Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
  • 2 Research Center "E. Piaggio", Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
  • 3 Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  • 4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
  • 5 School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
  • 6 Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 7 Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interface, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
  • 8 School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran
  • 9 Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples 80125, Italy; Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
  • 10 Research Center "E. Piaggio", Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 11 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 12 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India. Electronic address: [email protected]
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2021 Apr;123:112005.
PMID: 33812625 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112005

Abstract

Inadequate self-repair and regenerative efficiency of the cartilage tissues has motivated the researchers to devise advanced and effective strategies to resolve this issue. Introduction of bioprinting to tissue engineering has paved the way for fabricating complex biomimetic engineered constructs. In this context, the current review gears off with the discussion of standard and advanced 3D/4D printing technologies and their implications for the repair of different cartilage tissues, namely, articular, meniscal, nasoseptal, auricular, costal, and tracheal cartilage. The review is then directed towards highlighting the current stem cell opportunities. On a concluding note, associated critical issues and prospects for future developments, particularly in this sphere of personalized medicines have been discussed.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.