Adsorption parameters optimization of spent coffee ground biochar for methylene blue removal using response surface methodology

Nagarajan T 1 , Binti Mohd Fekeri NH 2 , Raju G 3 , Shanmugan S 4 , Jeppu G 5 , Walvekar R 6 Show all authors , Rustagi S 7 , Khalid M 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
  • 3 School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 4 Nano Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Gelugor, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
  • 6 Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India; KKR and KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522017, India
  • 7 School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
  • 8 Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India. Electronic address: [email protected]
Chemosphere, 2024 Sep 02;364:143242.
PMID: 39233300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143242

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of spent coffee ground biochar (SCGB) as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB), a hazardous dye commonly used in the textile and printing industries. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach with central composite design (CCD) was employed to systematically investigate the effects of key process parameters, including adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time and temperature, on MB removal efficiency. The analysis revealed that adsorbent dosage and temperature as critical factors influencing MB removal, with a linear model providing a strong correlation. Optimal conditions for MB removal were determined to be 0.99 g of SCGB, 30 min of contact time, 30 °C temperature, and a solution pH of 7. Under these conditions, MB removal reached 99.99%, with a desirability of 1.000. The experimental results closely matched the predicted values, differing by only 0.02%, thus validating the accuracy of the model. Kinetic studies indicated a rapid adsorption process, well-described by both pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models. Isotherm analysis confirmed the applicability of the Freundlich model, suggesting favorable adsorption with increasing MB concentration. The high adsorption capacity of SCGB is attributed to its carbonaceous and porous structure, highlighting its potential as an effective adsorbent for dye removal in wastewater treatment applications.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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