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Fulltext Development and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of mometasone furoate for topical delivery

Madan JR, Khude PA, Dua K

Int J Pharm Investig, 2014 Apr;4(2):60-4.
PMID: 25006550 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973X.133047

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are the new generation of submicron sized lipid emulsions where liquid lipid (oil) has been substituted by solid lipid. Lipids used in the formulation are safe, stable and biodegradable in nature. SLNs offer various advantages for topical drug delivery like ability of deposition into skin with the reduced systemic exposure and reduced local side-effects along with providing sustained release of drug. Mometasone furoate (MF) is a topical glucocorticoid having anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic, anti-hyper proliferative activity. Owing to these properties it is recommended in chronic inflammation and psoriasis. In market, MF cream and lotion (0.1%) are available, which show slight skin irritation, burning and common side-effects due to steroids.
Fulltext Solubility enhancement studies on lurasidone hydrochloride using mixed hydrotropy

Madan JR, Pawar KT, Dua K

Int J Pharm Investig, 2015 Apr-Jun;5(2):114-20.
PMID: 25838997 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973X.153390

Low aqueous solubility is a major problem faced during formulation development of new drug molecules. Lurasidone HCl (LRD) is an antipsychotic agent specially used in the treatments of schizophrenia and is a good example of the problems associated with low aqueous solubility. Lurasidone is practically insoluble in water, has poor bioavailability and slow onset of action and therefore cannot be given in emergency clinical situations like schizophrenia. Hence, purpose of this research was to provide a fast dissolving oral dosage form of Lurasidone. This dosage form can provide quick onset of action by using the concept of mixed hydrotropy. Initially, solubility of LRD was determined individually in nicotinamide, sodium citrate, urea and sodium benzoate at concentration of 10, 20, 30 and 40% w/v solutions using purified water as a solvent. Highest solubility was obtained in 40% sodium benzoate solution. In order to decrease the individual hydrotrope concentration mixed hydrotropic agents were used. Highest solubility was obtained in 15:20:5 ratio of Nicotinamide + sodium benzoate + sodium citrate. This optimized combination was utilized in the preparation of solid dispersions by using distilled water as a solvent. Solid dispersions were evaluated for X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared to show no drug-hydrotropes interaction has occurred. This solid dispersion was compressed to form fast dissolving tablets. Dissolution studies of prepared tablets were done using USP Type II apparatus. The batch L3 tablets show 88% cumulative drug release within 14 min and in vitro dispersion time was 32 min. It was concluded that the concept of mixed hydrotropic solid dispersion is novel, safe and cost-effective technique for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The miraculous enhancement in solubility and bioavailability of Lurasidone is clear indication of the potential of mixed hydrotropy to be used in future for other poorly water-soluble drugs in which low bioavailability is a major concern.
Fulltext Nanotechnology in drug delivery gaining new perspectives in respiratory diseases

Dua K, Madan JR, Chellappan DK, Gupta G

Panminerva Med, 2018 09;60(3):135-136.
PMID: 30176702 DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03442-0
Novel drug delivery approaches in treating pulmonary fibrosis

Dua K, Awasthi R, Madan JR, Chellappan DK, Nalluri BN, Gupta G, et al.

Panminerva Med, 2018 Dec;60(4):238-240.
PMID: 29480673 DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03428-6
Formulation and evaluation of niosomal in-situ nasal gel of Buspirone Hydrochloride for brain delivery

Mathure D, Madan JR, Gujar KN, Tupsamundre A, Ranpise HA, Dua K

Pharm Nanotechnol, 2018 01 29.
PMID: 29380709 DOI: 10.2174/2211738506666180130105919

