Acaricidal, larvacidal, and repellent activity of Linalool loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles against Hyalomma anatolicum

Alasmari SM 1 , Albalawi AE 2 , Alghabban AJ 2 , Shater AF 3 , Al-Ahmadi BM 4 , Baghdadi HBA 5 Show all authors , Almohammed HI 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, 1988 Najran, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
  • 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences. University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
  • 4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah university, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • 5 Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 General Science Department, Deanship of Supportive Studies, Alasala University, P. O. Box 12666, Dammam 31483, Saudi Arabia
Trop Biomed, 2024 Sep 01;41(3):377-384.
PMID: 39548793 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.019

Abstract

Current strategies for tick control have led to the development of resistance and environmental contamination. Consequently, there is an urgent need for research into new and effective acaricides for tick control. The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize Linalool loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (Lin@ZNP), and to assess the acaricidal, larvacidal, and repellent activities of Lin@ ZNP against Hyalomma anatolicum, a prevalent tick species infesting cattle in Saudi Arabia. Lin@ ZNP was synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The adult immersion, the larval packet, and the assessment of vertical movement behavior of tick larvae assays were utilized to examine the acaricidal, larvicidal, and repellent activities of Lin@ZNP against H. anatolicum, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of Lin@ZNP on acetylcholinesterase and oxidant/antioxidant enzyme activities was investigated. Exposure of adult H. anatolicum to different concentrations of Lin@ZNP resulted in noticeable (p<0.001) reductions in the viability rate of adults and the mean number, weight, and hatchability of eggs, compared to the control group. Lin@ZNP demonstrated significant repellent effects on H. anatolicum larvae after 60, 120, and 180 minutes of exposure. Lin@ZNP, particularly at all concentrations, markedly suppressed the acetylcholinesterase activity of the larval stage of H. anatolicum (P<0.001); but increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.001) and a decrease in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels in H. anatolicum larvae (P<0.001). Lin@ZNP exhibited considerable acaricidal, larvicidal, and repellent effects against H. dromedarii adults and larvae in a manner dependent on the dosage. Additionally, Lin@ZNP notably reduced AChE levels and antioxidant activity, while inducing oxidative stress in H. anatolicum larvae. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms and practical efficacy of Lin@ZNP.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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