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Fulltext Low-cost and cleanroom-free prototyping of microfluidic and electrochemical biosensors: Techniques in fabrication and bioconjugation

Mohd Asri MA, Nordin AN, Ramli N

Biomicrofluidics, 2021 Dec;15(6):061502.
PMID: 34777677 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071176

Integrated microfluidic biosensors enable powerful microscale analyses in biology, physics, and chemistry. However, conventional methods for fabrication of biosensors are dependent on cleanroom-based approaches requiring facilities that are expensive and are limited in access. This is especially prohibitive toward researchers in low- and middle-income countries. In this topical review, we introduce a selection of state-of-the-art, low-cost prototyping approaches of microfluidics devices and miniature sensor electronics for the fabrication of sensor devices, with focus on electrochemical biosensors. Approaches explored include xurography, cleanroom-free soft lithography, paper analytical devices, screen-printing, inkjet printing, and direct ink writing. Also reviewed are selected surface modification strategies for bio-conjugates, as well as examples of applications of low-cost microfabrication in biosensors. We also highlight several factors for consideration when selecting microfabrication methods appropriate for a project. Finally, we share our outlook on the impact of these low-cost prototyping strategies on research and development. Our goal for this review is to provide a starting point for researchers seeking to explore microfluidics and biosensors with lower entry barriers and smaller starting investment, especially ones from low resource settings.
[A rare case of bladder leiomyoma in pregnancy: a case report]

Aizat Sabri I, Yusof MR, Jagwani AV, Fahmy O, Lee CK, Mg-Khairul Asri MA, et al.

Urologiia, 2022 Dec.
PMID: 36625624

We present a rare case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder that was diagnosed during pregnancy. The case of a 29-year-old woman primigravida at 13 weeks of pregnancy who presented with 6 months history of abdominal swelling which was gradually increasing in size. Computed tomography done revealed a large heterogenous mass(enhancing) with an area of non-enhancing (necrosis) suggestive of malignant ovarian tumor. The histological findings of the surgical specimen confirmed a leiomyoma of the urinary bladder. The clinical presentation, imaging findings, and management of this relatively rare benign tumor are discussed in this case report.
Fulltext Characterisation of the Corticospinal Tract Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Unilateral and Bilateral Cerebral Palsy Patients

Samsir S, Zakaria R, Razak SA, Ismail MS, Rahim MZA, Lin CS, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Sep;25(5):68-78.
PMID: 30914864 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.5.7

Background: Neuroimaging is increasingly used to locate the lesion that causes cerebral palsy (CP) and its extent in the brains of CP patients. Conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not indicate the connectional pattern of white matter; however, with the help of diffusion MRI, fibre tracking of white matter can be done.
Methods: We used diffusion MRI and probabilistic tractography to identify the putative white matter connectivity in the brains of 10 CP patients. We tracked the corticospinal tract (CST) of the patients' upper and lower limbs and calculated the white matter connectivity, as indexed by streamlines representing the probability of connection of the CST.
Results: Our results show that diffusion MRI with probabilistic tractography, while having some relation with the clinical diagnosis of CP, reveals a high degree of individual variation in the streamlines representing the CST for upper and lower limbs.
Conclusion: Diffusion MRI with probabilistic tractography provides the state of connectivity from lesioned areas to other parts of the brain and is potentially beneficial to be used as an adjunct to the clinical management of CP, providing a means to monitor intervention outcomes.

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