In this study, a series of copper-ion-doped titanium dioxide (Cu-ion-doped TiO₂) nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method by the concentration variation of doped Cu ions (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50, and 5.00 mmol). In addition, the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen gas adsorption measurements, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Cu-iondoped TiO₂ NTs was investigated for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under sunlight. The results obtained from the structural and morphological studies revealed that, at low concentrations of Cu-doped TiO₂ NTs, Cu is incorporated into the interstitial positions of the TiO₂ lattice, affording a new phase of TiO₂ (hexagonal) instead of the anatase TiO₂ (tetragonal) observed for undoped TiO₂ NTs. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Cu in the TiO₂-based photocatalyst. All of the investigated samples exhibited a hollow fibrous-like structure, indicative of an NT morphology. The inner and outer diameters of the NTs were 4 nm and 10 nm, respectively. The photocatalysts exhibited a large surface area due to the NT morphology and a type IV isotherm and H3 hysteresis, corresponding to the mesopores and slit-shaped pores. The Cu-ion-doped TiO₂ NTs were excited by sunlight because of their low bandgap energy; and after the incorporation of Cu ions into the interstitial positions of the TiO₂ lattice, the NTs exhibited high visible-light activity owing to the low bandgap.
In this work, the potential of titanium dioxide nanoparticles incorporated gellan gum (GG + TiO2-NPs) biofilm as wound dressing material was investigated. The GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm was prepared via evaporative casting technique and was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to study their physiochemical properties. The mechanical properties, swelling and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of biofilm was determined to comply with an ideal wound dressing material. In vitro and in vivo wound healing studies was carried out to evaluate the performance of GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm. In vitro wound healing was studied on 3 T3 mouse fibroblast cells for cell viability, cell proliferation, and scratch assay. The acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were used to evaluate the viability of cell and cell proliferation. Cell migration assay was analyzed using Essen BioScience IncuCyteTM Zoom system. In vivo wound healing via open excision wounds model on Sprague Dawley rat was studied within 14 days. The FT-IR spectra of GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm show main bands assigned to OH stretching, OH deformation, and TiO stretching modes. XRD pattern of GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm suggesting that TiO2-NPs was successfully incorporated in biofilm and well distributed on the surface as proved by SEM analysis. The GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm shows higher mechanical strength and swelling (3.76 ± 0.11 MPa and 1061 ± 6%) as compared to pure GG film (3.32 ± 0.08 Mpa and 902 ± 6%), respectively. GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm shows good antibacterial properties as 9 ± 0.25 mm and 11 ± 0.06 mm exhibition zone was observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, respectively. While no exhibition zone was obtained for pure GG biofilm. GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm also demonstrated better cell-to-cell interaction properties, as it's promoted cell proliferation and cell migration to accelerate open excision wound healing on Sprague Dawley rat. The wound treated with GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm was healed within 14 days, on the other hand, the wound is still can be seen when it was treated with GG. However, GG and GG + TiO2-NPs biofilm show no cytotoxicity effects on mouse fibroblast cells.
The synthesized titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) were emerged as wound healing enhancer as well as exhibited significant wound healing activity on Sprague Dawley rats. In our present study, the blends of GG and TiO2-NTs bio-nanocomposite film was characterised by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphology of TiO2-NTs was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties study shows that the GG + TiO2-NTs (20 w/w %) bio-nanocomposite film possessed the highest tensile strength and young modulus which are (4.56 ± 0.15) MPa and (68 ± 1.63) MPa, respectively. GG + TiO2-NTs (20 w/w %) also displays the highest antibacterial activity with (16 ± 0.06) mm, (16 ± 0.06) mm, (14 ± 0.06) mm, and (12 ± 0.25) mm inhibition zone were recorded against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prepared bio-nanocomposite films have good biocompatibility against 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and caused accelerated healing of open excision type wounds on Sprague Dawley rat model. The synergistic effects of bio-nanocomposite film like good swelling and WVTR properties, excellent hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, wound appearance and wound closure rate through in vivo test makes it a suitable candidate for wound healing applications.
