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Fulltext Effect of diet-induced weight loss on iron status and its markers among young women with overweight/obesity and iron deficiency anemia: a randomized controlled trial

Alshwaiyat NM, Ahmad A, Al-Jamal HAN

Front Nutr, 2023;10:1155947.
PMID: 37284649 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1155947

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and iron deficiency are prevalent health problems that affect billions of people all over the world. Obesity is postulated to relate to iron deficiency via reduced intestinal iron absorption due to increased serum hepcidin level, which is mediated by chronic inflammation. Weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity and iron deficiency anemia is believed to be associated with an improvement in iron status however the evidence from clinical trials is scarce. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of diet-induced weight loss on iron status and its markers among young women with overweight/obesity and iron deficiency anemia.
METHODS: The study design was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms (weight loss intervention vs control). Study participants were recruited using the convenience sampling method through public advertisements posted and disseminated through social media. Interested and potential participants were asked to visit the Diet Clinic for eligibility screening. A total of 62 women were recruited and randomized into weight loss intervention and control group. The intervention duration was three months. The intervention group received individual consultation sessions with the dietitian and tailored energy-restricted diets. Physical activity levels, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and clinical markers were measured at baseline and end of the trial.
RESULTS: There was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in body weight of the intervention group (-7.4 ± 2.7 kg) that was associated with significant improvements in iron status and its markers (p < 0.01). The intervention group experienced a significant increase in hemoglobin (0.5 ± 0.6 g/dL), serum ferritin (5.6 ± 5.8 ng/mL), and serum iron (13.0 ± 16.2 µg/dL), and a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-5.2 ± 5.6 mg/L), and serum hepcidin level (-1.9 ± 2.2 ng/mL) at the end of the trial.
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that diet-induced weight loss among participants was associated with an improvement in iron status and its related clinical markers.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: [https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20221009001], identifier [TCTR20221009001].
Fulltext Prevalence of Fast Food Intake among a Multi-Ethnic Population of Young Men and Its Connection with Sociodemographic Determinants and Obesity

AlTamimi JZ, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlFaris NA, AlKehayez NM, Alsemari MA, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Nov 13;19(22).
PMID: 36429650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214933

Fast food is commonly consumed by young adults. Eating fast food is connected with the risk of obesity and other related diseases. The present study examines the prevalence of fast food intake in a diverse sample of young men. This cross-sectional study included 3600 young men (20-35 years) who resided in Riyadh, KSA. The frequency of fast food intake was assessed using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Weekly and daily intake of fast food were the two outcome variables adopted to assess the intake frequency. Weight and height were measured. Fast food was eaten by 88.8% and 50.1% of participants weekly and daily, respectively. Fast food intake was predicted by the nationality of participants. The highest prevalence of weekly fast food intake (99.7%) was observed among Saudi, Egyptian, and Indian participants, while the lowest rate was observed among Sudanese participants (48.6%). The highest and lowest rates of daily intake were seen among Filipino (83.4%) and Bangladeshi (6.3%) participants. Obesity was another predictor of fast food intake. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio of weekly (OR = 2.89, p = 0.006) and daily (OR = 1.39, p = 0.021) fast food intake than non-overweight/non-obese participants. In conclusion, fast food is frequently consumed by young men in KSA. Our findings link the likelihood of fast food intake to sociodemographic determinants and obesity.
Fulltext Prevalence of fast-food intake among a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and connection with sociodemographic factors and obesity

AlTamimi JZ, AlFaris NA, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlKehayez NM, Alsemari MA, et al.

Medicine (Baltimore), 2023 Apr 14;102(15):e33555.
PMID: 37058044 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033555

Adults are increasingly eating fast-food, which is connected to adverse health outcomes such as obesity and chronic diseases. This work was carried out to study the prevalence of fast-food intake among a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and its connection with sociodemographic factors and obesity. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1800 middle-aged men from Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess participants fast-food intake frequency. Fast-food was consumed weekly by 87.8% of participants and daily by 45.6% of participants. The nationality of participants was determined as a predictor of fast-food intake. The highest and lowest prevalence of weekly fast-food intake was reported among Turkish (99.6%) and Sudanese (48.3%) participants. The highest and lowest daily intake rates were reported among participants from the Philippines (85.9%) and Bangladesh (10.0%). Another factor predicting fast-food intake was obesity. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of weekly (OR = 5.83, P
Association between obesity and iron deficiency (Review)

Alshwaiyat NM, Ahmad A, Wan Hassan WMR, Al-Jamal HAN

Exp Ther Med, 2021 Nov;22(5):1268.
PMID: 34594405 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10703

Obesity is a risk factor for several comorbidities and complications, including iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is a serious global public health problem, with a worldwide prevalence. The high prevalence of obesity in combination with iron deficiency incidence observed in different age and sex categories suggests an association between obesity and iron status. Obesity may disrupt iron homeostasis, resulting in iron deficiency anemia. The association between obesity and iron deficiency may be due to increased hepcidin levels mediated by chronic inflammation. Hepcidin is a small peptide hormone that functions as a negative regulator of intestinal iron absorption. Significant body weight loss in overweight and obese individuals decreases chronic inflammation and serum hepcidin levels, resulting in improved iron status due to increased iron absorption. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to confirm this effect.
Fulltext Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption in a Multi-Ethnic Population of Young Men and Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Obesity

AlTamimi JZ, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlKehayez NM, Alagal RI, Alsaikan RA, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Mar 09;20(6).
PMID: 36981770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064861

Sugar-sweetened beverages are frequently consumed among adults and are linked with the incidence of obesity. We aimed to determine rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake in a multi-ethnic population of young men and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and obesity. This cross-sectional study included 3600 young men who lived in Riyadh, KSA. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were gathered through personal interviews. The outcome variables in this study are based on the weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Weight and height were measured following standard protocols. The rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake by participants were 93.6% and 40.8%, respectively. Nationality was a predictor of weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The highest rates of weekly (99.5%) and daily (63.9%) consumption were observed in subjects from the Philippines and Yemen, respectively, while Bangladeshi subjects had the lowest rates of weekly (76.9%) and daily (6.9%) consumption. Obesity was another predictor of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio of weekly sugar-sweetened beverage consumption than non-obese subjects (OR = 4.53, p = 0.037). In conclusion, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was relatively high and our results support an association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and certain sociodemographic variables and obesity.