Considering various merits associated with the nasal mucosa such large surface area, porous endothelial membrane, high blood flow, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and ready accessibility leads to faster and higher drug absorption. Keeping these facts in mind, the objective of the present study was to develop Buspirone hydrochloride loaded niosomal in-situ nasal gel. Buspirone hydrochloride niosomal in-situ nasal gel was formulated, optimized and evaluated with the aim to deliver drug to the brain via intranasal route. Niosomes were prepared by thin film evaporation method and optimizedusing32 factorial design. The niosomes were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. Buspirone hydrochloride loaded niosomes were further incorporated into Carbopol 934P and HPMC K4M liquid gelling system for formation of in-situ gel. The resultant solution was assessed for various parameters, viz., gelling time, gelling capacity, viscosity at pH 5 and pH 6. Ex-vivo permeation of Buspirone hydrochloride through the sheep nasal mucosa showed that 83.49 % w/w drug permeated after 8 h. The SEM and Zeta potential studies showed formation of good and stable vesicles. Thus, the application of niosomes proved the potential for intranasal drug delivery of Buspirone hydrochloride over the conventional gel formulations. Overall intranasal drug of delivery for Buspirone hydrochloride has been successfully developed.
Emerging Complexity and the Need for Advanced Drug Delivery in Targeting Candida Species

Wadhwa R, Pandey P, Gupta G, Aggarwal T, Kumar N, Mehta M, et al.

Curr Top Med Chem, 2019;19(28):2593-2609.
PMID: 31746290 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191026105308

BACKGROUND: Candida species are the important etiologic agents for candidiasis, the most prevalent cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Candida invasion results in mucosal to systemic infections through immune dysfunction and helps in further invasion and proliferation at several sites in the host. The host defence system utilizes a wide array of the cells, proteins and chemical signals that are distributed in blood and tissues which further constitute the innate and adaptive immune system. The lack of antifungal agents and their limited therapeutic effects have led to high mortality and morbidity related to such infections.
METHODS: The necessary information collated on this review has been gathered from various literature published from 1995 to 2019.
RESULTS: This article sheds light on novel drug delivery approaches to target the immunological axis for several Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. rugose, C. hemulonii, etc.).
CONCLUSION: It is clear that the novel drug delivery approaches include vaccines, adoptive transfer of primed immune cells, recombinant cytokines, therapeutic antibodies, and nanoparticles, which have immunomodulatory effects. Such advancements in targeting various underpinning mechanisms using the concept of novel drug delivery will provide a new dimension to the fungal infection clinic particularly due to Candida species with improved patient compliance and lesser side effects. This advancement in knowledge can also be extended to target various other similar microbial species and infections.
Fulltext Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Virus-Pathophysiological Axis and the Current Treatment Strategies

Alnuqaydan AM, Almutary AG, Sukamaran A, Yang BTW, Lee XT, Lim WX, et al.

AAPS PharmSciTech, 2021 Jun 08;22(5):173.
PMID: 34105037 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02062-2

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a lethal respiratory disease with its first case reported back in 2012 (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). It is a novel, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA beta coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was isolated from a patient who died from a severe respiratory illness. Later, it was found that this patient was infected with MERS. MERS is endemic to countries in the Middle East regions, such as Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. It has been reported that the MERS virus originated from bats and dromedary camels, the natural hosts of MERS-CoV. The transmission of the virus to humans has been thought to be either direct or indirect. Few camel-to-human transmissions were reported earlier. However, the mode of transmission of how the virus affects humans remains unanswered. Moreover, outbreaks in either family-based or hospital-based settings were observed with high mortality rates, especially in individuals who did not receive proper management or those with underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes and renal failure. Since then, there have been numerous reports hypothesising complications in fatal cases of MERS. Over the years, various diagnostic methods, treatment strategies and preventive measures have been strategised in containing the MERS infection. Evidence from multiple sources implicated that no treatment options and vaccines have been developed in specific, for the direct management of MERS-CoV infection. Nevertheless, there are supportive measures outlined in response to symptom-related management. Health authorities should stress more on infection and prevention control measures, to ensure that MERS remains as a low-level threat to public health.