This paper seeks to illustrate how empowerment theory can be applied as a critical approach which
could heighten power and capacity in community development. This is because empowerment is not
just viewed through theory or philosophy only, but as an active approach which could be applied to
enhance individual, oganizational or even communal prosperity. Many communal issues discussed by
scholars such as poverty, health, women, people with disability, single mothers, youth, leadership, organization and many others utilises the empowerment approach. This is because it is the most
effective approach in resolving issues by empowering individual or target group to take effective action
through ability and potential, which have been developed. Discussion will ensue with definition of
empowerment, which will be elucidated, with the concept of power. In the context of community
development, empowerment refers to a mechanism where individual, organization and community will
amass control on life and related issues affecting them such as economy, social, psychology and
politics. To understand this concept clearly, discussion of empowerment concept will be closely
examined to view the definition from two different dimensions, which is whether empowerment can be
ascertained as a process, benefit or outcome. By using the qualitative approach, which is through
analysing content, books, journals and other references, a few steps or process have been unearthed to
apply empowerment as an approach, which could be practiced in the context of community
development specifically in rural areas.
Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan hubungan antara sikap terhadap Program Peningkatan Pendapatan (PPP) dan perubahan kepada sosio-ekonomi dalam kalangan peserta PPP Orang Asli. Secara khususnya, kajian ini bertujuan untuk i) menghuraikan latar belakang responden; ii) mengenal pasti tahap sikap dan perubahan sosio-ekonomi; dan iii) menentukan hubungan antara sikap terhadap PPP dan perubahan kepada sosio-ekonomi. Kajian ini melibatkan 110 Orang Asli yang menyertai PPP di negeri Perak. Pemilihan responden adalah secara persampelan bertujuan. Data dikumpul menggunakan borang soal selidik melalui prosedur tadbir sendiri dengan pemantauan minima oleh penyelidik. Hasil kajian mendapati antara projek PPP yang dijalankan di negeri Perak adalah tanaman sayuran, limau kasturi dan pisang, serta ternakan kambing, lembu, ikan tilapia dan kelulut. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pendapatan dalam kalangan responden walaupun majoriti daripada mereka memperoleh pendapatan bulanan kurang daripada RM1000. Secara keseluruhannya, majoriti responden mempunyai sikap yang positif terhadap PPP, manakala perubahan kepada sosioekonomi berada pada tahap yang sederhana. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan hubungan positif secara signifikan antara sikap terhadap PPP dengan dimensi perubahan sosio-ekonomi (r = .430 hingga r = .681; p
Cyberbullying has emerged of late as a serious issue, especially among the most active internet users in Malaysia – youths. As the number of related studies is still lacking, the present study aims to determine the predictors of cyberbullying among youths in Malaysia. The study is quantitative in nature and in total had involved 400 youths aged between 18 to 40 years old. The findings suggest that predictors such as age, loneliness, self-esteem, and empathy yielded significant relationship with cyberbullying, while males were predominantly reported to perpetrate cyberbullying than females. Several recommendations were highlighted and hopefully, it can assist any concerned parties in developing concrete strategies to reduce cyberbullying cases among youths in Malaysia further.
Artikel ini meneliti desentralisasi kuasa dan hubungnya dengan penglibatan komuniti Iban dalam Skim
Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Rakyat (SPKR). Bagi tujuan pengumpulan data kajian, kaedah temu bual
berstruktur menggunakan borang soal selidik telah dijalankan ke atas 260 Ketua Isi Rumah (KIR)
rumah panjang di Daerah Song, Sarawak. Penemuan kajian menunjukkan desentralisasi kuasa dalam
program di bawah SPKR berada pada tahap sederhana. Analisis Ujian Khi Kuasa Dua pula
menunjukkan terdapat perhubungan yang signifikan (p ≤ 0.05) antara tahap desentralisasi kuasa dengan
penglibatan masyarakat Iban dalam pelaksanaan dan penilaian program di bawah SPKR. Ini
menggambarkan semakin tinggi tahap desentralisasi kuasa yang diterima oleh masyarakat, maka
semakin tinggi tahap penglibatan mereka dalam aktiviti pelaksanaan dan penilaian program di bawah
skim tersebut. Sebaliknya, perhubungan tersebut adalah tidak signifikan (p ≥ 0.05) dari segi tahap
penglibatan dalam membuat keputusan dan berkongsi manfaat daripada program di bawah SPKR.
This study sought to develop and validate an instrument measuring cyberbullying among
Malaysian youths. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to determine the best
sub-factors and items for the instrument, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was
performed to test and validate the measurement model. Results from EFA on 38 items
showed that the items were pooled into four sub-factors. Meanwhile, results from CFA
indicated that eight items had to be discarded in order to confirm that the model was fit.
Overall, the final version of the instrument consisted of four cyberbullying sub-factors,
namely, impersonation (13 items), cyberstalking and harassment (nine items), flaming (four
items), and elimination (four items).