Gellan gum incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles biofilm was synthesized and characterized using UV, FTIR and XRD to study their physical and chemical properties. The mechanical properties were measured using universal mechanical testing. Meanwhile, the biological properties were investigated towards for antibacterial and cell proliferation. This comprehensive data are relevant with the research article entitled "Gellan gum incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles biofilm as wound dressing: Physicochemical, mechanical, antibacterial properties and wound healing studies" [1].
Flower-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures are successfully synthesized using a hybrid sol-gel and a simple hydrothermal method. The sample was characterized using various techniques to study their physicochemical properties and was tested as a photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation and as an antibacterial material. Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern show that the phase structure of the synthesized TiO2 is anatase with 80-100 nm in diameter and 150-200 nm in length of flower-like nanostructures as proved by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of flower-like anatase TiO2 nanostructure found that only titanium and oxygen elements are present in the sample. The anatase phase was confirmed further by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern analysis. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) result shows that the sample had a large surface area (108.24 m2/g) and large band gap energy (3.26 eV) due to their nanosize. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the formation of Ti4+ and Ti3+ species which could prevent the recombination of the photogenerated electron, thus increased the electron transportation and photocatalytic activity of flower-like anatase TiO2 nanostructure to degrade the methyl orange (83.03%) in a short time (60 minutes). These properties also support the good performance of flower-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructure as an antibacterial material which is comparable with penicillin which is 13.00 ± 0.02 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.
This study aims to develop a highly efficient adsorbent material. CNTs are prepared using a chemical vapor deposition method with acetylene and synthesized mesoporous Ni-MCM41 as the carbon source and catalyst, respectively, and are then functionalized using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) through the co-condensation method and loaded with commercial TiO2. Results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm that the synthesized CNTs grown are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Transmission electron microscopy shows good dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles onto functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2, with the diameter of a hair-like structure measuring between 3 and 8 nm. The functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 are tested as an adsorbent for removal of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution, and results show that 94% of MO is removed after 10 min of reaction, and 100% after 30 min. The adsorption kinetic model of functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 follows a pseudo-second order with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.85 mg/g. This study shows that functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 has considerable potential as an adsorbent material due to the short adsorption time required to achieve equilibrium.
New compound, namely (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide was successfully synthesized using thiosemicarbazide with 4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde in ethanol solution. The data presented in this articles is related to our research articles entitled "Crystal Structure of (Z)-1-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide" (Osman et al., 2017) [1]. This work shows the continue data from experimental spectroscopic measurement which are Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR). Assessment on the correlation with theoretical computational data was also carried out through GaussView 5.0.9 and Gaussian09 software. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) were also illustrated.
Titanate compounds was synthesized using hydrothermal method at various temperature (100, 150, 200, and 250 °C) for 24 hours. As-synthesized titanate was characterized using FTIR, XRD and nitrogen gas adsorption. FTIR spectra was scanned from 4000 to 400 cm-1 using Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 FTIR spectrophotometer. XRD diffractogram was performed by using Rigaku Miniflex (II) X-ray diffractometer operating at a scanning rate of 2.00° min-1. The diffraction spectra were recorded at the diffraction angle, 2θ from 10° to 80° at room temperature. Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis was studied by using Micromeritics ASAP2020 (Alaska) to determine the surface area and pores size distribution. The nitrogen adsorption and desorption was measured at 77 K (temperature of liquid nitrogen) and the samples were degassed in a vacuum at 110 °C under nitrogen flow for overnight prior to analysis.
