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  1. Zainudin, M.F., Hussin, H., Halim, A.K.
    MyJurnal
    Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is the most concern issue CMOS devices with the scaling
    down of the CMOS technologies. NBTI effect contributes to P-MOSFET device degradation which later
    reduce the performance and reliability of CMOS circuits. This paper presents a reliability simulation study
    based on R-D model on CMOS inverter circuit. HSPICE MOSRA model together with the Predictive
    Technology Model (PTM) was used as to incorporate the NBTI model in the circuit reliability simulation
    study for different technology nodes. PTM of High Performance (HP) models of 16nm, 22nm, 32nm
    and 45nm were used in this simulation study. The atomic hydrogen based model was integrated in the
    simulation. The results show that in a CMOS inverter circuit, the threshold voltage shift of p-MOSFET
    under NBTI stressing increased as the year progressed.. The threshold voltage shift was observed to
    increase up to 45.1% after 10 years of operation. The time exponent, n ~ 0.232 of the threshold voltage
    shift observed indicates that the defect mechanism contributed to the degradation is atomic hydrogen.
    The propagation delay increased to 19.5% over a 10-year period. s up to 19.5% from the zero year
    of operation until 10 years of the operation. In addition, the time propagation delay increased as year
    increased when the technology nodes smaller. The finding is important for understanding reliability
    issues related to advanced technology nodes in CMOS circuits study.
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