assay for speB was 10-7 ng/μl of genomic DNA per reaction, which was 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR 10-3 ng/μl. All 100 % samples were positive for speB gene by LAMP, and 93% by conventional PCR method. Conclusion: LAMP assay could offer remarkably high sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, reliability, affordability, and visibility; it is appropriate for rapid detection of speB in Group A streptococci (GAS) as a point of care testing.
Malaria and dengue are among the most important public health threats in Malaysia. These two-arthropod borne diseases have overlapping mosquito biotopes and clinical manifestations, and co-infections have been associated with increased severity notably on the haematological abnormalities. Dengue caused by four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes has been highly endemic in Malaysia. However, malaria due to Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) has been rarely reported among Malaysian population. Nonetheless, climate change and increased influx of international travellers and migrants have shifted the parasite boundaries to non-endemic countries. Thus, diagnosis and management of imported malarial infections should rely on the geographical knowledge on the origin of potential Plasmodium species, prompt laboratory testing and public health intervention. Moreover, it would be difficult to clinically differentiate dengue fever (DF) with a potential relapse or partially treat- ed case of P. ovale, and there is absolutely no transmission of this Plasmodium species in our country. Hence, we believed that this case deserved to be reported.
Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of each plant were tested for their antiplasmodial activity on chloroquineresistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FCB strain), based on lactate dehydrogenase activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed with the MTT test on MRC-5 human diploid embryonic lung cells. Most extracts of ten selected plants used in Malay traditional medicine in Malaysia had activity in vitro. This supports continued investigations of traditional medicine in the search for new antimalarial agent. The compounds responsible for the observed antiplasmodial effects are under investigation.
To characterise the cag pathogenicity island in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolates by analysing the strains' vacA alleles and metronidazole susceptibilities in light of patient ethnicity and clinical outcome.
Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Malaysia. Despite the increasing incidence rate, knowledge on the economic assessment of preventing leptospirosis is still limited. This paper introduces the willingness-to-contribute (WTC) method for estimating the economic benefit of preventing leptospirosis. A cross-sectional study using the WTC method was applied to measure how much time respondents in Kelantan were willing to contribute toward preventing leptospirosis. Study respondents were wet market traders aged 18 years old and above who were fluent in the Malay language. The average WTC value was multiplied by the population of Kelantan to derive the monetary value of preventing leptospirosis. Two hundred and fifty respondents participated in the study. The mean time contribution was 6.68 hours (SD9.01) per month. The average WTC corresponded to a monthly cost savings of US$4.94 per person. Approximately between US$106.7 million to US$315 million per annum can be saved through the prevention of leptospirosis in Kelantan. Preventing leptospirosis is beneficial to Kelantan and would bring major economic savings. The findings are intended to help policy makers in the planning and management of leptospirosis policies and interventions.