One-pot synthetic method was adopted to prepare three isomers 4-(ortho-fluorophenyl)thiosemi- carbazide), 4-(meta-fluorophenyl)thiosemicarbazide and 4-(para-fluorophenyl)thiosemicarbazide. The products were obtained in ethanolic solution from a reaction between ortho, meta and para derivatives of fluorophenyl isothiocyanate and hydrazine hydrate. This work presents the theoretical Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) computational data through Gaussview 5.0.9 and Gaussian09 software. Experimental Cole-cole plot for conductivity determination was also illustrated. The present data is important to manipulate the properties of compounds according to the position of a fluorine atom.
The demand for advanced wound care products is rapidly increasing nowadays. In this study, gellan gum/collagen (GG/C) hydrogel films containing gatifloxacin (GAT) were developed to investigate their properties as wound dressing materials. ATR-FTIR, swelling, water content, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and thermal properties were investigated. The mechanical properties of the materials were tested in dry and wet conditions to understand the performance of the materials after exposure to wound exudate. Drug release by Franz diffusion was measured with all samples showing 100 % cumulative drug release after 40 min. Strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis were observed for Gram-positive bacteria, while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed for Gram-negative bacteria. The in-vivo cytotoxicity of GG/C-GAT was assessed by wound contraction in rats, which was 95 % for GG/C-GAT01. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed the appearance of fresh full epidermis and granulation tissue, indicating that all wounds had passed through the proliferation phase. The results demonstrate the promising properties of the materials to be used as dressing materials.
This alkaloid automated removal machine was developed at Instrumentation Laboratory, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Malaysia that purposely for removing the alkaloid toxicity from Dioscorea hispida (DH) tuber. It is a poisonous plant where scientific study has shown that its tubers contain toxic alkaloid constituents, dioscorine. The tubers can only be consumed after it poisonous is removed. In this experiment, the tubers are needed to blend as powder form before inserting into machine basket. The user is need to push the START button on machine controller for switching the water pump ON by then creating turbulence wave of water in machine tank. The water will stop automatically by triggering the outlet solenoid valve. The powders of tubers are washed for 10 minutes while 1 liter of contaminated water due toxin mixture is flowing out. At this time, the controller will automatically triggered inlet solenoid valve and the new water will flow in machine tank until achieve the desire level that which determined by ultra sonic sensor. This process will repeated for 7 h and the positive result is achieved and shows it significant according to the several parameters of biological character ofpH, temperature, dissolve oxygen, turbidity, conductivity and fish survival rate or time. From that parameter, it also shows the positive result which is near or same with control water and assuming was made that the toxin is fully removed when the pH of DH powder is near with control water. For control water, the pH is about 5.3 while water from this experiment process is 6.0 and before run the machine the pH of contaminated water is about 3.8 which are too acid. This automated machine can save time for removing toxicity from DH compared with a traditional method while less observation of the user.
The demand for wound care products, especially advanced and active wound care products is huge. In this study, gellan gum (GG) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) were utilized to develop microemulsion-based hydrogel for wound dressing materials. A ternary phase diagram was constructed to obtain an optimized ratio of VCO, water, and surfactant to produce VCO microemulsion. The VCO microemulsion was incorporated into gellan gum (GG) hydrogel (GVCO) and their chemical interaction, mechanical performance, physical properties, and thermal behavior were examined. The stress-at-break (σ) and Young's modulus (YM) of GVCO hydrogel films were increased along with thermal behavior with the inclusion of VCO microemulsion. The swelling degree of GVCO hydrogel decreased as the VCO microemulsion increased and the water vapor transmission rate of GVCO hydrogels was comparable to commercial dressing in the range of 332-391 g m-2 d-1. The qualitative antibacterial activities do not show any inhibition against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. In vivo studies on Sprague-Dawley rats show the wound contraction of GVCO hydrogel is best (95 ± 2%) after the 14th day compared to a commercial dressing of Smith and Nephew Opsite post-op waterproof dressing, and this result is supported by the ultrasound images of wound skin and histological evaluation of the wound. The findings suggest that GVCO hydrogel has the potential to be developed as a biomedical material.